Parts of speech

PARTS OF SPEECH

Quick Reference Guide

Noun: person, place, thing, or idea Verb: action Adjective: describes a noun Adverb: modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb. Preposition: Describes a relationship between two

words Conjunction: Connects words or parts of a sentence.

NOUNSPERSON

PLACE THING IDEA

Types of nouns

Possessive The table’s legProper vs. common France / countryAbstract vs. Concrete government / president

PRONOUNSA WORD USED IN PLACE OF A NOUN

I, YOU,SHE, HE, IT

WE, THEY

The Nouns Test!

Formal Tests – Does the word contain a noun-making morpheme?

organization, misconception, weirdness, statehood, government, democracy, philistinism, realtor, tenacity,

– Can the word take a plural-making morpheme? pencils, boxes (Can it be made plural or singular).

– Can the word take a possessive-making morpheme? today's, boys‘ (Can it be made possessive) Note: If a noun is plural-possessive, the apostrophe comes after the “s”

Function Tests

– Without modifiers, can the word directly follow an article and create a grammatical unit (subject, object, etc.)? the state, an apple, a crate

– Can it fill the slot in the following sentence: "(The) _________ seem(s) all right." (or substitute other predicates such as unacceptable, short, dark, depending on the word's meaning)?

Posers

Some words that are clearly other parts of speech sometimes funtion as nouns.

Ex: Running

“He is in the running for president.”

Ex: Blue

“The blue is nicer than the purple.”

Practice

Highlight all of the words that function as nouns in the song. Do not highlight nouns functioning as adjectives.

Action Words Verbs are actions, but some actions

are not very active Sleep, think, have, be

To Be

Just being is an action! Fill in the sentence– I _____ responsible.

– You ____ responsible.

– He __ responsible.is

are

am

You will need to recognize “to be” verbs as verbs

I am always forgotten. It is

hard being me.

Conjugating

Verbs change depending on who is doing the action. English conjugation is usually really simple:

To Walk Present(no addition)

Past

I, you, we, they walk walked

she, he, it, walks walked

Conjugating

Verbs change depending on who is doing the action. English conjugation is usually really simple:

To Walk Present Past

I, you, we, they walk walked

she, he, it, walks walked

Usually adds an s

Usually adds an ed

Some verbs are irregular

To Give Present Past

I, you, we, they give gave

she, he, it, gives gave

Notice that these two stay the same.

Some are very irregular

To Be Present Past

I am was

you are were

she, he, it is was

Hey! You remembered me! You are too kind!

Verbs Test

- Does it conjugate?- Can it be made present, past, or future

tense?- Can you add –ing (to the infinitive form)?

ADJECTIVESDESCRIBES A NOUN

OR PRONOUN

What a BEAUTIFUL sunset!

Adjectives test

Can it fit in this sentence:

The __________ man is very _________.

ex: The sad man is very sad.

ADVERBSDESCRIBES

VERB, ADJECTIVE, ANOTHER ADVERB

SHINING BRIGHTLY . Note: Most adverbs end in –ly

ADVERBS

What an amazingly beautiful sunset

What a

very (adv)

amazingly (adv)

(adj) beautiful

(noun) sunset.

Adverb test

The man told his story ___________.

or

The woman walked her dog _________.

PREPOSITIONS RELATES A NOUN OR

PRONOUN TO ANOTHER WORD IN THE SENTENCE

In other words, it’s anything you can do to a box.

PREPOSITIONS

You can go– In the box– Over the box– Through the box– Around the box– On the box– Near the box

PREPOSITIONS

You can alsoSit with the boxStand next to the boxThink about the boxLook after the boxArrive before the box

WORD OR PHRASE USED TO EXPRESS STRONG EMOTION

OR SURPRISE

YIKES!

CONJUNCTIONS

CONNECTS WORDS OR INDIVIDUAL GROUPS OF WORDS

AND, BUT, OR, NOR,FOR, SO, YETEITHER, OR, NEITHER, NOR,

WATER AND ROCKS

Period 2

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