PERCEPTIONS OF CARBON PRICING IN...

PERCEPTIONS OF CARBON PRICING IN CANADAA SURVEY OF 2250 CANADIANS

FEB 2018

Online survey

Survey was conducted online with Canadians aged 18 and over. A random sample of panelists were invited to complete the survey from a set of partner panels based

on the Lucid exchange platform.

Sample Size

2,250 CanadiansMargin of error for a comparable probability-based

random sample of the same size is +/- 2.1%, 19 times out of 20.

Field dates February 9th to 15th, 2018

Statistical WeightingData was weighted according to census data to ensure

that the sample matched Canada's population according to age, gender, educational attainment, and region.

METHODOLOGY

KEY FINDINGS

LARGE MAJORITY WANT A TRANSITION TO A LOW CARBON ECONOMY, BUT WITH CARE TO MANAGE IMPACTS .

• This goal is broadly embraced, including in Alberta.

• The caution about the pace of ambition is clear, and not only in Alberta. Most people believe we should continue to develop oil and gas resources while transitioning.

• Most Canadians believe climate change is happening, is caused by human behaviour. While 75% say action on climate change should be a high priority, it trails a range of other economic and social issues in terms of perceived urgency.

• 60% want governments to take more action to combat climate change. Only 16% want less action, but this number has doubled in three years.

• Most Canadians prefer regulations and subsidies to carbon pricing, but also prefer carbon pricing to doing nothing at all.

FAMILIARITY WITH CARBON PRICING REMAINS LIMITED YET SUPPORT HAS GROWN SINCE 2015.

• Less than half feel familiar with carbon pricing. This hasn’t changed much in three years - the discussion is still largely an elite level discussion.

• People have vague, but directionally accurate ideas of the purpose of a carbon price. Most people are supportive or open to the idea of a carbon price, support is up 7 points over 3 years.

• Majorities in Quebec, Ontario and BC do not know that there is a carbon price in their province.

• Majorities in those provinces planning to have a carbon price do not know that this is the plan.

PERCEIVED IMPACT OF CARBON PRICING

• 47% think it might only cause the cost of living to go up without changing energy use. But when probed on a series of possible specific reactions large majorities think behaviour would occur.

• Few perceive negative impacts from carbon pricing in those provinces where it is in place. But conviction that it has had really positive effects is also limited.

• In many cases the plurality say they have seen no real impact.

• Carbon pricing can gain more votes than it can lose. 37% prefer to vote for a candidate who promises to price carbon compared to 26% who prefer a candidate opposed to a price on carbon. 37% said it would have no impact on their vote.

VIEWS ON CLIMATE CHANGE

MOST WANT CLIMATE ACTION, BUT IT IS NOT A DOMINANT ISSUE COMPARED TO OTHER PRIORITIES.

• Most Canadians believe climate change is happening and is caused by human behaviour.

• While 75% say action on climate change should be a high priority, it trails a range of other economic and social issues in terms of perceived urgency.

IS THE EARTH WARMING?

28%

33%

27%

6% 5%

Conclusive evidence Solid evidence Some but not conclusiveevidence

Little evidence No evidence

In your view, is there conclusive evidence, solid evidence, some but not conclusive evidence, little evidence, or no evidence that the average temperature on earth has been getting warmer over the past few decades, or not?

11% NO61% YES

IS THE EARTH WARMING?

In your view, is there conclusive evidence, solid evidence, some but not conclusive evidence, little evidence, or no evidence that the average temperature on earth has been getting warmer over the past few decades, or not?

28%

27%

30%

35%

25%

28%

28%

32%

23%

24%

25%

33%

37%

33%

35%

31%

30%

33%

35%

33%

37%

29%

29%

32%

37%

31%

27%

25%

29%

22%

30%

26%

29%

23%

33%

35%

29%

21%

26%

6%

7%

6%

7%

6%

7%

6%

5%

11%

6%

6%

6%

3%

5%

6%

5%

7%

7%

4%

4%

3%

5%

7%

8%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Conclusive evidence Solid evidenceSome but not conclusive evidence Little evidenceNo evidence

SEX

28%

49%

27%

16%

39%

16%

27%

47%

41%

24%

27%

35%

33%

27%

35%

19%

36%

29%

36%

23%

35%

32%

33%

34%

27%

18%

28%

28%

20%

37%

20%

26%

15%

32%

27%

21%

6%

2%

6%

16%

3%

10%

11%

2%

4%

6%

8%

5%

5%

4%

4%

20%

2%

9%

7%

2%

5%

6%

5%

5%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

GLOBAL WARMING TRACKING

In your view, is there conclusive evidence, solid evidence, some but not conclusive evidence, little evidence, or no evidence that the average temperature on earth has been getting warmer over the past few decades, or not?

29%

28%

36%

33%

26%

27%

6%

6%

3%

5%

Sept 2015

>

Feb 2018

Conclusive evidence Solid evidence Some but no conclusive evidence Little evidence No evidence

65%

61%

WHY IS THE EARTH WARMING?

70%30%

Because of human andindustrial activity such asburning fossil fuels

Because of natural patterns in the earth’s environment

If the earth is warming, do you believe that cause is mostly…?

WHY IS THE EARTH WARMING?

If the earth is warming, do you believe that cause is mostly…?

70%

66%

74%

78%

67%

70%

68%

72%

54%

64%

68%

82%

73%

30%

34%

26%

22%

33%

30%

32%

28%

46%

36%

32%

18%

27%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Because of human and industrial activity such as burning fossil fuelsBecause of natural patterns in the earth’s environment

SEX

70%

79%

72%

41%

80%

42%

74%

76%

89%

71%

68%

72%

30%

21%

28%

59%

20%

58%

26%

24%

11%

29%

32%

28%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

WHY IS THE EARTH WARMING? 2015 VS. 2018

Some governments have discussed or implemented a price or a charge on carbon as a way of reducing emissions. Would you say you are …?

71%

29%

70%

30%

Because of human activity such as burningfossil fuels

Because of natural patterns in the earth'senvironment

Sept 2015 Jan 2018

75%PUBLIC POLICY PRIORITIES

Below is a list of possible public policy priorities. How much of a priority do you feel each one should be?

46%

37%

27%

35%

31%

32%

22%

24%

28%

22%

26%

21%

20%

21%

31%

30%

37%

30%

30%

28%

32%

32%

26%

28%

23%

26%

24%

26%

18%

23%

26%

25%

26%

27%

32%

28%

26%

30%

28%

29%

30%

27%

5%

8%

8%

8%

10%

12%

12%

14%

15%

16%

16%

18%

19%

18%

0%

1%

1%

1%

2%

2%

1%

2%

5%

4%

7%

6%

5%

9%

Improving health care

Controlling government spending, deficits and debts

Helping stimulate the creation of good quality jobs

Keeping the cost of living from rising

Reducing poverty and income inequality

Ensuring housing is affordable

Expanding trading opportunities for Canadian goods and services

Attracting investment into Canada

Cutting taxes

Improving the state of the environment

Combating terrorism

Shifting our economy to a clean energy economy

Ensuring childcare is affordable

Taking action to solve climate change

A top priority A very high priority A high priority A moderate priority A low priority

50%

ENVIRONMENT/CLIMATE POLICY PRIORITIES

Below is a list of possible public policy priorities. How much of a priority do you feel each one should be?

22%

21%

21%

28%

26%

26%

30%

29%

27%

16%

18%

18%

4%

6%

9%

Improving the state of the environment

Shifting our economy to a clean energyeconomy

Taking action to solve climate change

A top priority A very high priority A high priority A moderate priority A low priority

50%

80%

76%

73%

% who say it’s at least a “high priority”

PUBLIC POLICY PRIORITIES: IMPROVING THE STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT

Below is a list of possible public policy priorities. How much of a priority do you feel each one should be?

22%

19%

25%

34%

20%

20%

17%

18%

14%

19%

22%

27%

28%

28%

28%

29%

29%

27%

30%

28%

32%

27%

24%

28%

29%

29%

30%

32%

27%

26%

30%

29%

32%

32%

30%

31%

27%

32%

27%

16%

17%

16%

8%

19%

17%

20%

16%

23%

20%

19%

10%

12%

4%

4%

3%

3%

4%

4%

3%

2%

6%

6%

4%

2%

4%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

A top priority A very high priority A high priorityA moderate priority A low priority

SEX

22%

42%

20%

12%

25%

11%

23%

38%

9%

22%

22%

22%

28%

22%

30%

17%

33%

21%

27%

31%

42%

29%

29%

27%

30%

24%

30%

33%

25%

32%

29%

23%

40%

30%

28%

31%

16%

9%

17%

23%

14%

27%

17%

8%

6%

17%

17%

16%

4%

3%

3%

15%

2%

9%

4%

1%

4%

3%

4%

4%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

PUBLIC POLICY PRIORITIES: TAKING ACTION TO SOLVE CLIMATE CHANGE

Below is a list of possible public policy priorities. How much of a priority do you feel each one should be?

21%

19%

23%

29%

20%

18%

19%

16%

13%

19%

22%

25%

28%

26%

25%

27%

25%

27%

26%

25%

32%

22%

19%

24%

30%

25%

27%

28%

26%

24%

26%

27%

29%

30%

25%

25%

24%

31%

26%

18%

18%

18%

15%

18%

19%

18%

17%

24%

23%

19%

12%

15%

9%

11%

7%

6%

9%

9%

10%

5%

16%

13%

11%

3%

6%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

A top priority A very high priority A high priorityA moderate priority A low priority

SEX

21%

40%

19%

12%

24%

10%

23%

41%

4%

20%

23%

20%

26%

21%

28%

13%

31%

17%

20%

28%

42%

29%

24%

26%

27%

21%

28%

22%

25%

25%

33%

10%

36%

28%

25%

28%

18%

13%

18%

16%

16%

27%

18%

10%

9%

15%

20%

18%

9%

5%

6%

36%

4%

22%

7%

11%

9%

9%

9%

8%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

PUBLIC POLICY PRIORITIES: SHIFTING OUR ECONOMY TO A CLEAN ENERGY ECONOMY

Below is a list of possible public policy priorities. How much of a priority do you feel each one should be?

