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18/1/2015 Participle Modifiers and Prepositions — English Exercises & Practice | Grammar Quizzes
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On this page: Compare Word Forms Participle + Prep Complements Participle Modifier & Preposition ListCoordinated Participial Modifiers Common Mistakes Practice 1 Practice 2
Participle Modifiers with PrepositionsExpress reactions to circumstances or things
Participle modifiers are paired with specific prepositions.
Compare the word forms:
18/1/2015 Participle Modifiers and Prepositions — English Exercises & Practice | Grammar Quizzes
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ACTIVE VOICE (verb) PASSIVE VOICE (verb) PARTICIPLE MODIFIER
A verb is the past tense focus on theaction.
A passive verb focuses on the receiver.With the by-phrase, the clause is clearlypassive. Without the by-phrase, theword form could be a modifier.
A participial modifier complements theverb be. The optional prepositionalphrase adds additional information.
NP BY PHRASE VERB + PREP EXPRESSION
The question surprised thePresident.
He was surprised (by thequestion.)
He was surprised at the question.(with, by)
The response confused thePresident.
He was confused (by theresponse.)
He was confused by theresponse.
The news amused the President. He was amused (by the news.) He was amused with the news.(with, by)
He entertained the press. The press was entertained (bythe President.)
The press was entertained by thePresident.
The problem concerned thePresident.
He was concerned (by theproblem.)
He was concerned with thesituation. (over, about)
The situation frustrated thePresident.
He was frustrated (by thesituation.)
He was frustrated with thesituation. (by)
See Part Mod 2 -ed / -ing(passive4.html)
Categories: NP –noun phrase; N – noun; VP – verb phrase; V – verb; Det – determiner(agr-determiners.html); PP –prepositional phrase; P – preposition; AdvP – adverb phrase; Adv – adverb; AdjP– adjective phrase; Adj – adjective
Comedian Fred Armisen /Barack Obama
Participle + PrepositionVerb Complements
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NOUN or GERUND COMPLEMENT
A "be" verb (stative verb) commonly occurs before a participle + preposition combination. The expression is often followed by anoun phrase or a gerund clause.
PARTICIPLE + PREP NP / GER COMPLEMENT
The President was surprised at Fred's gestures. (NP)
his gesturing. (GER)
He was amused by / with his style of speaking.
hearing his speech patterns.
He was impressed with Fred's talent.
his being so talented.
He was entertained by the comedian's routine.
watching his routine.
He was pleased about the crowd's response.
their responding well.
WH-CLAUSE COMPLEMENT
In a similar way, the participle + preposition combination may be followed by a wh-clause (who, whom, who, where, when, how,why).
PARTICIPLE + PREP WH-CLAUSE COMPLEMENT
The President was surprised at how good Fred was.
He was amused by / with what Fred said.
He was impressed with how talented Fred was.
He was entertained by how Fred's routine.
Participle+Preposition Complements
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He was pleased about how they responded.
complement – a word, phrase or clause which is necessary in a sentence to complete its meaning.gestures (N) – movement with hands, head, and facial expressions(NP) – noun phrase; (GER) – gerund or gerund clause (nonfinite(sent-nonfinite.html) clause)
You can use the COCA(BYU) database to find out how a particular expression is used in current writing and journalism. Enterthe two-word expression and click search and check "context": http://corpus.byu.edu/coca/(http://corpus.byu.edu/coca/)
Participle ModifierPaired Preposition List
Participles Paired with Prepositions (Use may vary.)
ABOUT AT BY FROM
aggrieved about (unfairlytreated)
accomplished at amused by / with alienated from
annoyed about / with adept at (skilled) confused by divorced from
concerned about alarmed at delightedabout/at/by/with
kept from
confused about / by amazed at distressed by made from / of
defensive about amused at / by / with embarrassed by protected from
delightedabout/at/by/with
angry at / with encouraged by removed from
excited about astonished at entertained by refrained from
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pleased about delightedabout/at/by/with
exhausted by stopped from
undecided about gifted at (skilled) frightened by separated from
AGAINST pleased at / with impressed by FOR
discriminated against puzzled at influenced by known for
rallied against skilled at overwhelmed by prepared for
surprised at/ by/ with relaxed by qualified for
talented at terrified by remembered for
worried by
IN OF TO WITH
bathed in sunlight ashamed of accustomed to amused with
clothed in composed of addicted to acquainted with
covered in / with convinced of committed to annoyed about/at
disappointed in / by/ with frightened of / by connected to associated with
dressed in made of / from dedicated to blessed with
engaged in work scared of devoted to bored with
interested in terrified of engaged to coordinated with
involved in tired of limited to covered with
rooted in (origin) married to crowded with
opposed to delighted by/with/at
related to disappointed with/in
ON / UPON fascinated with/by
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based on (origin) filled with
bent on (intent on) finished with
(dependent on) frustrated with
furnished with
OVER impressed with/by
passed over pleased with
satisfied with
upset with
(Huddleston 6 §.3.1)
PARTICIPLES WITH SAME PREPOSITION
When coordinating two or more participle + preposition expressions, the preposition after the first participle may be omitted if it isthe same preposition used after the second participle.
