PAST PAPER REVIEW 2009 Explain what is meant by the following terms: Plural society Mestizo ...
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- PAST PAPER REVIEW 2009
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- Explain what is meant by the following terms: Plural society
Mestizo dougla
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- A plural society is one in which there are several distinct
racial/ethnic groups who interact with each other, but keep
distinct lines between them in fundamental areas. Mestizo was the
name given to individuals of European and Amerindian heritage
Dougla refers to an individual who is mixed with African and East
Indian ancestry.
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- Define the term soil erosion .
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- The continuous removal of the top layer of soil from the
surface of the land, whether by the action of the wind, water,
gravity, earth movements or by mankind.
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- Describe TWO processes that have contributed to soil erosion in
the Caribbean
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- Landslides, flooding, hurricanes, extreme wave action
Deforestation in places like Haiti could be a major cause of soil
erosion.
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- Name TWO groups of indentured labourers who were brought to the
Caribbean after emancipation in 1838.
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- East Indians Chinese
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- Give TWO reasons why EACH group of indentured labourers were
brought to the Caribbean.
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- The search for the cheapest supply of labour The shortage or
scarcity of labour in some colonies The deliberate use of
indentured immigrants to frustrate the formerly enslaved.
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- Explain what is meant by the term the family as a social
institution.
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- This refers to the primary social unit which socialises the
infant and growing young person in the morals, values and practices
of the basic human unit and the wider society as a whole.
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- Outline TWO reasons why many Caribbean family forms were
considered dysfunctional by colonial authorities.
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- The nuclear family was seen as the norm and the colonial
authorities did not regard Caribbean families, such s those with
single parents, or extended families as proper forms These families
were matrifocal as in Africa and this offended the sense of male
superiority held by colonial authorities and the belief in male
supremacy in the European household.
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- Describe Two ways in which immigrant labour from the Caribbean
has impacted on the economies of Europe and North America.
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- Caribbean migrants become consumers in the host economies and
so further contribute to the economies Migrant labour provides
these countries with relatively cheap labour, especially in the
manual, menial jobs which natives do not wish to perform.
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- Describe One way in which Cuban immigrants have influenced
policy in North America.
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- The powerful Cuban lobby in Florida has had a direct impact on
legislation, regulating legal and illegal migration from Cuba to
the US. IT has also served as a powerful pressure group that has
affected governance and voting in the U.S.
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- Define the term per capita income.
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- Per capita income is the total income earned from goods and
services produced by a country in one year divided by the total
population for that country in that year.
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- Explain ONE way in which levels of income is a better indicator
of development than per capita income.
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- Levels of income is a better indicator of development because
levels of income speaks to categories of income of a variety of
individuals such as teachers, lawyers, construction workers. These
categories can be used to indicate the growth levels in an economy
especially when these levels of income are rising.
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- Define the term popular movement
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- A popular movement is one that is initiated by the ideas of the
masses, or was developed for the masses. It can have local or
international appeal.
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- Describe Two ways in which a named popular movement in the
Caribbean has contributed to national identity.
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- Rastafarianism has created a sense of black consciousness
Rastafarianism has contributed to our rejection of
colonial/European rule.
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- Explain what is meant by the mutual advantage concept of social
justice.
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- Refers to the social contract that exists between the state and
its citizens, whether written or unwritten. The state is expected
to protect the rights of its citizens in so far as the citizens are
expected to obey the laws and statutes of the state.
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- Distinguish between prejudice and discrimination.
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- Prejudice is born of emotion, it is an attitude, a strong
belief that is personal and subjective. Discrimination is action
oriented and involves action that is directed against an individual
or group. The difference between the two is that prejudice does not
move beyond the realm of belief and thus inflicts no physical harm
on the person or group targeted.
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- Define the term mass media .
