Passive. When do we use the passive voice? When we dont know who did the action When we dont care...

Passive

When do we use the passive voice?

When we don’t know who did the action

When we don’t care who did it

When we’re not interested in the action—just in the results of the action

When it’s obvious who did it

The result of the action…

::אנו משתמשים בסביל כאשראנו משתמשים בסביל כאשראין הכרח, או אי אפשר, לציין את •

:מבצע הפעולה

The school was founded in 1967.My brother was wounded in the

war.אינם בשני המשפטים הללו עושי הפעולה , במקבלי הפעולה העיקר. אנו מתעניינים

.שהם נושאי המשפט הסביל

::כאשרכאשר אנו משתמשים בסבילאנו משתמשים בסבילהמדבר רוצה להדגיש את מקבל •

:הפעולה

My neighbor was arrested

This house was designed many years ago.

ייתכן שמבצעי הפעולה ידועים, אך הם אינם .מוקד ענייננו

::כאשרכאשר אנו משתמשים בסבילאנו משתמשים בסבילהמדבר רוצה להביע דעה אובייקטיבית, •

דעה נפוצה או רעיון מקובל, בניגוד :לחוות דעתו האישית

It is believed that there will be an election next year.

The house was said to be haunted by ghosts.

Other examples of the Other examples of the passivepassive

The fire was caused by a cigarette.

The results have just been published.

Hebrew is spoken in Israel.

Dinner is served!

We don’t care who is serving it! Let’s eat.

We don’t know who caused it.

We’re not interested in who published them—we want to know about the results!

It’s obvious who speaks Hebrew—people in Israel.

למשפט בסביל שלושה חלקים למשפט בסביל שלושה חלקים שסדרם קבועשסדרם קבוע

נושא המשפטמקבל הפעולה - . 1

המשפט tense המראה את, to be הפועל. 2.והמתואם לנושאו

V3 בצורתהפועל העיקרי . 3

The room waspainted last week.

The room is being painted now.

Active sentences: Subject – verb - object

John wrote the essay.

Who wrote the essay? John did!

The subject of the sentence is: John.

What did he write? The essay!

The object of the sentence is: the essay.

The essay was written by John.

Passive sentences: object – verb (by subject)

object subject

past tense of the verb “to be”

V3 of the verb “write”

.סללו את הכביש אתמול הםמי סלל את הכביש? ! .אמרו לי להתקשר אליך מישהומי אמר לי? . .הסתפרתי מי סיפר אותי? לא חשוב. אבל איך

?התספורת שלי .התקבלתי ללהקה מי קיבל אותי ללהקה? אני לא יודע

...בדיוק

English vs. Hebrew

In English, you can’t talk about some anonymous “they” or “somebody.” You need to use the passive voice.

I’m already confused!

No wonder! Each tense in English has its own form of the passive.

The passive voice consists of two parts:

the verb to be and the V3

Simple Forms

Present Simple

am / is / are + V3

English is spoken in Hong Kong. Both Hebrew and Arabic are spoken in Israel.

Past Simple

was / were + V3

He was hit by a car. They were hit, too.

Future Simple

will be + V3 The project will be finished on time.

Present Perfect Simple

has / have + been + V3

The invitations have already been sent out. The letter has been mailed, too.

I was told to come at 7:00 to the meeting. . לפגישה7:00אמרו לי להגיע ב- I was sent an invitation in the mail. שלחו לי הזמנה בדואר I have already been told about it. .מישהו כבר סיפר לי על זה

Translate these sentences:

Are these sentences active or passive?

1. The plane crashed in Angola.

Active 2. Wheat is grown in

the United States. Passive3. You may invite

only ten classmates to your party.

Active

4. We have to finish this assignment by Tuesday.

Active5. The Hobbit was

written by J. R. R. Tolkien.

Passive 6. I was born in

Morocco. Passive

Active: Someone feeds the baby every morning at 8.

Passive: The baby is fed every morning at 8.

If the subject of the sentence isn’t specific (“someone”), you don’t have to use it in a passive sentence.

Active: A drunk driver caused the accident.

Passive: The accident was caused by a drunk driver.

Here, the subject is specific and important (“a drunk driver”) so it should be part of the sentence.

Convert these sentences from active to passive:

Progressive Forms and Modals

Past Progressive

was / were + being + V3

All day I had the feeling I was being watched.

Present Progressive

am / is / are + being + V3

I am being followed. You are being followed, too.

Modals modal + be + V3

The window must be fixed. The door should be repaired, too.

Future Past would be + V3 You told me it would be done by today!

1. When we want to emphasize the action, rather than who did it:

We could say: “Bezek is fixing my telephone.” But who’s fixing it is less important that the

fixing itself! So we can say:“My telephone is being fixed.”

Remember! When do we use the passive?

2. When the doer of the action is unknown, unimportant, or obvious“My wallet has been stolen!” (we don’t know who stole it)“The results are being announced now.” (we don’t care who’s announcing them)“English is spoken here.” (obviously, it’s spoken by the people here!)

More uses:

Fred asked Simon. a) Simon was asked by Fred. b) Simon had been asked by Fred c) Simon is asked by Fred.

Harry will meet you at the airport. a) You will have been met by Harry at the airport. b) You will be met by Harry at the airport. c) You would be met by Harry at the airport.

Let’s practice! 1/3

Tom respects Lindsay's opinion. a) Lindsay's opinion would be respected by Tom. b) Lindsay's opinion was respected by Tom. c) Lindsay's opinion is respected by Tom.

Jane upset me by what she said. a) I would be upset by what Jane said. b) I was upset by what Jane said. c) I would have been upset by what Jane said.

Let’s practice! 2/3

The police arrested 12 people. a) 12 people were arrested by the police. b) 12 people have been arrested by the police. c) 12 people should be arrested by the police.

Sheila might come to see you tomorrow. a) You might be visited by Sheila tomorrow. b) You will might be visited by Sheila tomorrow. c) You would be visited by Sheila tomorrow.

Let’s practice! 3/3

Patients ___ (treat) in hospitals. The walls of the house ___ (just/paint).The newspaper ___ (bring) yesterday.Tomorrow all the tests ___ (check).The car ___ (already/repair), now we can use it.

Now you try 1/2!

are treatedwere just paintedwas brought

will be checkedis already repaired

This book___ (read) at our lesson right now. To be honest it is not interesting, but a discussion about the characters of the book ___ (hold) next lesson, so we have no choice.

Now you try 2/2!

is being read, will be held

The policemen help the children.

Mr Jones watches films.The people speak English.I take photos.

Can you do these!

The children were helped by the policemen.

Films are watched by Mr. Jones.

English is spoken by the people.

Photos are taken by myself.

1. The book should have returned to the library on time.

2. Did he was told about the concert?3. This suit made in China.4. I born in 1990.5. Your pictures are developed right

now.6. This problem has been existed for a

long time.

Spot the error!

Check your answers.

1. The book should have returned to the library on time.

2. Did he was told about the concert?

3. This suit made in China.4. I born in 1990.5. Your pictures are

developed right now.6. This problem has been

existed for a long time.

1. The book should have been returned…

2. Was he told about…3. This suit was made in…4. I was born in 1990.5. Your pictures are being

developed…6. This problem has

existed for a long time. (not a passive sentence!)

Now…...

….it’s your turn!