21%

19%

23%

32%

19%

19%

17%

22%

13%

15%

20%

26%

26%

26%

26%

27%

24%

28%

28%

25%

28%

22%

23%

25%

32%

22%

29%

29%

29%

23%

31%

30%

31%

31%

28%

30%

28%

29%

31%

18%

19%

17%

16%

17%

16%

21%

14%

27%

24%

19%

12%

16%

6%

8%

5%

6%

5%

7%

6%

5%

9%

7%

9%

2%

4%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

A top priority A very high priority A high priorityA moderate priority A low priority

SEX

21%

35%

20%

16%

22%

11%

19%

45%

6%

23%

21%

18%

26%

30%

27%

18%

31%

16%

24%

22%

65%

26%

28%

25%

29%

22%

31%

19%

29%

25%

34%

27%

4%

29%

26%

32%

18%

8%

18%

25%

14%

31%

20%

5%

16%

17%

19%

16%

6%

4%

5%

21%

4%

17%

3%

1%

9%

4%

6%

9%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

SEGMENTATION ON VIEWS TOWARDS CLIMATE CHANGE

CLIMATE CHANGE SEGMENTS• In an effort to simplify analysis, we conducted a segmentation analysis that modeled

responses to four questions:• Level of priority for governments to take action on climate change• Evidence that climate change is happening• Whether climate change is man-made or natural• The ranking of “doing nothing” to deal with climate change.

• The statistical analysis produced 3 groups with members more similar to each other.• 42% are what we term “Climate Believers”. They believe there is conclusive evidence that

climate change is happening, think its man-made, and are more likely to think government action on the problem should be a top or very high priority.

• 47% are what we term “Climate Leaners”. They believe there is clear evidence that climate change is happening but only two-thirds believes its caused by man-made actions. Despite aligning closely with Believers on the existence and cause of climate change, they are less likely to prioritize government action. They are more concerned about other issues.

• 11% are what we term “Climate Laggards”. They do not believe there is clear evidence that climate change is happening, most think it’s naturally caused, and most want government to do nothing to solve it.

SEGMENTSBELIEVERS LEANERS LAGGARDS

42% 47% 11%Taking action to solve climate change

Top/Very High Priority 83% 24% 7%

Would like to see governments put more emphasis on climate action 88% 47% 6%

Rank Carbon Pricing in Top 2 of ways to reduce emissions 47% 39% 21%

Carbon pricing is a very good/good idea 66% 34% 15%

Very/Pretty Familiar with Carbon Pricing 49% 34% 46%

Possible to price emissions without hurting economy (Certain/Very Likely/Likely) 74% 59% 28%

Conclusive or solid evidence climate change is happening 100% 41% 10%

Regional QC (+5), AB (-4), SK/MB (-1) Even regional distribution AB (+10), SK/MB (+3), QC (-12)

Gender Male 46% | Female 54% Male 50% | Female 50% Male 59% | Female 41%

Age Highest concentration of under 30 Equal age distribution Only 14% are under 30

Current Federal Vote LPC 46% | CPC 17% | NDP 20% LPC 31% | CPC 37% | NDP 21% LPC 13% | CPC 63% | NDP 14%

Past Federal Vote LPC 54% | CPC 19% | NDP 18% LPC 36% | CPC 37% | NDP 21% LPC 19% | CPC 62% | NDP 15%

PRIORITY: TAKING ACTION ON CLIMTE CHANGE

Below is a list of possible public policy priorities. How much of a priority do you feel each one should be?

47%

16%

8%

28%

11%

2%

18%

36%

14%

4%

36%

21%

2%

1%

55%

Believers

Leaners

Laggards

A top priority A very high priority A high priority A moderate priority A low priority

50%

92%

63%

24%

% who say it’s at least a “high priority”

EVIDENCE THE EARTH IS WARMING

In your view, is there conclusive evidence, solid evidence, some but not conclusive evidence, little evidence, or no evidence that the average temperature on earth has been getting warmer over the past few decades, or not?

78%

6%

22%

45%

8%

48%

41%

6%

29% 17%

Believers

Leaners

Laggards

Conclusive evidence Solid evidence Some but not conclusive evidence Little evidence No evidence

50%

CAUSE OF CLIMATE CHANGE

If the earth is warming, do you believe that cause is mostly

97%

53%

17%

3%

47%

83%

Believers

Leaners

Laggards

Because of human and industrial activity such as burning fossil fuels Because of natural patterns in the earth’s environment

50%

GOVERNMENTS SHOULD “DO NOTHING” TO REDUCE EMISSIONS

Do nothing to encourage emissions reductions :Rank the following choices for how you would prefer governments use policy to reduce emissions?

45%

4%

5%

20%

9%

20%

11%

87%

74%

25%

Believers

Leaners

Laggards

1 2 3 4

50%

CLIMATE CHANGE POPULATION SEGMENTSDISTRIBUTION BY GROUP

Below is a list of possible public policy priorities. How much of a priority do you feel each one should be?

42%

39%

44%

49%

36%

40%

42%

44%

29%

34%

39%

51%

48%

47%

48%

47%

42%

50%

49%

46%

49%

49%

49%

48%

43%

43%

11%

14%

9%

9%

13%

11%

12%

7%

22%

16%

13%

5%

8%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Believers Leaners Laggards

SEX

42%

56%

40%

24%

54%

22%

40%

56%

57%

40%

41%

44%

47%

39%

51%

49%

40%

53%

51%

37%

38%

48%

48%

45%

11%

6%

9%

27%

5%

25%

9%

7%

5%

12%

12%

10%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

GOVERNMENT ACTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE

BY A FACTOR OF 4:1 PEOPLE PREFER MORE GOVERNMENT ACTION TO LESS GOVERNMENT ACTION ON CLIMATE.

• 60% want governments to take more action to combat climate change. Only 16% want less action, but this number has doubled in three years.

• The plurality of Alberta voters (46%) want more action.Conservatives are evenly split.

GOVERNMENT EMPHASIS ON EMISSION REDUCTIONS

60%

16%

24%

More emphasis

Less emphasis

Do nothing different from whatis currently being done

Generally speaking, how would you like to see governments in Canada emphasize policies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions?

GOVERNMENT EMPHASIS ON EMISSION REDUCTIONSSINCE 2015

Generally speaking, how would you like to see governments in Canada emphasize policies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions?

69%

56%

60%

23%

31%

24%

8%

13%

16%

Sept 2015

March 2016

February 2018

More emphasis Do nothing different from what is currently being done Less emphasis

Enthusiasm for more action to reduce emissions has not waned much since before the 2015 Federal Election and is up slightly since March 2016.

GOVERNMENT EMPHASIS ON EMISSION REDUCTIONSBY FAMILIARITY WITH CARBON PRICING

Generally speaking, how would you like to see governments in Canada emphasize policies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions?

60%

61%

55%

21%

13%

11%

18%

26%

33%

Familiar

Heard about it, don'tunderstand

Unaware

More emphasis Do nothing different from what is currently being done Less emphasis

GOVERNMENT EMPHASIS ON EMISSION REDUCTIONS

Generally speaking, how would you like to see governments in Canada emphasize policies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions?

60%

54%

65%

71%

53%

57%

60%

65%

46%

56%

57%

66%

69%

24%

27%

22%

19%

27%

26%

24%

23%

27%

25%

26%

22%

21%

16%

20%

12%

10%

20%

17%

16%

12%

27%

19%

17%

13%

10%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

More emphasis Do nothing different from what is currently being done Less emphasis

SEX

60%

73%

60%

37%

70%

33%

59%

67%

74%

61%

57%

61%

24%

13%

26%

25%

22%

31%

33%

18%

15%

25%

24%

24%

16%

14%

14%

38%

8%

36%

7%

15%

11%

14%

19%

15%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

GENERALLY PEOPLE GRAVITATE TOWARDS REGULATION AND SUBSIDY OVER TAXATION AS A CLIMATE SOLUTION.

• Carbon pricing ranks third among these alternative policy approaches.

• But by far the least popular idea is “do nothing.”

RANKING EMISSION REDUCTION POLICIES

Rank the following choices for how you would prefer governments use policy to reduce emissions.

44%

35%

13%

7%

31%

35%

27%

7%

19%

24%

45%

11%

5%

6%

14%

74%

Rules and regulations that require emissions reductions in specific waysor in specific sectors

Subsidies to encourage the adoption of low-carbon technologies

Carbon pricing uses the market to shift behaviour and the broadereconomy

Do nothing to encourage emissions reductions

First Second Third Fourth

75%

70%

58%

53%

RANKED IN TOP 2

RANKING EMISSION REDUCTION POLICIESRULES AND REGULATIONS

Rank the following choices for how you would prefer governments use policy to reduce emissions.

44%

42%

46%

43%

38%

49%

46%

52%

40%

47%

42%

41%

55%

31%

31%

31%

34%

31%

28%

31%

31%

33%

30%

31%

32%

27%

19%

20%

19%

19%

22%

17%

19%

15%

20%

17%

20%

23%

12%

5%

7%

4%

4%

8%

6%

3%

1%

7%

5%

7%

3%

5%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

1 2 3 4

SEX

44%

46%

45%

36%

46%

43%

54%

34%

46%

44%

48%

39%

31%

28%

31%

37%

30%

33%

27%

43%

31%

31%

30%

32%

19%

19%

19%

21%

19%

19%

14%

21%

23%

19%

17%

23%

5%

6%

5%

6%

3%

6%

5%

1%

0%

6%

4%

6%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

RANKING EMISSION REDUCTION POLICIES: LOW-CARBON TECHNOLOGY SUBSIDIES

Rank the following choices for how you would prefer governments use policy to reduce emissions.

35%

32%

37%

37%

36%

32%

33%

31%

38%

31%

36%

35%

28%

35%

34%

37%

31%

32%

37%

40%

34%

38%

41%

35%

32%

39%

24%

26%

22%

23%

23%

26%

24%

27%

16%

21%

25%

26%

26%

6%

7%

4%

9%

8%

5%

2%

7%

8%

6%

4%

7%

6%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

1 2 3 4

SEX

35%

31%

36%

26%

35%

34%

26%

35%

41%

38%

32%

34%

35%

40%

35%

31%

38%

38%

38%

35%

36%

33%

37%

35%

24%

24%

24%

26%

24%

20%

31%

22%

23%

24%

24%

25%

6%

5%

5%

17%

3%

7%

4%

8%

0%

5%

6%

6%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

RANKING EMISSION REDUCTION POLICIES: CARBON PRICING

Rank the following choices for how you would prefer governments use policy to reduce emissions.

