PE e-Learning GCA

Games Concept Approach

Games Concept Approach (GCA)There are 3 categories of GCA:Net / Wall TerritorialStriking / Fielding

What is a Net / Wall Game?It is a game in which an object, usually a ball

or a shuttlecock, is played across a barrier usually a net placed at a pre-determined height.

The idea is to play an object in such a way that the opponent on the opposing court cannot return the object successfully.

Common examples: badminton, table tennis, tennis, and volleyball.

Fundamental QuestionsAttackHow to create space for an attackHow to win a point

DefenceHow to defend spaceHow to defend against an attack

AttackCreating space for attack Place the object in an area on court that will

force your opponent to move into a position that will leave space for your next shot Create Open Space to gain an advantage over your opponent.

Attack – Creating SpaceManipulation of the opponent in his/her

own court Moving the opponent up and down the courtMoving the opponent to the left and right of

the courtSending the object to open space and away

from the opponent

Attack – Creating SpaceTo bring out these games concepts successfully, we can exaggerate the playing area and modify the rules.

Attack – Creating Space1. Example of an exaggerated playing area:

use of a long thin court to expose enough open spaces in the opponent’s court.

Conditions: restricted to underarm throws only. Move opponent up and down the court, send the ball to the front and back of opponent’s court.

By attacking the open spaces on the front and back of the opponent’s court, students are in control of the game.

Attack – Creating Space2. Space can also be created by moving the

opponent to the left and right of the court. Use a short and wide court

Attack – Creating Space3. Student will attack all the available open

spaces on opponent’s court, by applying the two concepts taught earlier.

Send the object to open spaces away from the opponent to gain an advantage over their opponent by controlling his or her movement on the court.

Attack – Creating SpaceSummary: Send an object to open space on the

opponent’s court to manipulate his or her movement.

The opponent cannot get to the object in time to return it or the opponent may be physically exhausted by moving round the court.

Attack – Winning a PointCapitalize the space created to win points in

a game. The most effective way to win points is to

attack any weak return shots that are high and near the net.

Attack – Winning a PointHowever in the event that the opportunity to launch a direct attack is not there, learn how to set up for an attack.

Apply the following 3 games concepts:1. Attacking any weak return shot that is high and near the net2. Setting up for an attack by sending the object fast and low to the back of opponent’s court3. Setting for an attack by sending object high for teammate to attack near the net in team games

Attack – Winning a PointUse a long thin court that will expose enough

movement areas at the front of the court. Condition: can only throw the ball

downwards across the net if they manage to catch any return balls above their heads.to stimulate an attacking action in an actual

game, and to allow students to discover that it is actually

easier to attack from the front of the court rather than from the back of it.

Attack – Winning a PointHow to create this advantageous situation: Change the pace of the game by sending the

object fast and low to the back of opponent’s court, making it difficult for him to react to it.

This allows you to attack weak return shots near the attacking zone.

Attack – Winning a PointIn team games, cooperation and teamwork

come into play. Send the object high to your teammate in the

front court for them to attack near the net. Conditions: only one pass allowed except on

service, and all underarm throws unless the ball is caught above the head in the attacking zones.

Applicable to team games with more than 2 players, e.g. volleyball, sepak takraw.

Defence – Defending Space2 defensive Game Concepts: Always return/move to the relative centre of

the court after returning the objectThe relative centre will be (estimated) centre

of the remaining open space (not covered by teammate) when teammate moves to return the object.

Defence – Defending SpaceIn any defensive move, return to the relative

centre of the court. Be in a position to cover all aspects of the court for the next shot. Conditions: only allow underarm throws, and

they must move back to the demarcated points before receiving the next ball.

E.g. mini tennis and pickleball the centre position will be nearer to the back of the court to make allowance for bounce of ball.

Defence – Defending Against an Attack

An eye for an eye!If opponent sends an object to open space

away from you, defend by sending object to open space away from opponent, rather than straight back.

Be aware of the position of opponent in opposing court. Return object to open space away from opponent!

Games ModificationsAimsMeet needs and abilities of students.Small sided games to make students more

active.

ExamplesHeight of netPlaying areaRules/conditions of game/boundariesScoring system introduced to increase

excitement or more no of players.

What is a Territorial Invasion Game?2 teams compete within an area that offers

opportunities for offensive and defensive play. Goal is to invade opponent’s territory to

score. Teams score by moving an object usually a

ball into another team’s territory and shoot into a fixed goal or moving the object across a line goal.

