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- 1. Grain crop drying, handling and storage By SAMIR
ALBADRI
- 2. Introduction -Major food crops such as cereal grains and
tubers, including potatoes, are normally seasonal crops. -Food
produced in one harvest period -Seed must be stored for: .Gradual
consumption until the next harvest, .Seed must be held for the next
seasons crop -Crop tends to raise prices during the off-season
- 3. Aim of any storage 1- To maintain the crop in prime
condition for as long as possible 2- The storage and handling
methods should minimize losses we need to consider other factors,
such as 1- economies 2-labour cost and availability 3-building
costs and machinery cost
- 4. Grain drying 1- safe storage natural and artificial drying,
followed by drying methods suitable for the small grower 2- Various
types of storage structures and systems, from family size up to
commercial units
- 5. storage
- 6. Properties of grains Cereal grains are edible seeds Grains
can be divided into three groups; 1-cereals(maize, wheat, millet,
rice, etc.), 2-pulses (beans, peas, cowpeas, etc.), 3-oil seeds
(soybeans, sunflower, linseed, etc.)
- 7. Bin Types Low profile bins 12-13 ft depth Deep bins 17-18 ft
depth Hopper-bottom bins
- 8. Bucket Elevator Animation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tS6Vofx8PvY
- 9. Bin Systems Safety equipment Loaders/augers Power sweep
Perforated Floor Fans Dryers & heat recyclers Aerators
Ventilators
- 10. Grain Dryer Animation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6HSelg-vTf0
- 11. Storage Goals 1-Avoid crop loss at harvest 2-Prolong crop
storage life 3-Maintain crop quality 4-Increase value of crop
5-National/international availability
- 12. Commercial Grain System
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfGCx1AmyZo
- 13. Storage Principles Proper crop condition going into storage
Control moisture Control temperature Control insects
- 14. Recommended Grain Storage Moisture
- 15. Moisture - High moisture content leads to storage problems
- Moisture encourages fungal and insect problems - Moisture starts
to decrease as the crop reaches maturity and the grains are
drying.
- 16. Temperature - Grains are biologically active and respire
during storage - One of the products of respiration is heat and
reducing the temperature of the crop can help to diminish the rate
of respiration - Temperature effect is on the activity of insect
and fungal problems. With lower temperatures
- 17. Insects Weight loss: as insects develop they will feed on
the produce. Losses vary with the commodity, for grain and legumes
-Insect activity also increases with a rise in temperature.
- 18. Effects in storage at different temperatures and moisture
content
- 19. Moisture content -The moisture content of a crop is
normally given on a wet basis (wb) and is calculated as follows
(%mcwb): -Occasionally dry basis (db) moisture content is given and
it is important to know which has been used.
- 20. Grain will normally be harvested at a moisture content of
1825 percent (wb), although it can be substantially higher or lower
depending on many factors such as:- -the stage of maturity -season,
-weather -drying facilities
- 21. Moisture content measurement Laboratory Farm
- 22. Grain Conditioning Technology We dry a crop because we
choose to harvest a slightly wet crop to avoid harvest losses
- 23. Permanently Installed Grain Temperature Cables
- 24. Top Dry System
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iX_ydF-3Pvs
- 25. Management Moisture content for crops: Shelled corn at 13%
to 15.5% Wheat, barley, oats at 13% Sunflowers at 8% to 10% No
advantage to frozen grain Clean grain has uniform air spaces
Distribute/eliminate fines in bin