13%

16%

11%

14%

15%

11%

14%

11%

9%

11%

12%

20%

10%

27%

28%

26%

25%

28%

30%

24%

27%

20%

21%

28%

29%

29%

45%

41%

49%

46%

40%

47%

47%

50%

50%

49%

42%

42%

50%

14%

15%

13%

15%

16%

12%

14%

12%

20%

18%

18%

7%

10%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

1 2 3 4

SEX

13%

17%

13%

10%

15%

7%

14%

25%

13%

11%

11%

19%

27%

27%

28%

20%

27%

21%

30%

17%

33%

28%

27%

25%

45%

47%

45%

40%

50%

44%

48%

46%

48%

47%

47%

41%

14%

9%

13%

29%

8%

28%

9%

11%

5%

14%

15%

14%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

RANKING EMISSION REDUCTION POLICIESDO NOTHING

Rank the following choices for how you would prefer governments use policy to reduce emissions.

7%

9%

6%

7%

11%

7%

5%

5%

12%

9%

9%

4%

6%

7%

8%

6%

10%

9%

5%

5%

8%

9%

8%

6%

6%

4%

11%

13%

10%

11%

14%

11%

9%

7%

15%

12%

13%

9%

11%

74%

70%

78%

72%

66%

77%

80%

80%

64%

70%

71%

81%

79%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

1 2 3 4

SEX

7%

5%

6%

27%

4%

15%

6%

5%

0%

7%

8%

8%

7%

5%

6%

12%

4%

8%

5%

5%

0%

8%

5%

8%

11%

11%

11%

13%

7%

16%

7%

11%

5%

10%

13%

11%

74%

79%

76%

48%

85%

60%

81%

79%

95%

75%

74%

73%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

MORAL IMPERATIVE IS THE #1 RANKED REASON TO ACT, BUT ECONOMIC ARGUMENTS ALSO MATTER.

• 36% say they are most motivated by the moral imperative, led by women and NDP voters.

• However 64% said one of three economic arguments was most compelling (opportunities in transition, staying competitive with clean growth trend, cost of weather disasters)

REASON TO ACT

Rank the following reasons to do more to combat climate change from most important to least important to you.

36%

24%

20%

20%

22%

29%

29%

19%

21%

29%

27%

23%

20%

17%

24%

38%

We have a moral responsibility to pass on a planet that is safe and healthto the next generation

Fighting climate change by shifting to more efficient energy use andclean technologies will bring new economic opportunities for Canadians.

The strongest economies in the future will be those that transition to using more renewable energy, and Canada shouldn’t fall behind

Weather disasters (floods, hurricanes, wildfires) have become a financialdisaster we must do more to try to avoid

First Second Third Fourth

58%

53%

49%

39%

RANKED IN TOP 2

REASONS TO ACT: MORAL RESPONSIBILITY

Rank the following reasons to do more to combat climate change from most important to least important to you.

36%

32%

40%

39%

32%

39%

35%

34%

38%

38%

34%

38%

39%

22%

23%

21%

24%

21%

21%

23%

21%

20%

23%

26%

17%

20%

21%

23%

19%

20%

26%

19%

19%

25%

21%

20%

21%

20%

20%

20%

22%

19%

18%

21%

20%

22%

20%

20%

19%

19%

24%

20%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

1 2 3 4

SEX

36%

40%

35%

40%

35%

31%

45%

37%

22%

40%

37%

31%

22%

26%

22%

20%

21%

23%

21%

14%

31%

23%

21%

22%

21%

20%

21%

22%

20%

26%

11%

24%

27%

19%

21%

24%

20%

14%

22%

18%

24%

19%

24%

25%

14%

17%

21%

23%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

REASONS TO ACT: SHIFTING TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND CLEAN TECH

Rank the following reasons to do more to combat climate change from most important to least important to you.

24%

25%

23%

23%

23%

24%

25%

24%

19%

28%

25%

23%

24%

29%

31%

27%

24%

30%

32%

30%

32%

32%

30%

28%

27%

29%

29%

27%

32%

33%

25%

29%

32%

30%

30%

25%

26%

35%

30%

17%

17%

17%

21%

21%

16%

13%

14%

19%

17%

20%

15%

17%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

1 2 3 4

SEX

24%

21%

25%

20%

27%

23%

20%

38%

9%

21%

25%

25%

29%

29%

29%

30%

31%

25%

34%

21%

30%

29%

29%

29%

29%

31%

29%

30%

26%

31%

34%

19%

42%

30%

29%

30%

17%

19%

17%

18%

15%

20%

12%

22%

19%

19%

16%

16%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

REASONS TO ACT:TRANSITION TO MORE RENEWABLES OR FALL BEHIND ECONOMICALLY

Rank the following reasons to do more to combat climate change from most important to least important to you.

20%

22%

18%

19%

24%

19%

18%

22%

23%

19%

21%

16%

20%

29%

29%

30%

30%

28%

29%

30%

30%

29%

28%

27%

34%

25%

27%

26%

27%

24%

27%

29%

27%

25%

23%

32%

28%

25%

29%

24%

23%

24%

26%

22%

23%

25%

24%

25%

22%

24%

24%

26%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

1 2 3 4

SEX

20%

17%

20%

23%

19%

25%

16%

13%

27%

17%

20%

22%

29%

27%

29%

30%

28%

28%

29%

44%

29%

27%

31%

29%

27%

30%

27%

22%

29%

26%

29%

30%

11%

30%

26%

24%

24%

26%

24%

25%

23%

21%

25%

13%

33%

25%

22%

24%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

REASONS TO ACT: WEATHER DISASTERS ARE COSTLY

Rank the following reasons to do more to combat climate change from most important to least important to you.

20%

21%

19%

19%

20%

18%

21%

20%

19%

14%

20%

22%

17%

19%

17%

22%

21%

22%

19%

17%

17%

19%

20%

18%

21%

25%

23%

24%

21%

24%

21%

23%

22%

20%

26%

23%

24%

20%

20%

38%

38%

39%

35%

37%

40%

39%

42%

36%

43%

37%

37%

37%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

1 2 3 4

SEX

20%

22%

20%

16%

19%

20%

19%

12%

35%

21%

17%

22%

19%

19%

20%

19%

20%

23%

16%

22%

10%

21%

18%

20%

23%

19%

23%

25%

24%

17%

25%

26%

21%

20%

25%

22%

38%

40%

38%

39%

38%

39%

39%

40%

34%

38%

40%

36%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

TRANSITIONING TO A LOW CARBON ECONOMY

LARGE MAJORITY WANT A TRANSITION TO A LOW CARBON ECONOMY, BUT WITH CARE TO MANAGE IMPACTS .

• This goal is broadly embraced, including in Alberta.

• The caution about the pace of ambition is clear, and not only in Alberta. Most people believe we should continue to develop oil and gas resources while transitioning.

IS A TRANSITION TO A LOW CARBON ECONOMY A GOOD OR BAD GOAL?

84%

16%

Good goal

Bad goal

In general, do you think a transition to a low-carbon economy (which uses less energy and more renewable forms of energy) is generally a good goal for Canada, a bad goal?

82%

18%

Good goal

Bad goal

How about for your province?

IS A TRANSITION TO A LOW CARBON ECONOMY A GOOD OR BAD GOAL?BY CLIMATE SEGMENTATION

In general, do you think a transition to a low-carbon economy (which uses less energy and more renewable forms of energy) is generally a good goal for Canada, a bad goal?

93%

87%

57%

7%

13%

43%

Believers

Leaners

Laggards

Good goal Bad goal

IS A TRANSITION TO A LOW CARBON ECONOMY A GOOD OR BAD GOAL FOR CANADA?

In general, do you think a transition to a low-carbon economy (which uses less energy and more renewable forms of energy) is generally a good goal for Canada, a bad goal?

84%

80%

87%

83%

82%

84%

85%

92%

78%

83%

81%

86%

88%

16%

20%

13%

17%

18%

16%

15%

8%

22%

17%

19%

14%

12%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Good goal Bad goal

SEX

84%

83%

86%

63%

92%

70%

86%

95%

88%

84%

84%

83%

16%

17%

14%

37%

8%

30%

14%

5%

12%

16%

16%

17%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

GOOD/BAD GOAL FOR YOUR PROVINCE?

How about for your province?

82%

78%

85%

81%

79%

84%

83%

91%

68%

80%

79%

87%

83%

18%

22%

15%

19%

21%

16%

17%

9%

32%

20%

21%

13%

17%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Good goal Bad goal

SEX

82%

86%

84%

58%

90%

64%

84%

95%

84%

82%

81%

83%

18%

14%

16%

42%

10%

36%

16%

5%

16%

18%

19%

17%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

IS A LOW-CARBON ECONOMY ACHIEVABLE?

73%

27%

Achievable

Unachievable

Do you think a transition to a low-carbon economy is generally achievable or unachievable for Canada?

IS A LOW-CARBON ECONOMY ACHIEVABLE?

Do you think a transition to a low-carbon economy is generally achievable or unachievable for Canada?

73%

70%

76%

76%

72%

74%

70%

75%

61%

70%

74%

75%

79%

27%

30%

24%

24%

28%

26%

30%

25%

39%

30%

26%

25%

21%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Achievable Unachievable

SEX

73%

83%

74%

47%

83%

56%

74%

79%

80%

72%

71%

77%

27%

17%

26%

53%

17%

44%

26%

21%

20%

28%

29%

23%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

AGGRESSIVE OR MANAGED TRANSITION?

75%

25%

It is important to manage this transition inways that are careful to not to drive up thecost of living too much or cost too manyjobs even if that means we take longer toreduce emissions

The climate problem is so severe that weneed to act aggressively even if the impactson jobs and the cost of living are greater

Some say that it is important to manage this transition in ways that are careful to not to drive up the cost of living too much or cost too many jobs even if that means we take longer to reduce emissions. Others say that the climate problem is so severe that we need to act aggressively even if the impacts on jobs and the cost of living are greater. Which is closer to your view?

AGGRESSIVE OR MANAGED TRANSITION?BY CLIMATE SEGMENTATION

Some say that it is important to manage this transition in ways that are careful to not to drive up the cost of living too much or cost too many jobs even if that means we take longer to reduce emissions. Others say that the climate problem is so severe that we need to act aggressively even if the impacts on jobs and the cost of living are greater. Which is closer to your view?

61%

82%

87%

39%

18%

13%

Believers

Leaners

Laggards

It is important to manage this transition in ways that are careful to not to drive up the cost of living too much or cost toomany jobs even if that means we take longer to reduce emissions

The climate problem is so severe that we need to act aggressively even if the impacts on jobs and the cost of living aregreater

AGGRESSIVE OR MANAGED TRANSITION?