What is a Territorial Invasion Game?Ball carrier chooses between the options of

shooting dribbling or passing while the rest of the team players decide their positioning possibilities.

The opposing team must try to stop the team from bringing the ball into their territory and scoring.

Therefore decisions about who and where to guard are important.

What is a Territorial Invasion Game?Examples:Games with high goals: basketball, netballGames with low goals: handball soccer

hockey floorballGames with line goals: ultimate Frisbee,

rugby

Fundamental QuestionsAttackKeeping possession of the ballScoring: create shooting opportunityScoring: Attacking the goal

DefenceRegain possession of the ball Prevent scoring: deny shooting space

Attack – Keeping Possession of the BallTo win, need to score. To score, need to

have the ball. Achieved by applying the following Game

Concepts: If you are the ball carrier, pass ball to teammate

who is freeOr travel with ball to open space away from

defender (and then pass to free teammate)If your teammate has the ball, move to open

space away from defender to support the ball carrier (take the initiative) create passing lane

Attack – Keeping Possession of the BallHow?Set up simple ball possession games:

simplified uneven-sided game no high passes alloweddefenders must always move towards the ball

carrierattacking team scores every 6-7 consecutive

passes Allow ball carrier to move. BUT team

changes possession when defending player tags the player with both hands.

Attack - Scoring: Create shooting opportunityHow to score?For a line goal/target: create a passing lane

to the scoring zoneHigh goal: move the ball to the shooting

zone (close enough to the goal to shoot)Low goal: Create an open angle to shoot

(ball carrier draws 2 defenders towards him and pass to free teammate)

Attack - Scoring: Attack the GoalLine goal: pass ball with appropriate weight

for receiver to score at scoring zoneHigh goal: send ball with right trajectory

towards goalLow goal: send ball low and hard towards

goal

Defence – Regain Possession of BallAnticipate and intercept the passPressure and tackle the opponentE.g. rugby

Defence – Preventing Scoring: Deny Shooting SpaceLine goal: Stay close to target man & deny

the passing laneHigh goal: Stay goalside & pressure the

shooter when near the shooting goalLow goal: Stay goalside and cover the

shooting angle

What is Stay Goalside?Position yourself between attacker and the goalHigh goal: stay by goalside and move up to

attacker when he gets close to shoot. Low goal: defend goal by moving in right

direction. Shooting angles are formed based on the position of defender/goalkeeper in relation to the shooter and the goal.

good to move out towards shooter to narrow shooting angle.

What is a Striking / Fielding Game?2 teams of players:

one team will be striking or batting an object/implement

the other team will be fielding and throwing the object to the bases

Examples: Rounders, Tee-Ball, Softball, Baseball, Cricket.

What is a Striking / Fielding Game?For batting team

main goal is to score more runs than opponents by hitting and placing the object in such a way that its players can run the bases.

Generally a run is scored when batter gets all the way round the bases and return to the home base without getting out by the fielding team.

For fielding team main goal is to get the batters out

Fundamental QuestionsAttackGet on first baseGet on bases beyond first baseAid runners to move to next base

DefenceDefend spaceDefend bases

Modifications to the GameNo of bases (2 to 4)Batting implement: racquet, ball Size of objectWhere object is pitchedNo of players (5 to 6)Playing area (triangle, square) Scoring

Attack – Getting on First BaseHOW and WHERETo hit the object in order to get on first base

hit the object low and hard into open space, away from first base

E.g. In softball games with 4 bases, where should batter hit to? Left towards third base

Hitting into open space will create time and space for him/her to get on the first base successfully, as the defenders will be drawn away temporarily towards the hit.

Attack – Getting on Bases beyond First BaseWith a single hit.

necessary in situations where only one batter is left and no runners on bases, and he needs to score home run

hit object hard and far into open space beyond infield! Away from the base he is targeting to run.

Attack – Aiding Runners to Move to Next BaseIf there is a runner on any of the bases,

how and where should you hit the object to?hit object hard and far into open space, away

from base runner intends to run to.

Defence – Defending SpacePosition fielders to defend space where

the batter (most probably) intends to hit to. create differentiated point zones for batter to

hit towards to. Move to field object if object is hit to

fielder’s area

Defence – Defending BasesField and throw the object to first base

(immediately!)Field and throw object to nearest base to

which a batter or runner is running to.