View
228
Download
3
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
Periodic Table
Unit 3
VocabularyAtomic NumberAtomic MassAtomic SymbolValence electron
OrbitalElectron ShellEnergy LevelValence shell
Atomic Number
-reflects the # of protons in the nucleus and electrons in the electron cloud of a balanced atom of that element.
ATOMIC NUMBER = # OF PROTONS & ELECTRONS
Atomic Number
Atomic Mass
-the sum of the protons and the average number of neutrons
Atomic Mass
# of Neutrons
Np+-AM =
Atomic Mass (rounded to nearest whole number) minus # of protons
AM-P=N Example
Atomic Symbol
Putting it all together
Atomic Number
Element Symbol
Atomic Mass
Electron Orbitalsaka
Electron Shellsaka
Energy Levels
-the location and the path around the nucleus where an electron can be found
-the amount of energy carried by an electron in an atom
Energy Level Maximum # of Electron’s each level can hold
Nucleus 2 e-
8 e-
8 e-
Nucleus
Valence Shell
-the outermost shell of an atom in its uncombined state-all atoms want their valence shells filled.
Valence Electron• electrons located in the valence shell• # of valence e- will determine the
reactivity of the atom.• The more Valence e’s the more stable and HAPPY (Noble Gases)
• The less valence e’s the more reactive and EXPLOSIVE or UNHAPPY (Alkali Earth Metals)
Dmitri Mendeleev• a Russian chemist and
inventor• formulated the
Periodic Law• created a version of
the periodic table of elements
• predict the properties of elements yet to be discovered
Periods• A row of elements in the periodic table
whose elements change gradually and predictably.–7 periods–Period # = # of shells
• Period 1 = 1 shell• Period 2 = 2 shells• Period 3 = 3 shells• Etc, etc
Per
iod
s
Groups (Families)
• Columns in the Periodic Table that contain elements that have similar physical or chemical properties.–18 groups–Elements have same # of valence
e-
• Ex. Group13 has 3 valence e-
Groups
Metals• An element that has
luster, is malleable, ductile, and is a good conductor of heat and electricity
• Most are solids – Some are liquids
(Mercury and Neptunium)
• 91 metals
Nonmetals
-Gases or brittle solids-Poor conductors-Only 17 nonmetals
-include elements vital to life (P,C,O,I, N, S)
Carbon
SulfurChlorine
Metalloids-an element that shares some
properties with metals and some with nonmetals.
-6 metalloids
Silicon
Color Your Period Table
I. Label the periods. (1-7)II. Label the groups. (1-18)III. Color metals blue.IV. Color non-metals yellow.V. Color metalloids green.VI. Create a key to show what each
color represents.
Group 1(Alkali Metals)
-Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr-1 valence e-
-very reactive metals (except H-non-metal)
Na
Li
Lithium
PotassiumSodium
Rubidium
Cesium
Group 2 (Alkaline Earth Metals)
-Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra - 2 valence e-
-very reactive metals (less reactive than group 1)
Mg Be
Beryllium
Magnesium Calcium
Strontium Barium Radium
Group 13 (The Boron Family)
• B, Al, Ga, In, Tl• 3 valence e-
• All metal except B (metalloid)
B
AL
Group 14 (The Carbon Family)
• C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb• 4 valence e-
• Nonmetals: C• Metalloids: Si, Ge• Metals: Sn, Pb
C
Si
Group 15 (The Nitrogen Family)
• N, P, As, Sb, Bi• 5 valence e-
• nonmetals: N, P• Metalloids: As, Sb• Metal: Bi
NP
Group 16 (The Oxygen FAMILY)
-O, S, Se, Te, Po-6 valence e--nonmetals: O, S, Se-Metalloids: Te, Po S
Group 17 (The Halogen/Halides Family)
• F, Cl, Br, I, At• 7 valence e-• All nonmetal except At (metalloid)• “salt-formers”
F Cl
Fluorine
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine
Group 18 (The Noble Gases)
• He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn• Full Valence shells=Stable• Rarely combine with other elements
He
Transition Elements
• Groups 3-12• All metals• Include the Inner Transition Elements
–Lanthanide Series–Actinide Series
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Halogens Noble Gases
Transition Elements
Inner Transition Elements
Recommended