Some say that it is important to manage this transition in ways that are careful to not to drive up the cost of living too much or cost too many jobs even if that means we take longer to reduce emissions. Others say that the climate problem is so severe that we need to act aggressively even if the impacts on jobs and the cost of living are greater. Which is closer to your view?

75%

74%

76%

65%

73%

77%

82%

71%

81%

82%

79%

67%

76%

25%

26%

24%

35%

27%

23%

18%

29%

19%

18%

21%

33%

24%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

It is important to manage this transition

The climate problem is so severe that we need to act aggressively

SEX

75%

62%

77%

77%

74%

89%

75%

68%

76%

73%

79%

74%

25%

38%

23%

23%

26%

11%

25%

32%

24%

27%

21%

26%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

DEVELOP OR STOP RESOURCE ECONOMY?

60%

40%

Canada should continue to develop itsoil and gas resources and get them tomarkets while we are using carbonpricing and other measures to transitionto a lower carbon future

We need to take measures to greatlyslow or stop development andtransmission of oil and gas in Canada, inorder to meet our emissions reductionstargets

Some say that Canada should continue to develop its oil and gas resources and get them to markets while we are using carbon pricing and other measures to transition to a lower carbon future. Others say that we need to take measures to greatly slow or stop development and transmission of oil and gas in Canada, in order to meet our emissions reductions targets. Which view is closer to yours?

DEVELOP OR STOP RESOURCE ECONOMY?

Some say that Canada should continue to develop its oil and gas resources and get them to markets while we are using carbon pricing and other measures to transition to a lower carbon future. Others say that we need to take measures to greatly slow or stop development and transmission of oil and gas in Canada, in order to meet our emissions reductions targets. Which view is closer to yours?

60%

62%

58%

44%

56%

66%

68%

55%

80%

66%

62%

47%

59%

40%

38%

42%

56%

44%

34%

32%

45%

20%

34%

38%

53%

41%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Canada should continue to develop its oil and gas resources

We need to take measures to greatly slow or stop development

SEX

60%

42%

60%

77%

61%

80%

55%

25%

45%

59%

60%

61%

40%

58%

40%

23%

39%

20%

45%

75%

55%

41%

40%

39%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

CARBON PRICING

FAMILIARITY WITH CARBON PRICING REMAINS LIMITED YET SUPPORT IS GROWING.

• Less than half feel familiar with carbon pricing. This hasn’t changed much in three years - the discussion is still largely an elite level discussion.

• People have vague, but directionally accurate ideas of the purpose of a carbon price. Most people are supportive or open to the idea of a carbon price, support is up 7 points over 3 years.

FAMILIARITY WITH CARBON PRICING

10%

32%

40%

12%

6%

Very familiar Pretty familiar Heard about it but don’t really understand it

Know almost nothing about it Never heard of it

Some governments have discussed or implemented a price or a charge on carbon as a way of reducing emissions. Would you say you are …?

18% UNFAMILIAR42% FAMILIAR

FAMILIARITY WITH CARBON PRICING TRACKING

Some governments have discussed or implemented a price or a charge on carbon as a way of reducing emissions. Would you say you are …?

8%

6%

10%

28%

29%

32%

41%

44%

40%

14%

16%

12%

9%

5%

6%

Sept 2015

March 2016

Feb 2018

Very familiar Pretty familiar Heard about it but don’treally understand it

Know almost nothing about it Never heard of it

36% 23%

35% 21%

42% 18%

FAMILIAR UNAWARE

FAMILIARITY WITH CARBON PRICING

Some governments have discussed or implemented a price or a charge on carbon as a way of reducing emissions. Would you say you are …?

10%

13%

7%

13%

11%

9%

8%

12%

22%

10%

8%

6%

9%

32%

36%

27%

29%

27%

31%

38%

32%

40%

31%

31%

29%

28%

40%

38%

42%

33%

40%

42%

42%

41%

30%

45%

43%

36%

45%

12%

8%

16%

14%

15%

13%

8%

9%

6%

10%

10%

22%

13%

6%

5%

8%

11%

7%

4%

4%

5%

3%

4%

7%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Very familiar Pretty familiarHeard about it but don’t really understand it Know almost nothing about itNever heard of it

SEX

10%

12%

9%

22%

10%

17%

9%

8%

10%

7%

11%

12%

32%

33%

31%

37%

38%

40%

30%

36%

23%

24%

33%

38%

40%

40%

41%

29%

39%

34%

41%

38%

51%

45%

38%

37%

12%

10%

13%

7%

9%

5%

12%

13%

16%

13%

13%

10%

6%

6%

6%

5%

4%

3%

7%

5%

0%

11%

5%

4%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

KNOWLEDGE OF PROVINCIAL POLICY

32%

21%

6%

41%

My province already has a carbonprice in place

My provincial government isplanning on doing so

My provincial government is notplanning on doing so

Unsure what the situation is in myprovince

To the best of your knowledge has the provincial government in your province put a carbon price in place already, is planning ondoing so, or is not planning on doing so?

A plurality of Canadians don’t know what approach their province is taking on carbon pricing.

KNOWLEDGE OF PROVINCIAL PRICING POLICY

To the best of your knowledge has the provincial government in your province put a carbon price in place already, is planning ondoing so, or is not planning on doing so?

32%

45%

78%

30%

20%

8%

16%

11%

9%

3%

4%

21%

19%

8%

26%

18%

33%

26%

21%

33%

33%

13%

6%

1%

2%

5%

6%

9%

5%

11%

6%

10%

55%

41%

35%

12%

40%

56%

49%

53%

56%

52%

54%

28%

All

BC

AB

ON

QC

MB

NB

NS

PE

NL

SK

My province already has a carbon price in place My provincial government is planning on doing soMy provincial government is not planning on doing so Unsure what the situation is in my province

PROVINCES W/ PRICING

PROVINCES PLANNING ON IMPLEMENTING A PRICE

PROVINCES NOT PLANNING ON IMPLEMENTING A PRICE

KNOWLEDGE OF PROVINCIAL PRICING POLICY

To the best of your knowledge has the provincial government in your province put a carbon price in place already, is planning ondoing so, or is not planning on doing so?

32%

36%

29%

24%

28%

33%

40%

45%

78%

6%

30%

20%

10%

21%

22%

19%

26%

21%

20%

18%

19%

8%

24%

26%

18%

25%

6%

7%

6%

5%

8%

7%

4%

1%

2%

31%

5%

6%

9%

41%

35%

46%

45%

43%

39%

37%

35%

12%

39%

40%

56%

55%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATLMy province already has a carbon price in placeMy provincial government is planning on doing soMy provincial government is not planning on doing soUnsure what the situation is in my province

SEX

32%

28%

31%

48%

33%

46%

32%

36%

38%

30%

33%

34%

21%

24%

20%

21%

23%

24%

18%

10%

8%

18%

18%

27%

6%

5%

6%

8%

4%

6%

8%

6%

7%

6%

7%

6%

41%

43%

42%

23%

40%

24%

42%

48%

47%

46%

42%

33%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

KNOWLEDGE OF HOME PROVINCE CARBON PRICING SYSTEM

27%

11% 12%

51%

Carbon tax Carbon levy (tax + industrial standard) Cap-and-trade system I’m not entirely sure

Your province currently has a carbon pricing system in place Please select what system your province is using to reduce carbon emissions? n = 1306

KNOWLEDGE OF HOME PROVINCE CARBON PRICING SYSTEM

Your province currently has a carbon pricing system in place Please select what system your province is using to reduce carbon emissions?

27%

28%

25%

30%

21%

28%

28%

35%

59%

19%

17%

11%

13%

8%

10%

16%

12%

5%

14%

14%

8%

11%

12%

15%

9%

9%

13%

10%

14%

2%

4%

18%

10%

51%

44%

58%

51%

50%

50%

53%

49%

23%

54%

62%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Carbon tax Carbon levy (tax + industrial standard)

Cap-and-trade system I’m not entirely sure

SEX

27%

25%

26%

33%

25%

38%

31%

28%

27%

26%

27%

26%

11%

10%

10%

15%

10%

11%

7%

8%

7%

9%

10%

13%

12%

6%

12%

17%

14%

16%

5%

7%

18%

7%

13%

15%

51%

59%

52%

35%

51%

35%

56%

57%

48%

57%

50%

46%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

n = 1306

CARBON TAX VERSUS CAP-AND-TRADE

10%

29%

61%

I have a very good understanding of thedifference

I have a pretty good understanding ofthe difference

I don’t really know the difference between the two

There are a few ways to put a price on carbon emissions One is called a cap-and-trade system while the other is called a carbontax. Which of the following best describes how well you understand the difference between a carbon tax or a cap-and-trade system?

CARBON TAX VERSUS CAP-AND-TRADE

There are a few ways to put a price on carbon emissions One is called a cap-and-trade system while the other is called a carbontax. Which of the following best describes how well you understand the difference between a carbon tax or a cap-and-trade system?

10%

13%

8%

16%

13%

9%

5%

9%

12%

7%

11%

11%

7%

29%

36%

21%

26%

30%

29%

29%

24%

25%

25%

28%

37%

22%

61%

51%

71%

57%

57%

62%

66%

67%

63%

68%

61%

52%

71%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

I have a very good understanding of the differenceI have a pretty good understanding of the differenceI don’t really know the difference between the two

SEX

10%

11%

10%

17%

9%

12%

6%

7%

21%

9%

8%

15%

29%

24%

29%

32%

31%

36%

25%

39%

34%

21%

32%

33%

61%

64%

61%

51%

61%

52%

69%

55%

44%

70%

60%

51%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

THE OBJECTIVES OF CARBON PRICING

KNOWLEDGE OF CARBON PRICING OBJECTIVES IS MIXED.

• Canadians are not entirely clear on the objectives of carbon pricing. Half ranking “changing behavior” in the top two objectives while about one in three think it’s meant to raise revenue or punish polluters.

• Most don’t think carbon taxes are worse than other taxes.

WHAT ARE THE OBJECTIVES OF CARBON PRICING?

What do you think the most important objectives for carbon pricing policy are?

26%

20%

20%

23%

11%

28%

26%

19%

9%

18%

21%

25%

17%

11%

26%

16%

19%

23%

16%

26%

9%

10%

21%

41%

19%

Change the behaviour of businesses and individuals

Create incentives to reduce GHG emissions

Penalize polluters

Generate revenue for government

Spark low-carbon innovation

First Second Third Fourth Fifth

RANKED IN TOP 2

54%

45%

38%

34%

28%

CARBON TAX VERSUS OTHER TAXES

18%

60%

21%

Better

Not really different

Worse

Compared with other taxes that governments might use to collect revenue and achieve policy outcomes (like personal and business income taxes and sales taxes), do you consider a carbon tax to be better, worse, or not really different to how you feel about other taxes?

