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Paul Snelgrove (Memorial University) Phil Archambault (Univ. Quebec à Rimouski) Kim Juniper (Univ. of Victoria) Peter Lawton (DFO Canada) Chris McKindsey (DFO Canada) Anna Metaxas (Dalhousie University) Pierre Pepin (DFO Canada) David Schneider (Memorial University) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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•Paul Snelgrove (Memorial University)Paul Snelgrove (Memorial University)
•Phil Archambault (Univ. Quebec àPhil Archambault (Univ. Quebec à Rimouski)Rimouski)
•Kim Juniper (Univ. of Victoria)Kim Juniper (Univ. of Victoria)
•Peter Lawton (DFO Canada)Peter Lawton (DFO Canada)
•Chris McKindsey (DFO Canada)Chris McKindsey (DFO Canada)
•Anna Metaxas (Dalhousie University)Anna Metaxas (Dalhousie University)
•Pierre Pepin (DFO Canada)Pierre Pepin (DFO Canada)
•David Schneider (Memorial University)David Schneider (Memorial University)
•Verena Tunnicliffe (Univ. of Victoria)Verena Tunnicliffe (Univ. of Victoria)
The NSERC Canadian Healthy Oceans Network
Biodiversity science for sustainable oceans
CHONe is a team of 147 researchers •42 University faculty•25 Government scientists•20 PhD students•17 MSc•37 Undergraduates•3 Postdocs
University Co-Applicants•Dalhousie University•Guelph University•McGill University•Memorial University•Mt. Allison University•Simon Fraser University•University of Alberta•University of British Columbia•University College of Cape Breton•Université de Quebec à Chicoutimi•Université de Quebec à Rimouski•Université Laval •University of Prince Edward Island•University of Victoria•University of Waterloo
•Natural Sciences & Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
•Department of Fisheries & Oceans (Science & Oceans Branches)
•Government of Newfoundland & Labrador
•Natural Resources Canada
•Atlantic Reference Centre
•Canadian Museum of Nature
•Parks Canada
•ArcticNet
Major Funding Partners
~ $10 Million distributed over 5 years
Snelgrove et al. (2004)
Island Press
Ha
bit
at S
ize
(km
Ha
bit
at S
ize
(km
22 ))
Scale of Threat (km2)
1010
010
210
410
610
810
Invasive speciesDisease
Circulation change
Fishing Effects
Temp.Rainfall
SalinityEutropication
Pollution
Habitat lossHydrology change
Vu
lne
rab
iity
Open Open Ocean Ocean
Near Near shore shore
ArcticArctic
TemperateTemperate
“…a growing global network of researchers in more than 70 nations engaged in a ten-year initiative to assess and explain the diversity, distribution, and abundance of marine life in the oceans -- past, present, and future.
www.coml.org
The scientific landscape is changing…The scientific landscape is changing…
•Ecosystem-Based ManagementEcosystem-Based Management
•Oceans ActOceans Act
•Role of DFO OceansRole of DFO Oceans
•Convention on Biological Diversity Convention on Biological Diversity
•Law of the SeaLaw of the Sea
There is a technology revolution underway in ocean sciencesThere is a technology revolution underway in ocean sciences
•Observation•Sampling•Modeling
We will….
•provide a science basis for conservation-based decisions,
•develop new tools & strategies for policy decisions,
•train the next generation of young, highly-qualified personnel
Ecosystem Function How is ecosystem function
linked to biodiversity & agents
of disturbance (natural and anthropogenic)?
Biodiversity Characterization & Tools- What is the nature of cryptic diversity, the
spatial distribution of biodiversity, & temporal changes in biodiversity?
Dispersal Dynamics- “How does dispersal influence patterns of
diversity, resilience, and source/sink dynamics of species and
communities?”
Theme IIITheme III
Theme IITheme IITheme ITheme I
IntegrationIntegration
OCEAN HEALTH
THREE GEOGRAPHIC FOCI… THREE GEOGRAPHIC FOCI…
Three
Oceans
TRAINING IN CUTTING-EDGE TECHNOLOGIESTRAINING IN CUTTING-EDGE TECHNOLOGIES
•ocean observatoriesocean observatories
•new sampling toolsnew sampling tools
•microparticlesmicroparticles
•genetics toolsgenetics tools
•new taxonomy toolsnew taxonomy tools
•novel instrumentationnovel instrumentation
•new GIS tools for habitat mappingnew GIS tools for habitat mapping
•automated recognition toolsautomated recognition tools
•predictive toolspredictive tools
•biophysical modelsbiophysical models
•spatial statistical toolsspatial statistical tools
•comprehensive management toolscomprehensive management tools
CHONe strongly complements ongoing funded programs…
•International Polar Year
•Ocean Management Research Network (OMRN)
•Community-University Recovery Alliance (CURA)
•Census of Marine Life
•Barcode of Life
•ArcticNet
•Invasive Species Network (CAISN)
•VENUS, NEPTUNE, Bonne Bay
•DFOs Centres of Expertise
•TRACES
•CAMEO (Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization) ???