PREPOSITION OMITTED
He is excited about and concerned about the new project. (Omit it.)
We were amused by and delighted by/with his news.
Participial ModifiersCoordinated with "and"
Coordinating [Participle + Preposition] Expressions
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They were connected to and devoted to their children.
*He was skilled and known for creating unusual works of art.
PARTICIPLES WITH DIFFERENT PREPOSITIONS
The preposition in the first participle + prep expression must be included if it differs from the preposition in second participle +prep expression.
PREPOSITION INCLUDED
He is excited about and pleased with its progress. (Do not omit it.)
We were horrified by and shocked at his news.
They were blessed with and devoted to their children.
He was skilled at and known for creating unusual works of art.
connected to/with (expression) — share an understanding, have good communication with
Common MistakesErrors and Solutions
18/1/2015 Participle Modifiers and Prepositions — English Exercises & Practice | Grammar Quizzes
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ERROR
He was interesting seeing the movie.
I was embarrassing what she said.
She is both excited about and eager to go out.
(The verbal phrases require different complements.)
She was both excited about and stopped from going out.
(The verbal phrases contrast and do not keep to a central idea.)
He has been associated, mentored and sponsored by Nike for ten years.
SOLUTION
He was interested in seeing the movie. (The preposition "in" may be heard as -ing. The participial modifier "interested" is paired with the preposition "in".)
I was embarrassed by what she said.
See embarrassed(embarrassed.html) expressions.
She is both excited about and looking forward to going out. (gerund)
She both wants and is eager to go out. (infinitive)
She was both excited about and looking forward to going out. (similar idea of excitement)
She was stopped and restrained from going out. (similar idea of blockage)
He has been associated with, mentored and sponsored by Nike for ten years.
He has been associated with, mentored by and sponsored by Nike for ten years.
Errors and Solutions
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Grammar NotesTraditional Grammar and Linguistic Description
(Advanced)
Traditional Grammar vs. Linguistic Description
TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR LINGUISTIC DESCRIPTION
In traditional grammar, this structure is called a "participle +preposition" , "passive + participle" or "-ed adjective +preposition" combination.
• He was [excited about] the news
• He was [excited over] the news.
He was excited by the news. (passive)
(Azar 11-6)
Native speakers often have strong opinions about whichpreposition follows a particular participle. However, usagevaries among speakers of English dialects.
"By is used after passive verbs to introduce the agent (theperson or thing that does the action…" (Swan 410.5)
She was frightened by a mouse. ("by" indicates frightened is averb)
She was frightened of dying. ("of" indicates frightened is anadjective indicating state of mind [be + -ed form])
In linguistic analysis, this structure is a participle-form verbwith a complement (adjunct) of an prepositional phrase. Notethat the phrase is optional.
"Many adjectives license complements in post-head position.Like the post-head complements in NP structure, those isAdjPs almost invariably have the form of PPs orclauses." (Huddleston 542)
• He was excited.
• He was excited [with the news] [by the news] [because of thenews] [due to the news] [over having won the lottery].
In current description, a preposition can be complemented bya wide variety of structures. See Prep Complements(prep-uses.html#prepcomp).
"The structure of AdjPs: Complementation" (Huddleston 6§3.1)
"Adjectives vs. Verbs" (Huddleston 6 §2.4.3)
Grammatical Functions(sent-subjpred.html): Subject – (Subj) the agent of the action; Predicate/Predicator – (Pred) theaction or change in state; Complement – Comp – an element required to complete the subject and predicate; Adjunct – anelement not required by the verb, a modifying word, phrase, clause; Supplement – a comment in the form of a word, phraseor clause that is loosely related to the central idea of the sentence.
Lexical Categories "Parts of Speech": N – noun / pronoun; NP – noun phrase; V – verb; VP – verb phrase; Adj – adjective;AdjP – adjective phrase; Adv – adverb; AdvP – adverb phrase; P – preposition; PP – prepositional phrase; Det –determiners(agr-determiners.html) – noun markers (e.g., articles, quantifiers, demonstratives, possessives); Subord – subordinator; Coord – coordinator; Interj – interjection; INF – infiniitve: GER – gerund; Nonfinite(sent-nonfinite.html): aninfinitive or gerund clause
Resources
Azar, Betty Schrampfer, and Stacy A. Hagen. Understanding and Using English Grammar. White Plains, New
York: Pearson Longman, 2009. Print.
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Huddleston, Rodney and Geoffrey K. Pullum, et al. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Print.
Swan, Michael. Practical English Usage. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. Print.
1.
The mouse is interested — getting the cheese.
Feedback 1
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2.