CARBON TAX VERSUS OTHER TAXES

Compared with other taxes that governments might use to collect revenue and achieve policy outcomes (like personal and business income taxes and sales taxes), do you consider a carbon tax to be better, worse, or not really different to how you feel about other taxes?

18%

21%

16%

28%

16%

17%

15%

20%

12%

12%

16%

27%

18%

60%

57%

64%

52%

65%

62%

60%

64%

52%

55%

61%

62%

59%

21%

22%

20%

21%

19%

21%

24%

16%

36%

32%

23%

11%

23%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Better Not really different Worse

SEX

18%

33%

17%

9%

26%

8%

20%

36%

27%

14%

18%

24%

60%

51%

63%

43%

59%

53%

62%

41%

64%

65%

57%

59%

21%

15%

19%

48%

15%

39%

19%

23%

10%

21%

25%

17%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

CHANGE BEHAVIOUR VS. RAISE REVENUE

For each of the following taxes, do you think its primary purpose is to change behaviour or to raise revenue?

58%

53%

41%

30%

27%

25%

42%

47%

59%

70%

73%

75%

Carbon tax

Taxes on things like alcohol or tobacco

Gas tax

Sales taxes

Personal Income tax

Business Income tax

Change behaviour Raise revenue

CHANGE BEHAVIOUR VS. RAISE REVENUE: CARBON TAX

For each of the following taxes, do you think its primary purpose is to change behaviour or to raise revenue?

58%

58%

57%

66%

56%

56%

55%

62%

52%

56%

57%

58%

62%

42%

42%

43%

34%

44%

44%

45%

38%

48%

44%

43%

42%

38%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Change behaviour Raise revenue

SEX

58%

63%

57%

52%

63%

46%

66%

62%

48%

56%

57%

60%

42%

37%

43%

48%

37%

54%

34%

38%

52%

44%

43%

40%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

POSITION ON CARBON PRICING

MOST THINK CARBON PRICING IS AN ACCEPTABLE IDEA TO DEAL WITH CLIMATE CHANGE

• 46% think carbon pricing is a good idea, up 6 points since 2015. Another 33% feel it’s an acceptable idea.

• Those more familiar with carbon pricing are more polarized on support for carbon pricing.

POSITION ON CARBON PRICING

18%

28%

33%

13%

9%

Very good Good Acceptable Poor Very poor

For economists, the main idea of a carbon price is this: if it costs people and businesses money to generate carbon emissions, they will find ways to save money and reduce emissions. In general, do you think it is a… idea?

22% NEGATIVE78% POSITIVE

POSITION ON CARBON PRICING

For economists, the main idea of a carbon price is this: if it costs people and businesses money to generate carbon emissions, they will find ways to save money and reduce emissions. In general, do you think it is a… idea?

14%

13%

18%

26%

26%

28%

35%

37%

33%

15%

15%

13%

9%

9%

9%

Sept 2015

March 2016

Feb 2018

Very good Good Acceptable Poor Very poor

40% 24%

39% 24%

46% 21%

GOOD IDEA POOR IDEA

POSITION ON CARBON PRICINGBY FAMILIARITY

For economists, the main idea of a carbon price is this: if it costs people and businesses money to generate carbon emissions, they will find ways to save money and reduce emissions. In general, do you think it is a… idea?

24%

14%

13%

30%

28%

20%

20%

39%

49%

13%

13%

3%

14%

6%

5%

Familiar

Heard, but don'tunderstand

Unaware

Very good Good Acceptable Poor Very poor

54% 27%

42% 19%

33% 8%

GOOD IDEA POOR IDEA

POSITION ON CARBON PRICINGBY CLIMATE SEGMENTATION

For economists, the main idea of a carbon price is this: if it costs people and businesses money to generate carbon emissions, they will find ways to save money and reduce emissions. In general, do you think it is a… idea?

32%

8%

5%

34%

26%

10%

24%

40%

31%

6%

18%

16%

3%

7%

39%

Believers

Leaners

Laggards

Very good Good Acceptable Poor Very poor

66% 9%

34% 25%

15% 55%

GOOD IDEA POOR IDEA

POSITION ON CARBON PRICINGBY VIEW ON WHAT CARBON TAX IS MEANT TO DO

For economists, the main idea of a carbon price is this: if it costs people and businesses money to generate carbon emissions, they will find ways to save money and reduce emissions. In general, do you think it is a… idea?

20%

15%

30%

24%

34%

30%

10%

18%

6%

13%

Changebehaviour

Raiserevenue

Very good Good Acceptable Poor Very poor

50% 16%

39% 31%

GOOD IDEA POOR IDEA

POSITION ON CARBON PRICING

For economists, the main idea of a carbon price is this: if it costs people and businesses money to generate carbon emissions, they will find ways to save money and reduce emissions. In general, do you think it is a… idea?

18%

17%

19%

21%

16%

17%

18%

15%

14%

17%

16%

25%

20%

28%

30%

25%

28%

25%

31%

27%

30%

24%

20%

27%

31%

28%

33%

28%

37%

36%

38%

30%

28%

37%

27%

32%

32%

33%

32%

13%

13%

13%

9%

12%

13%

16%

11%

19%

17%

13%

9%

12%

9%

12%

6%

6%

9%

9%

12%

8%

16%

15%

11%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Very good Good Acceptable Poor Very poor

SEX

18%

33%

16%

12%

22%

9%

18%

34%

28%

16%

18%

20%

28%

28%

28%

19%

36%

18%

29%

34%

32%

24%

30%

29%

33%

25%

35%

21%

27%

24%

34%

20%

26%

37%

27%

35%

13%

7%

13%

17%

11%

24%

12%

8%

6%

14%

15%

10%

9%

6%

7%

31%

5%

24%

7%

4%

8%

10%

11%

6%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

DOES CARBON PRICING WORK AS INTENDED?

CONFIDENCE THAT CARBON PRICING WILL WORK AS INTENDED IS MIXED.

• 47% think it might only cause the cost of living to go up without changing energy use. But when probed on a series of possible specific reactions large majorities think behaviour would occur.

• 62% think it’s possible to do carbon pricing in a way that will not harm the economy, and 57% think by pricing carbon, Canada will end up with a stronger economy compared to places that don’t. 43% say our economy could end up weaker than other places.

EFFECTS OF CARBON PRICE ON ENERGY USE

53%

47%

If it is more expensive to emit carbon,businesses and consumers will findways to avoid paying more throughusing energy differently and usingmore renewable energy

It will simply increase the cost of doing business and living, and that energy use won’t change

Do you believe that if it is more expensive to emit carbon, businesses and consumers will find ways to avoid paying more through using energy differently and using more renewable energy, or do you feel that it will simply increase the cost of doing business?

EFFECTS OF CARBON PRICE ON ENERGY USEBY CLIMATE SEGMENTATION

Do you believe that if it is more expensive to emit carbon, businesses and consumers will find ways to avoid paying more through using energy differently and using more renewable energy, or do you feel that it will simply increase the cost of doing business?

65%

51%

36%

35%

49%

64%

Believers

Leaners

Laggards

If it is more expensive to emit carbon, businesses and consumers will find ways to avoidpaying more through using energy differently and using more renewable energyIt will simply increase the cost of doing business and living, and that energy use won’t change

EFFECTS OF CARBON PRICE ON ENERGY USEBY POSITION ON CARBON PRICING

Do you believe that if it is more expensive to emit carbon, businesses and consumers will find ways to avoid paying more through using energy differently and using more renewable energy, or do you feel that it will simply increase the cost of doing business?

74%

52%

13%

26%

48%

87%

Good idea

Acceptable idea

Poor idea

If it is more expensive to emit carbon, businesses and consumers will find ways to avoidpaying more through using energy differently and using more renewable energyIt will simply increase the cost of doing business and living, and that energy use won’t change

EFFECTS OF CARBON PRICE ON ENERGY USE

Do you believe that if it is more expensive to emit carbon, businesses and consumers will find ways to avoid paying more through using energy differently and using more renewable energy, or do you feel that it will simply increase the cost of doing business?

53%

52%

54%

59%

50%

54%

51%

54%

36%

39%

54%

63%

54%

47%

48%

46%

41%

50%

46%

49%

46%

64%

61%

46%

37%

46%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Businesses and consumers will find ways to avoid paying more through using energy differently

Energy use won't change

SEX

53%

61%

54%

31%

64%

35%

50%

68%

62%

49%

52%

60%

47%

39%

46%

69%

36%

65%

50%

32%

38%

51%

48%

40%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

EFFECTS OF MAKING CARBON MORE EXPENSIVE

How likely do you think it is that by making it more expensive to create carbon pollution that…?

20%

17%

16%

15%

15%

15%

29%

30%

29%

28%

26%

28%

36%

34%

35%

37%

39%

38%

11%

13%

15%

14%

14%

14%

2%

3%

4%

4%

4%

5%

Those who design and build buildings will find ways to create moreenergy efficient buildings

A market for energy efficient products will grow more quickly

Energy technology breakthroughs will be developed more quickly

People will think harder about how to save money by reducing theirenergy use or using more renewable energy

Transportation systems and vehicle manufacturers will find ways tohelp reduce pollution

Companies will work at improving their processes to save money andreduce emissions

Certainly Very likely Likely Unlikely Very unlikely Certainly not

POSSIBILITY OF DOING NO ECONOMIC HARM

9%

16%

37%

23%

9%7%

Certainly Very likely Likely Unlikely Very unlikely Certainly not

Do you think it is possible to price carbon emissions in such a way that emissions come down, without harming the economy?

38% Harm to Economy62% No Harm to Economy

POSSIBILITY OF DOING NO ECONOMIC HARM

Do you think it is possible to price carbon emissions in such a way that emissions come down, without harming the economy?

9%

9%

15%

16%

38%

37%

23%

23%

9%

9%

6%

7%

Sept 2015

>

Feb 2018

Certainly Very Likely Likely Unlikely Very unlikely Certainly not

NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGE SINCE 2015

POSSIBILITY OF DOING NO ECONOMIC HARM

Do you think it is possible to price carbon emissions in such a way that emissions come down, without harming the economy?