Regional & Local Regional & Local Stakeholder InvolvementStakeholder Involvement
•Traditional Ecological KnowledgeTraditional Ecological Knowledge•Local supportLocal support
•Access to environmentAccess to environment
National PolicyNational Policy•DFODFO
•Parks CanadaParks Canada•Environment CanadaEnvironment Canada
•NGOs NGOs
ScienceScience•UniversityUniversity
•GovernmentGovernment•Other PartnersOther Partners
Conservation & Conservation & Sustainable Use Sustainable Use
of Canada’s of Canada’s Oceans Oceans
Key objectives?
Key objectives?Scientific
Scientific
recomm
endations
recomm
endations
Key o
bject
ives
?
Key o
bject
ives
?Scien
tific
Scien
tific
reco
mm
endat
ions
reco
mm
endat
ions
THEME I: BIODIVERSITY
Goal 1 – Diversity in Space Relation of taxonomic and functional diversity to habitat diversity
•Arctic Corridor•Atlantic Corridor•Pacific Corridor•New Tools for Image Analysis
Goal 2 – Diversity in TimeRate of divergence and benchmarks for Arctic warming
•Cryptic Diversity•Divergence Rate
Goal 3 – Diversity in SocietyKnowledge assembly, accessibility, and application
•Ecoinformatics•Synthesis
CHONe will use advanced technologies for seabed interpretation to understand benthic diversity patterns
Theme I Issue – Habitat Mapping vs Ecological Analysis Theme I Issue – Habitat Mapping vs Ecological Analysis
Gulf of Maine
Continental Rise
seismic
tsunami
chemical
Currents/seabed
visual
130 instruments
(>40 types)
>300 sensors
Biodiversity, ecosystem services (function) Biodiversity, ecosystem services (function) and human well -beingand human well -being
THEME II: ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION
Understand and quantify the role of biodiversity in ecosystems services
Goal 1 – Natural variation in biodiversity & ecosystems
services
Goal 2 – Anthropogenic pressures on biodiversity &
ecosystem services
Synthesis
VENUS is located in two places:
• Strait of Georgia
• Saanich Inlet
Vancouver
Victoria
VICTORIA EXPERIMENTAL VICTORIA EXPERIMENTAL NETWORK UNDER THE SEANETWORK UNDER THE SEA
A seafloor cabled laboratory A seafloor cabled laboratory at the University of Victoriaat the University of Victoria
To date, 25 instruments are connected via a subsean nodeData are available to all:
www.venus.uvic.cawww.venus.uvic.ca
THEME III: CONNECTIVITY THEME III: CONNECTIVITY
Goal 1 – Evaluate the role of larval dispersal in regional Goal 1 – Evaluate the role of larval dispersal in regional source-sink dynamicssource-sink dynamics
Goal 2 – Compare metapopulation connectivity Goal 2 – Compare metapopulation connectivity using different metrics of dispersalusing different metrics of dispersal
THEME III: CONNECTIVITY THEME III: CONNECTIVITY
Goal 2 – Compare metapopulation connectivity Goal 2 – Compare metapopulation connectivity using different metrics of dispersalusing different metrics of dispersal
Existing and emerging toolsExisting and emerging tools Contrasting speciesContrasting species
• Larval distributionsLarval distributions• Larval behaviourLarval behaviour• Langrangian estimates using microdriftersLangrangian estimates using microdrifters• Numerical modelling of ocean circulationNumerical modelling of ocean circulation• Genetic differentiationGenetic differentiation• Statistical and dynamic modellingStatistical and dynamic modelling• Historical dataHistorical data• Juvenile between-habitat flux and dispersal Juvenile between-habitat flux and dispersal potential potential
• Mussels (model weak swimmers)Mussels (model weak swimmers)• Lobsters Lobsters • Other decapods (?)Other decapods (?)• CodCod• Other fish speciesOther fish species
www.osl.gc.ca/homard/en/schema-cycle-de-vie.html
1
2
3 4
5
Magnetically attractive particle release
Magnetic collector array in expected dispersion domainMagnetic collector array in expected dispersion domain
Apparatus, System and Method for Evaluating Fluid SystemsApparatus, System and Method for Evaluating Fluid SystemsC.T. Taggart & B.R. RuddickC.T. Taggart & B.R. Ruddick
Oceanography DepartmentOceanography Department
UNITED STATES and CANADAUNITED STATES and CANADA
Patent PendingPatent Pending
N p C(x0, t)dt0
T
• Collector integrates particles over time in space:Collector integrates particles over time in space:
• Model integrates “particles” over time in space:Model integrates “particles” over time in space:
COMPARECOMPARE
-58.0 -56.0 -54.0 -52.046.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
•Good science
•Ecosystem-based•management tools
•Metrics for MPA outcomes
•Data products
•Outreach products
Sources & Sinks
Ecosystem Health
New assessment methodologies
Disturbance models
Impact of oceanographicevents on recruitment
Metapopulation input to
management strategies
Biodiversity
Taxonomic baselines
Biology of critical speciesDefining critical habitat Products for
End Users
2008-2013
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