My uncle was disappointed — my grades.
Practice 1Pairing Prepositions with Participle Modifiers
Decide which preposition to use with each participial modifier.
1. Select the word from each menu that best completes the sentence. (Preposition usage varies among
English speaking communities.)
2. Compare your response to the feedback by clicking the "check" button.
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Feedback 2
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3.
Arnold was pleased — his appearance.
Feedback 3
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4.
I was worried — his not getting any exercise.
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5.
I was amazed — his story telling abilities.
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Feedback 5
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6.
My city is crowded — people.
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7.
I am finished — the tape. You can have it now.
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8.
My son is fascinated — seahorses.
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Feedback 8
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9.
Danny was scared — the neighbor's dog.
Feedback 9
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10.
The man on TV was concerned — the coming storm.
Feedback 10
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11.
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He is married — his wife Ella.
Feedback 11
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12.
Maude was undecided — what to do.
Feedback 12
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Reset
Check 1-12
More Practices: Participle-Prep Prac(passiveex1.html) | Gerund Objects(gerund2a.html) | Verb + PP Prac1(gerundex3.html) | Verb + PP Prac 2(gerundex5.html) | Verb + PP Prac3(verbs_prep.html)
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Jeannie has a new nose ring. She is both delighted and defensive about it. Jeannie's parents were upset andpuzzled at their daughter's decision. Her parents think she will be passed over and discriminated againstbecause of her nose piercing. They believe the piercing will alienate her from potential employers and keepher from making new client contacts. They say their belief is based and supported by research byNorthwestern University. One psychologist said that the display of tattoos and wearing of body piercings isrooted and influenced by a person’s desire to be rebellious.
Jeannie is annoyed and frustrated with this conservative way of thinking. For centuries, a number of cultureshave engaged and celebrated rites with body tattoos and piercings. Jeannie feels that piercing one's nose issimilar and not different than piercing one's ears, which is a common beauty practice. Jeannie keeps remindingher parents that opinions and judgments about people with body piercings are changing.
alienate (V) — make distant, make unwilling to support you
annoy (V) — bother, irritate, displease
century (N) — 100 years
conservative (Adj) — not liking changes or new ideas
defensive (Adj) — behaving in a way that shows you think someone is criticizing you even if they are not
discriminated (participle) — be treated differently from another in an unfair way
engage (V) — participate
judgment / judgment (N) — to think over and form an opinion; assess and conclude
Practice 2Jeannie's Nose Ring
Read for Coordination Errors
pass over (verbal expression) — overlook, not appreciate
piercing (N) — a hole made through part of your body so that you can put jewelery there, or the process of making the hole
potential (Adj) — possible in the future
psychologist (N) — someone who is trained in psychology
puzzle (V) — confuse, find something hard to understand
rebellious (Adj) — willingly disobeying rules; behaving in a way that goes against authority
rites (N) — a ceremony that is always performed in the same way, usually for religious purposes
Decide whether the preposition should be included with the coordinated word form (verb, adjective ornoun).
1. Select the parallel word form that best completes the sentence.
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13.
Jeannie has a new nose ring, and she is both excited and defensive about it.
Correct Incorrect
Feedback 13
Check 13
14.
Jeannie's parents were upset and puzzled at their daughter's decision.
Correct Incorrect
Feedback 14
Check 14
15.
Her parents think she will be passed and discriminated against because of her nose piercing.
Correct Incorrect
Feedback 15
Check 15
16.
2. Compare your response to the feedback by clicking the "check" or "check 21-30" button.
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They believe the piercing will alienate her from potential employers and keep her from making new
client contacts.
Correct Incorrect
Feedback 16
Check 16
17.
They say their belief is based and supported by the research done by Northwestern University.
Correct Incorrect
Feedback 17
Check 17
18.
One psychologist said that the display of tattoos and wearing of body piercings is rooted and influenced
by a person’s desire to be rebellious.
Correct Incorrect
Feedback 18
Check 18
19.
Jeannie is annoyed and frustrated with this conservative way of thinking.
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Correct Incorrect
Feedback 19
Check 19
20.
For centuries, a number of cultures have engaged and celebrated rites with body tattoos and piercings.
Correct Incorrect
Feedback 20
Check 20
21.
Jeannie feels that piercing one's nose is similar and not different than piercing one's ears, which is a
common beauty practice.
Correct Incorrect
Feedback 21
Check 21
22.
Jeannie keeps reminding her parents that opinions and judgments about people with body piercings are
changing.
Correct Incorrect
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Feedback 22
Check 22
Check 13-22 Reset
Index Grammar-Quizzes(index.html) | Previous Adjective w/Prep(adj-prep.html) | Next Participle-PrepPrac(passiveex1.html)
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Julie Sevastopoulos(contact.html) — ESL / EFL / TEFL – English Grammar Reference / Resource — Practices &Exercises — Palo Alto, California USA —
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