9%

9%

8%

12%

6%

7%

10%

9%

7%

8%

7%

12%

11%

16%

17%

15%

18%

15%

17%

15%

16%

15%

12%

15%

19%

16%

37%

34%

39%

38%

41%

36%

32%

39%

27%

32%

37%

41%

38%

23%

21%

25%

20%

24%

25%

25%

23%

27%

29%

24%

19%

25%

9%

11%

6%

8%

7%

8%

10%

8%

12%

9%

10%

7%

8%

6%

5%

6%

6%

9%

4%

12%

9%

8%

3%

6%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Certainly Very likely Likely Unlikely Very unlikely Certainly not

SEX

9%

15%

8%

6%

9%

4%

10%

16%

23%

9%

8%

9%

16%

22%

16%

12%

20%

13%

13%

15%

14%

14%

16%

19%

37%

31%

39%

23%

40%

27%

38%

41%

26%

38%

34%

40%

23%

20%

24%

21%

23%

24%

23%

21%

27%

23%

26%

21%

9%

6%

8%

13%

6%

15%

11%

4%

6%

9%

9%

7%

7%

7%

5%

25%

3%

17%

5%

3%

5%

7%

8%

4%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

IMPACT ON CANADIAN ECONOMY

57%

43%A stronger economy

A weaker economy

Do you think by pricing carbon emissions Canada will end up with a stronger economy compared to countries that don’t embrace this policy, or a weaker economy?

IMPACT ON CANADIAN ECONOMY

Do you think by pricing carbon emissions Canada will end up with a stronger economy compared to countries that don’t embrace this policy, or a weaker economy?

57%

54%

60%

61%

54%

58%

57%

67%

44%

50%

53%

67%

61%

43%

46%

40%

39%

46%

42%

43%

33%

56%

50%

47%

33%

39%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

A stronger economy A weaker economy

SEX

57%

69%

58%

33%

67%

36%

60%

61%

79%

60%

51%

63%

43%

31%

42%

67%

33%

64%

40%

39%

21%

40%

49%

37%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

IMPACT OF CARBON PRICINGTHOSE LIVING IN A PROVINCE WITH A CARBON PRICE IN PLACE VERSUS THOSE LIVING IN ONE WITHOUT A PRICE.

PERCEIVED IMPACT OF CARBON PRICING IN PROVINCES

• Few perceive negative impacts from carbon pricing in those provinces where it is in place. But conviction that it has had really positive effects is also limited.

• In many cases the plurality say they have seen no real impact.

IMPACT ON HOME PROVINCETHOSE IN PROVINCE WITH A PRICE

In your province there is currently a system to price carbon emissions. In your view, has this policy in your province had a positive, a negative or no real effect on each of the following?

41%

37%

33%

25%

25%

23%

14%

49%

52%

56%

55%

54%

59%

43%

10%

11%

11%

20%

21%

19%

43%

The amount of innovation to find ways to change energy anduse lower carbon energy

The amount of effort businesses put into reducing emissions

The amount of effort consumers put into reducing emissions

The competitiveness of your provincial economy

The overall performance of the provincial economy

The number of jobs created

Your cost of living

A positive No real effect A negative

n = 1306

IMPACT ON HOME PROVINCEBY TYPE OF PRICE AND LENGTH POLICY IN PLACE

n = 1306In your province there is currently a system to price carbon emissions. In your view, has this policy in your province had a positive, a negative or no real effect on each of the following?

25%

15%

41%

35%

23%

12%

29%

29%

32%

12%

33%

33%

54%

45%

48%

53%

54%

38%

60%

53%

58%

45%

59%

61%

21%

40%

11%

12%

23%

50%

11%

9%

10%

43%

7%

5%

Overall performance of the provincial economy

Your cost of living

Effort businesses put into reducing emissions

Effort consumers put into reducing emissions

Overall performance of the provincial economy

Your cost of living

Effort businesses put into reducing emissions

Effort consumers put into reducing emissions

Overall performance of the provincial economy

Your cost of living

Effort businesses put into reducing emissions

Effort consumers put into reducing emissions

Positive No impact Negative

PROVINCES WITH CAP & TRADE (ONTARIO & QUEBEC)

PROVINCES WITH TAX OR LEVY (BC & ALBERTA)

PROVINCE WITH A CARBON PRICE FOR LONGER TIME (BC ONLY)

+4

-25

+30

+23

-

-38

+18

+20

+22

-31

+26

+28

NET IMPACT

IMPACT ON OTHER PROVINCESTHOSE IN PROVINCE WITHOUT A PRICE

There is currently a carbon price in place in 4 provinces (including Alberta, Quebec, Ontario and BC) but not yet in yours If your provincial government introduced a carbon price, do you believe this would have a positive, no real effect, or negative effect on…?

53%

48%

41%

30%

30%

29%

15%

38%

41%

48%

45%

41%

44%

29%

10%

11%

10%

25%

28%

27%

55%

The amount of innovation to find ways to change energy anduse lower carbon energy

The amount of effort businesses put into reducing emissions

The amount of effort consumers put into reducing emissions

The number of jobs created

The overall performance of the provincial economy

The competitiveness of your provincial economy

Your cost of living

A positive No real effect A negative

n = 941

THE POLITICS OF CARBON PRICINGDOES IT IMPACT VOTES?

CARBON PRICING CAN GAIN MORE VOTES THAN IT CAN LOSE

• 37% prefer to vote for a candidate who promises to price carbon compared to 26% who prefer a candidate opposed to a price on carbon.

• 37% said it would have no impact on their vote.

THE POLITICAL POWER OF CARBON PRICING

7%

30%

37%

18%

8%

Only vote for a candidatewho believes in putting a

price on carbon

Prefer to vote for acandidate that supports

putting a price on carbon

The issue would have noimpact on my vote

Prefer to vote for acandidate that is opposed

to putting a price oncarbon

Only vote for a candidatewho is opposed to putting

a price on carbon

When it comes to how these questions affect how you will vote in the future, which of the following best describes you?

CARBON PRICE PUSHES FOR 26%

CARBON PRICE PULLS FOR 37%

THE POLITICAL POWER OF CARBON PRICINGBY CLIMATE SEGMENTATION

When it comes to how these questions affect how you will vote in the future, which of the following best describes you?

12%

4%

2%

43%

25%

6%

33%

40%

36%

11%

24%

19%

2%

7%

37%

Believers

Leaners

Laggards

Only vote for price Prefer to vote for price No impact

Prefer to vote against price Only vote against price

55% 13%

29% 31%

8% 56%

PULL VOTES PUSHES VOTES

THE POLITICAL POWER OF CARBON PRICING

When it comes to how these questions affect how you will vote in the future, which of the following best describes you?

7%

8%

7%

16%

4%

6%

5%

8%

6%

7%

7%

9%

4%

30%

32%

29%

35%

31%

30%

27%

35%

22%

21%

28%

37%

33%

37%

30%

43%

30%

38%

37%

39%

38%

27%

37%

36%

39%

42%

18%

19%

16%

15%

19%

19%

17%

15%

28%

23%

19%

11%

15%

8%

12%

5%

4%

8%

8%

12%

4%

16%

12%

10%

3%

6%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Only vote for a pro carbon pricing candidate Prefer to vote for a pro carbon pricing candidate

No impact Prefer to vote for an anti carbon pricing candidate

Only vote for an anti carbon pricing candidate

SEX

7%

15%

6%

9%

10%

2%

5%

17%

16%

9%

4%

9%

30%

36%

31%

14%

41%

18%

28%

32%

34%

21%

30%

40%

37%

30%

38%

25%

30%

28%

44%

29%

38%

46%

36%

27%

18%

15%

18%

18%

14%

30%

14%

15%

7%

16%

20%

17%

8%

4%

6%

34%

4%

23%

8%

6%

5%

9%

9%

7%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

REVENUE RECYLING PREFERENCES

REVENUE RECYCLING

• If revenue is used to fund health or education, cut taxes, provide incentives to consumers to change behavior, or to invest in R&D, a majority of Canadians would be more supportive of carbon pricing.

• Among those who think it’s a poor idea to price carbon, a corresponding tax cut would make 6 in 10 more supportive of it.

CARBON PRICING REVENUE RECECYLING

Governments can do different things with the revenue generated from putting a price on carbon emissions For each of the following, please indicate if the idea makes you more supportive, no impact, or more opposed?

60%

57%

57%

56%

53%

45%

37%

31%

31%

36%

36%

38%

42%

41%

9%

12%

7%

7%

9%

13%

22%

Use the money to help fund improvements in health care or education

Giving the money back to citizens in the form of a dividend or cuttingtaxes by an amount equal to the amount raised by the carbon price

Providing financial incentives to make it less costly for consumers tochange their energy habits

Investing the money in research and development and clean technologies

Investing the money raised in infrastructure like public transit, railnetworks, the electricity grid, roads and bridges

Providing financial support to ease the transition and support the jobs insectors that are the largest emitters of greenhouse gases

Using the money to pay down government debt

More supportive No impact More opposed

CARBON PRICING REVENUE RECECYLINGAMONG THOSE WHO SAY CARBON PRICE IS AN ACCEPTABLE IDEA

Governments can do different things with the revenue generated from putting a price on carbon emissions For each of the following, please indicate if the idea makes you more supportive, no impact, or more opposed?

57%

52%

51%

50%

47%

38%

38%

36%

39%

43%

44%

44%

49%

44%

7%

8%

6%

7%

9%

13%

18%

Use the money to help fund improvements in health care or education

Giving the money back to citizens in the form of a dividend or cuttingtaxes by an amount equal to the amount raised by the carbon price

Providing financial incentives to make it less costly for consumers tochange their energy habits

Investing the money in research and development and clean technologies

Investing the money raised in infrastructure like public transit, railnetworks, the electricity grid, roads and bridges

Providing financial support to ease the transition and support the jobs insectors that are the largest emitters of greenhouse gases

Using the money to pay down government debt

More supportive No impact More opposed

CARBON PRICING REVENUE RECECYLINGAMONG THOSE WHO SAY CARBON PRICE IS A POOR IDEA

Governments can do different things with the revenue generated from putting a price on carbon emissions For each of the following, please indicate if the idea makes you more supportive, no impact, or more opposed?