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- The mass media refers to all those channels which communicate
messages to large audiences simultaneously. These channels can be
placed in two categories the print media and the electronic
media.`
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- Explain ONE way in which the Caribbean mass media has hindered
the promotion of a Caribbean entertainment industry
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- The mass media in the Caribbean engages in the broadcast of
foreign entertainment, thereby promoting foreign values and
crowding out local entertainment The mass media only portrays
caribbean artistes when they are recognized by international music
labels e.g. Sean Paul, Rihanna
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- Explain One way in which the mass media has assisted in the
promotion of Caribbean entertainment internationally.
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- Engaging in the promotion of entertainment through advertising
and the broadcast of live concerts.
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- Explain the term pan africanism.
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- Pan Africanism is an ideology which regards Africa and African
people as a unit and it thus promotes the unification of African
people and the glorification of the african past.
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- Give one reason why some interest groups in the Caribbean
opposed Pan Africanism.
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- The white planter merchant class was the main opposition group
who saw the education and enlightenment of the former enslaved as
maintaining colonialism.
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- State ONE way in which Pan Africanists attempted to unite
people of the African diaspora.
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- Through organizing pan-African conferences and newspapers which
promoted the idea of African unification.
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- Examine THREE measures that Caribbean countries can implement
to minimize the danger posed to coral reefs in the region. (20
marks)
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- Educating individuals and groups such as fishermen, farmers
hoteliers and even tourists would be part of the effort to increase
awareness about the importance of reefs and to encourage all to
protect them. Governments have established and should continue to
establish marine-protected zones around important coastal regions
inhabited by coral species and fish as the official stance or
policy in the fight to guard the reefs.
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- Laws should be passed to protect the shoreline and to establish
activities that would be viewed as criminal and against the
environment. Such laws would be against pollution of the seas and
would guard against activities such as trawling, a method of
fishing that can damage the reef and alter its environment.
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- With legislation in place, marine officers would be empowered
to protect the coastline and be watchful of cruise ships and large
yachts, that have been noted to damage the reefs.
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- Governments could adopt a regional approach to the issue in an
effort to provide a central policy. This would allow for a united
stance against criminal and negligent activities that damage the
reefs. Governments could share intelligence of the issue and
benefit from a collective aproach.
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- Examine THREE ways in which the justice system, as a social
institution, impacts on society and culture.
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- Note that the impact of the system in individual territories
has been immense, positive and has brought about far- reaching
benefits. Highlight as wellthe short- comings of the system.
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- Answers to include things such as: Unfair trials Acts of
discrimination, based on race, gender, colour and age Loop-holes in
the system which enables wealthy persons to escape punishments
Positive implementation of the CCJ. Positive is moving towards a
moral approach of examining human rights abuses etc.
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- Using examples from the Caribbean, describe the importance of
EACH of the following concepts: 1. economic development 2.
political development 3. social political (20 marks)
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- Ecnomic development students are expected to define this
concept as well as to show how improvements in other areas of
society would not be possible without this form of
development.
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- Describe THREE ways in which discrimination against women
hinders development in the region. (20 marks)
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- The concept of development includes the increase in
productivity in society and therefore society must make full use of
its female and male citizens. When women are prevented from taking
part in the workforce, a key impact would be the reduction of
poverty.
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- Gender discrimination leads to lack of leadership skills and
lack of knowledge that would contribute to the advancement of
society.
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- Account for the changing role that race, colour and ethnic
affiliation play in Caribbean society and culture. (30 marks)
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- Can be argued from TWO sides: On one hand you can state that
race, colour and ethnicity continue to dominate interactions in
society. On the other hand, you can state that with the coming of
Independence, persons `````````
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- There is no single Caribbean culture. Do you agree? Provide
arguments and examples to support your answer.
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- The ultimate goal of CARICOM is to institute a single
government for CARICOM member states. If this goal becomes a
reality, discuss the ways in which this development may help OR
hinder the movement towards Caribbean integration.
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- Tourism has advanced development in the Caribbean. Present
arguments for AND against this statement.