63%

49%

46%

39%

38%

32%

30%

22%

36%

40%

48%

48%

39%

50%

15%

14%

14%

13%

14%

28%

21%

Giving the money back to citizens in the form of a dividend or cuttingtaxes by an amount equal to the amount raised by the carbon price

Use the money to help fund improvements in health care or education

Providing financial incentives to make it less costly for consumers tochange their energy habits

Investing the money in research and development and clean technologies

Investing the money raised in infrastructure like public transit, railnetworks, the electricity grid, roads and bridges

Using the money to pay down government debt

Providing financial support to ease the transition and support the jobs insectors that are the largest emitters of greenhouse gases

More supportive No impact More opposed

CARBON PRICING REVENUE RECECYLINGAMONG THOSE WHO SAY CARBON PRICE WON’T IMPACT THEIR VOTE

Governments can do different things with the revenue generated from putting a price on carbon emissions For each of the following, please indicate if the idea makes you more supportive, no impact, or more opposed?

62%

57%

53%

52%

51%

40%

36%

33%

37%

43%

44%

44%

50%

47%

5%

6%

4%

4%

6%

10%

17%

Use the money to help fund improvements in health care or education

Giving the money back to citizens in the form of a dividend or cuttingtaxes by an amount equal to the amount raised by the carbon price

Providing financial incentives to make it less costly for consumers tochange their energy habits

Investing the money in research and development and clean technologies

Investing the money raised in infrastructure like public transit, railnetworks, the electricity grid, roads and bridges

Providing financial support to ease the transition and support the jobs insectors that are the largest emitters of greenhouse gases

Using the money to pay down government debt

More supportive No impact More opposed

Rank your top three preferred ways of using the money generated by carbon pricing.

27%

19%

11%

11%

16%

7%

10%

16%

19%

17%

16%

13%

12%

7%

13%

17%

17%

18%

13%

14%

8%

44%

46%

55%

55%

58%

68%

75%

Giving the money back to citizens in the form of a dividend or cuttingtaxes by an amount equal to the amount raised by the carbon price

Use the money to help fund improvements in health care or education

Providing financial incentives to make it less costly for consumers tochange their energy habits

Investing the money raised in infrastructure like public transit, railnetworks, the electricity grid, roads and bridges

Investing the money in research and development and cleantechnologies

Providing financial support to ease the transition and support the jobsin sectors that are the largest emitters of greenhouse gases

Using the money to pay down government debt

First Second Third Not Ranked

CARBON PRICING REVENUE RECYCLING RANKING

FEDERAL CARBON PRICING POLICY

FEDERAL CARBON PRICING POLICY

• Almost half of Canadians have not heard about the federal government’s approach to carbon pricing. Only 9% are very familiar with it.

• Among those in a province without a provincial carbon price, a majority support or could accept the federal government implementing a carbon tax on their province (65%) while 35% are opposed. Opposition was highest in SK.

FAMILIARITY WITH FEDERAL CARBON PRICING POLICY

9%

43%

48% Very familiar

Somewhat familiar

Have not heard about this before

The Federal Government has said that it will implement a carbon tax in provinces that do not have their own carbon pricing policy at the end of this year, in order to set a minimum standard to reduce emissions across the country How familiar are you with this plan?

FAMILIARITY WITH FEDERAL CARBON PRICING POLICY

The Federal Government has said that it will implement a carbon tax in provinces that do not have their own carbon pricing policy at the end of this year, in order to set a minimum standard to reduce emissions across the country How familiar are you with this plan?

9%

12%

6%

14%

10%

6%

7%

9%

12%

11%

7%

9%

10%

43%

46%

40%

43%

42%

42%

45%

48%

57%

50%

45%

28%

46%

48%

42%

54%

42%

48%

52%

49%

43%

32%

38%

48%

63%

45%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Very familiar Somewhat familiar Have not heard about this before

SEX

9%

9%

7%

22%

8%

14%

4%

10%

10%

8%

7%

12%

43%

45%

43%

42%

49%

50%

42%

40%

28%

38%

45%

47%

48%

46%

50%

36%

43%

36%

53%

49%

62%

55%

48%

41%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

POSITION ON FEDERALLY IMPOSED CARBON TAXPROVINCES WITHOUT A CARBON PRICE CURRENTLY

9%

17%

39%

18% 17%

Strongly support Support Can accept Oppose Strongly oppose

Do you support or oppose the federal government implementing a carbon tax if your province does not put one in place?

35% NEGATIVE65% POSITIVE

n = 941

POSITION ON FEDERALLY IMPOSED CARBON TAXPROVINCES WITHOUT A CARBON PRICE CURRENTLY

Do you support or oppose the federal government implementing a carbon tax if your province does not put one in place?

9%

10%

8%

15%

8%

6%

8%

8%

10%

17%

18%

17%

23%

19%

11%

17%

15%

19%

39%

36%

42%

40%

45%

41%

32%

35%

43%

18%

16%

19%

14%

13%

21%

21%

21%

15%

17%

20%

14%

8%

15%

20%

23%

22%

13%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

SK/MB

ATL

Strongly support Support Can accept Oppose Strongly oppose

SEX

9%

20%

7%

8%

10%

3%

13%

9%

7%

8%

13%

17%

22%

17%

11%

26%

4%

12%

15%

13%

18%

22%

39%

33%

42%

19%

38%

27%

44%

49%

39%

40%

38%

18%

15%

18%

17%

16%

24%

18%

15%

21%

16%

15%

17%

10%

16%

46%

10%

42%

12%

13%

20%

18%

11%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

n = 941

FEDERAL AND PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE REDUCING EMISSIONS

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT RATING

2%

14%

49%

24%

10%

Excellent job Good job Acceptable job Poor job Terrible job

When it comes to handling the challenge of how to reduce carbon emissions, how well do you think the federal government is doing?

34% NEGATIVE66% POSITIVE

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT RATING

When it comes to handling the challenge of how to reduce carbon emissions, how well do you think the federal government is doing?

5%

14%

16%

13%

15%

17%

16%

10%

14%

12%

12%

15%

15%

12%

49%

45%

54%

51%

49%

50%

48%

57%

42%

45%

46%

54%

54%

24%

24%

25%

23%

22%

24%

28%

19%

28%

27%

27%

21%

23%

10%

13%

7%

6%

9%

9%

14%

7%

16%

14%

11%

7%

9%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Excellent job Good job Acceptable job Poor job Terrible job

SEX

10%

14%

19%

14%

14%

22%

8%

9%

6%

13%

12%

18%

49%

37%

53%

32%

53%

37%

56%

43%

42%

48%

47%

54%

24%

28%

24%

19%

17%

29%

26%

37%

27%

27%

26%

19%

10%

12%

7%

32%

5%

24%

9%

15%

22%

10%

13%

7%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT RATING

3%

15%

45%

25%

12%

Excellent job Good job Acceptable job Poor job Terrible job

How about how your provincial government is doing?

37% NEGATIVE63% POSITIVE

PROVINCE RATING

How about how your provincial government is doing?

7%

7%

15%

16%

14%

13%

16%

17%

13%

19%

16%

15%

12%

18%

8%

45%

41%

50%

51%

46%

41%

45%

53%

31%

43%

43%

53%

44%

25%

25%

25%

18%

24%

27%

30%

20%

28%

26%

28%

20%

35%

12%

15%

8%

11%

12%

12%

12%

5%

21%

9%

15%

6%

12%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Excellent job Good job Acceptable job Poor job Terrible job

SEX

10%

15%

15%

15%

14%

20%

10%

13%

5%

15%

14%

13%

18%

45%

34%

49%

28%

48%

29%

52%

46%

52%

46%

42%

48%

25%

34%

25%

20%

22%

32%

25%

29%

17%

27%

28%

20%

12%

12%

9%

34%

8%

27%

9%

20%

6%

10%

15%

10%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

APPENDIXADDITIONAL CROSSTABS

CHANGE BEHAVIOUR VS. RAISE REVENUE: PERSONAL INCOME TAX

For each of the following taxes, do you think its primary purpose is to change behaviour or to raise revenue?

27%

26%

29%

34%

32%

28%

19%

27%

25%

27%

30%

26%

27%

73%

74%

71%

66%

68%

72%

81%

73%

75%

73%

70%

74%

73%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Change behaviour Raise revenue

SEX

27%

25%

27%

32%

22%

22%

29%

24%

16%

33%

25%

25%

73%

75%

73%

68%

78%

78%

71%

76%

84%

67%

75%

75%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

CHANGE BEHAVIOUR VS. RAISE REVENUE: BUSINESS INCOME TAX

For each of the following taxes, do you think its primary purpose is to change behaviour or to raise revenue?

25%

23%

26%

34%

29%

22%

16%

19%

23%

25%

28%

24%

23%

75%

77%

74%

66%

71%

78%

84%

81%

77%

75%

72%

76%

77%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Change behaviour Raise revenue

SEX

25%

25%

24%

25%

19%

18%

27%

27%

11%

32%

21%

21%

75%

75%

76%

75%

81%

82%

73%

73%

89%

68%

79%

79%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

CHANGE BEHAVIOUR VS. RAISE REVENUE: SALES TAX

For each of the following taxes, do you think its primary purpose is to change behaviour or to raise revenue?

30%

29%

30%

41%

34%

28%

19%

30%

26%

28%

31%

31%

26%

70%

71%

70%

59%

66%

72%

81%

70%

74%

72%

69%

69%

74%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Change behaviour Raise revenue

SEX

30%

24%

30%

33%

26%

21%

32%

19%

16%

36%

26%

28%

70%

76%

70%

67%

74%

79%

68%

81%

84%

64%

74%

72%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

CHANGE BEHAVIOUR VS. RAISE REVENUE: GAS TAX

For each of the following taxes, do you think its primary purpose is to change behaviour or to raise revenue?

41%

41%

41%

51%

45%

39%

31%

44%

37%

38%

42%

41%

35%

59%

59%

59%

49%

55%

61%

69%

56%

63%

62%

58%

59%

65%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Change behaviour Raise revenue

SEX

41%

47%

40%

38%

40%

31%

43%

38%

42%

46%

38%

38%

59%

53%

60%

62%

60%

69%

57%

62%

58%

54%

62%

62%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

CHANGE BEHAVIOUR VS. RAISE REVENUE: TAXES ON THINGS LIKE ALCOHOL OR TOBACCO

For each of the following taxes, do you think its primary purpose is to change behaviour or to raise revenue?

53%

51%

56%

60%

56%

54%

46%

54%

57%

53%

52%

54%

52%

47%

49%

44%

40%

44%

46%

54%

46%

43%

47%

48%

46%

48%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Change behaviour Raise revenue

SEX

53%

59%

53%

53%

57%

46%

55%

60%

53%

51%

54%

55%

47%

41%

47%

47%

43%

54%

45%

40%

47%

49%

46%

45%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

RANKING CARBON PRICING POLICY OBJECTIVES: CHANGE THE BEHAVIOUR OF BUSINESSES AND INDIVIDUALS

What do you think the most important objectives for carbon pricing policy are?

26%

26%

25%

28%

26%

24%

27%

26%

24%

29%

25%

25%

30%

28%

27%

29%

29%

24%

31%

29%

24%

27%

28%

28%

31%

27%

21%

20%

22%

16%

24%

21%

22%

21%

21%

21%

20%

22%

22%

16%

17%

15%

18%

15%

17%

14%

19%

17%

14%

17%

13%

14%

9%

10%

9%

10%

12%

8%

8%

9%

12%

8%

9%

9%

7%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

1 2 3 4 5

SEX

26%

31%

27%

10%

30%

17%

31%

32%

32%

25%

23%

32%

28%

21%

29%

28%

27%

31%

24%

28%

18%

28%

28%

28%

21%

25%

19%

34%

19%

24%

24%

15%

37%

23%

23%

17%

16%

16%

16%

14%

16%

15%

15%

21%

13%

16%

17%

13%

9%

6%

9%

14%

7%

12%

7%

5%

0%

8%

10%

10%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

RANKING CARBON PRICING POLICY OBJECTIVES: CREATE INCENTIVES TO REDUCE GHG EMISSIONS

What do you think the most important objectives for carbon pricing policy are?

20%

17%

23%

21%

18%

20%

22%

20%

17%

18%

18%

25%

19%

26%

26%

26%

27%

25%

24%

26%

26%

22%

27%

26%

26%

28%

25%

27%

23%

21%

24%

28%

26%

25%

27%

25%

24%

26%

25%

19%

20%

18%

20%

21%

19%

17%

18%

24%

21%

20%

16%

17%

10%

10%

10%

11%

12%

9%

8%

10%

10%

8%

12%

7%

11%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

1 2 3 4 5

SEX

20%

17%

21%

19%

23%

15%

21%

23%

8%

18%

19%

24%

26%

34%

25%

19%

29%

21%

24%

36%

44%

27%

25%

25%

25%

25%

26%

20%

24%

26%

25%

29%

27%

24%

25%

25%

19%

19%

18%

28%

16%

23%

22%

9%

18%

20%

20%

17%

10%

5%

10%

15%

8%

15%

8%

3%

3%

11%

11%

9%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

RANKING CARBON PRICING POLICY OBJECTIVES: SPARK LOW CARBON INNOVATION

What do you think the most important objectives for carbon pricing policy are?

11%

11%

11%

11%

10%

13%

10%

11%

9%

8%

12%

10%

11%

18%

18%

17%

19%

19%

16%

18%

16%

21%

17%

18%

17%

19%

26%

23%

29%

27%

21%

25%

32%

27%

26%

28%

23%

30%

28%

26%

27%

25%

23%

29%

26%

26%

27%

25%

26%

26%

27%

26%

19%

20%

17%

20%

21%

20%

14%

19%

20%

20%

20%

15%

17%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

1 2 3 4 5

SEX

11%

11%

11%

9%

12%

6%

10%

12%

22%

10%

11%

12%

18%

20%

18%

13%

19%

15%

20%

18%

16%

17%

18%

19%

26%

27%

27%

22%

32%

23%

25%

24%

9%

29%

25%

25%

26%

24%

26%

31%

22%

29%

24%

29%

33%

27%

27%

25%

19%

18%

18%

25%

15%

26%

20%

17%

21%

18%

20%

19%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

RANKING CARBON PRICING POLICY OBJECTIVES: PENALIZE POLLUTERS

What do you think the most important objectives for carbon pricing policy are?

20%

20%

20%

23%

20%

20%

17%

19%

12%

17%

19%

26%

21%

19%

20%

19%

17%

20%

20%

20%

23%

21%

20%

19%

18%

19%

17%

17%

16%

19%

18%

17%

13%

13%

17%

17%

20%

13%

13%

23%

21%

25%

24%

21%

20%

26%

22%

20%

24%

22%

25%

26%

21%

22%

20%

17%

20%

23%

23%

22%

29%

22%

20%

18%

21%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

1 2 3 4 5

SEX

20%

20%

20%

23%

18%

16%

18%

9%

21%

24%

21%

14%

19%

17%

19%

24%

16%

25%

24%

18%

21%

18%

21%

19%

17%

16%

17%

9%

17%

17%

10%

24%

22%

15%

18%

18%

23%

23%

23%

19%

28%

22%

22%

20%

7%

23%

19%

28%

21%

24%

21%

24%

22%

20%

26%

29%

28%

20%

22%

22%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

CARBON PRICING POLICY OBJECTIVES: GENERATE REVENUE FOR GOVERNMENT

What do you think the most important objectives for carbon pricing policy are?

23%

26%

20%

17%

26%

23%

25%

23%

38%

28%

25%

13%

19%

9%

9%

9%

9%

12%

9%

7%

10%

9%

8%

10%

9%

7%

11%

13%

9%

17%

13%

10%

7%

13%

10%

9%

12%

8%

12%

16%

15%

17%

15%

14%

18%

16%

14%

14%

15%

15%

19%

16%

41%

37%

44%

42%

35%

40%

46%

40%

29%

41%

38%

51%

45%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

1 2 3 4 5

SEX

23%

21%

22%

39%

17%

46%

20%

24%

17%

23%

27%

19%

9%

8%

8%

17%

9%

7%

8%

1%

0%

11%

8%

9%

11%

6%

11%

14%

8%

9%

16%

8%

5%

9%

10%

14%

16%

17%

17%

8%

18%

11%

16%

21%

30%

14%

17%

17%

41%

47%

42%

22%

48%

27%

40%

45%

48%

43%

38%

41%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

EFFECTS OF CARBON TAX: ENERGY TECH BREAKTHROUGHS DEVELOP MORE QUICKLY

How likely do you think it is that by making it more expensive to create carbon pollution that…?

16%

16%

16%

20%

15%

13%

18%

17%

11%

11%

15%

21%

18%

29%

31%

26%

22%

26%

31%

34%

29%

26%

24%

28%

31%

32%

35%

33%

37%

37%

37%

38%

30%

33%

39%

38%

35%

35%

34%

15%

14%

16%

14%

18%

13%

14%

17%

18%

19%

16%

10%

12%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Certainly Very likely Likely Unlikely Very unlikely Certainly not

SEX

16%

25%

15%

13%

22%

10%

12%

28%

13%

17%

15%

17%

29%

26%

29%

27%

35%

26%

29%

41%

35%

25%

28%

33%

35%

36%

36%

26%

33%

28%

34%

22%

30%

38%

34%

33%

15%

8%

16%

17%

9%

23%

19%

6%

13%

15%

17%

12%

9%

8%

10%

9%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

EFFECTS OF CARBON TAX: PEOPLE WILL THINK HARDER ABOUT HOW TO REDUCE ENERGY

How likely do you think it is that by making it more expensive to create carbon pollution that…?

15%

13%

17%

22%

13%

15%

12%

12%

14%

15%

13%

18%

22%

28%

27%

28%

23%

25%

30%

31%

29%

20%

22%

27%

33%

31%

37%

38%

37%

35%

39%

37%

38%

42%

36%

38%

37%

37%

32%

14%

14%

14%

14%

16%

12%

14%

13%

20%

18%

15%

10%

12%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Certainly Very likely Likely Unlikely Very unlikely Certainly not

SEX

15%

22%

14%

15%

17%

9%

10%

24%

5%

16%

14%

15%

28%

25%

29%

17%

34%

19%

31%

37%

26%

25%

27%

32%

37%

35%

38%

37%

33%

39%

39%

33%

33%

39%

39%

33%

14%

11%

14%

16%

13%

18%

17%

3%

21%

13%

15%

14%

6%

10%

16%

8%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

EFFECTS OF CARBON TAX: COMPANIES WILL IMPROVE PROCESS TO SAVE MONEY

How likely do you think it is that by making it more expensive to create carbon pollution that…?

15%

13%

16%

17%

11%

15%

15%

13%

10%

14%

15%

17%

16%

28%

29%

26%

24%

27%

28%

31%

28%

25%

22%

25%

34%

29%

38%

38%

38%

36%

38%

42%

35%

41%

44%

41%

36%

35%

35%

14%

13%

14%

15%

18%

11%

13%

13%

16%

18%

14%

11%

16%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Certainly Very likely Likely Unlikely Very unlikely Certainly not

SEX

15%

18%

14%

11%

18%

8%

11%

19%

23%

14%

14%

15%

28%

27%

28%

25%

30%

26%

28%

31%

23%

26%

25%

32%

38%

38%

38%

32%

37%

35%

43%

40%

23%

38%

40%

33%

14%

9%

14%

18%

11%

19%

11%

2%

16%

15%

12%

15%

7%

8%

16%

8%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

EFFECTS OF CARBON TAX: MARKET FOR EFFICIENT PRODUCTS WILL GROW MORE QUICKLY

How likely do you think it is that by making it more expensive to create carbon pollution that…?

17%

18%

17%

19%

14%

16%

19%

17%

13%

14%

17%

18%

23%

30%

31%

29%

28%

30%

32%

31%

34%

29%

24%

29%

33%

31%

34%

33%

35%

33%

38%

34%

33%

35%

33%

40%

35%

34%

31%

13%

12%

14%

12%

15%

14%

11%

11%

19%

16%

13%

12%

11%

All

Male

Female

18 - 29

30 - 44

45 - 59

60 and over

BC

AB

SK/MB

ON

QC

ATL

Certainly Very likely Likely Unlikely Very unlikely Certainly not

SEX

17%

20%

17%

19%

23%

12%

16%

26%

10%

16%

18%

18%

30%

35%

30%

22%

40%

24%

27%

30%

28%

30%

28%

33%

34%

28%

36%

30%

28%

32%

39%

38%

31%

37%

33%

34%

13%

12%

14%

12%

8%

20%

13%

5%

17%

13%

15%

11%

7%

6%

10%

11%

All

Left

Centre

Right

Liberal Party

Conservative Party

NDP

Green Party

Bloc Quebecois

HS or less

College

University

AGE

REGION

POL SPECTRUM

VOTE 2015

EDUCATION

EFFECTS OF CARBON TAX: TRANSPORTATION / VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS WILL REDUCE POLLUTION

How likely do you think it is that by making it more expensive to create carbon pollution that…?

15%

15%

14%

15%

11%

15%

18%

13%

12%

12%

13%

20%

18%

26%

26%

27%

22%

25%

28%

29%

26%