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1
Pharmaceutical Technology
Course Coordinator and list of t eachers
1. name of the course : Pharmaceutical Technology 3rd
year
2. Lecturer. in charge : Tara Abdulrahman abdula
3. Dept. : Pharmaceutics
4. Contact :
Address: Hawler Medical University
College of pharmacy / Dept. and pharmaceutics
Email : tara_abd@yahoo.com
Website link: www.hawlermu.org
5. Participant lecturers :
1. Dr. raad gasgos
2. Shahla sadeq smael
Course Overview
- Pharmaceutical technology teaches the different dosage forms with respect to their raw materials,
composition, and method of preparations, stability, storage and uses. In the practical part of this course
the students will learn the different techniques used to prepare these dosage forms.
Course Reading List:
1. Reference – American pharmacy by sprowl
2. Remington, the science and practice of pharmacy, 1-2 vol.
Syllabus:
1. Course title: pharmaceutical technology 3rd
year.
2. course number 101/ number of credits 6: 3hr theory 3hr practice /
4. Course Participants 3rd year pharmaceutical students.
5. Instructors :
- Tara Abdulrahman
- Shahla Sadeq
- Raad Gasgos
6. Course length 30 weeks (yearly program)
7. Teaching methods – Theory (power point presentation) / practical (power point presentation) with student center learning (SCL) method. Assessment (grading): summative assessment:
1st semester 20%:
2nd
semester 20%:
Final exam: 60%:
2
Outline of course:
Subject Lecturer No of hrs
1- 1st semester Tara abdulrahman 45
Dispersed system, classification, comparision Dr. raad gasgos 2
Solutions, types of solutions Dr. raad gasgos 2
Solubility, factor affecting, expression of dissolution, rate
versus solubility, preparation of solution containing non
volatile materials
Dr. raad gasgos 4
Official solutions, classification, preparation and uses. Tara abdulrahman 4
Aqueous solutions containing aromatic principles, aromatic
waters, methods of preparations, stability.
Tara abdulrahman 4
Syrups, sugar based, artificial, sorbitol based, stability Tara abdulrahman 4
Clarification, methods, filter aids Tara abdulrahman 3
Solution using mixed solvent systems, spirits, elixirs Tara abdulrahman 3
Extraction, maceration, percolation Tara abdulrahman 3
Tinctures, fluid extracts, extracts, resins and oleoresins Tara abdulrahman 4
Colloidal dispersions, lyophilic, lyophobic, associations
colloids
Raad gasgos 6
Coarse dispersion, suspension Tara abdulrahman 6
Subject Lecturer No of hrs
2- Second semester 45
Emulsions, purpose of emulsification, *methods of
emulsification, emulsifying agents, HLB systems, stability
Dr. raad gasgos 10
Suppositories Tara abdulrahman 6
Lotions, Liniments, colloidons Tara abdulrahman 5
Powdered dosage forms Tara abdulrahman 10
Semisolid dosage forms Tara abdulrahman 10
Incompatibilities Dr. raad gasgos 4
Practical Syllabus
45 hrs.
1x3 / week.
First semester
Subjects hours
Aromatic waters 3
Solutions 3
Spirits 3
Tinctures 3
Extracts 3
Syrups 3
Drops 3
Suspensions 3
Lotions 3
Liniments 3
Second semester
Subjects hours
3
Emulsions 6
Oinments 3
Creams 3
Capsules 3
Powder dosage forms 3
Tablets 3
Preparation involving sterilization 3
Preparation involving aspecting technique 3
Tooth preparations 3
Shampoo preparation 3
Student's Feedback on the Subject
Date: Course: Year: Lecturer/tutor No. Evaluation Question Subject's
Level 1-5 Subjective
Remarks 1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were clear 2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to the main objects of
the course
3 The material were prepared carefully as needed 4 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing tried to analyze the principles, contents and
the important points of the subject simply and properly.
5 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing kept my attention. 6 The lecturer/tutor came into the classroom on time and was committed to the
duration of the lecture.
7 The lecturer's behavior in the classroom was clam and respectful 8 The slides used in the lecturer were clear and attractive 9 At the end of the lecture, the lecturer gave the students a chance for question
and comments. His/her answers were complete
10 The reading sources are new and compliable with the subject.
Total of the level
Students to evaluate the level of the contents
1 2 3 4 5
Poor Accept Medium Good Very good
4
Student's Feedback on the Subject
Date: Course: Year: Lecturer/tutor N
o. Evaluation Question Subject's
Level 1-5 Subjective
Remarks 1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were clear 2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to the main objects
of the course
3 The material were prepared carefully as needed 4 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing tried to analyze the principles, contents and
the important points of the subject simply and properly.
5 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing kept my attention. 6 The lecturer/tutor came into the classroom on time and was committed to the
duration of the lecture.
7 The lecturer's behavior in the classroom was clam and respectful 8 The slides used in the lecturer were clear and attractive 9 At the end of the lecture, the lecturer gave the students a chance for question
and comments. His/her answers were complete
1
0 The reading sources are new and compliable with the subject.
Total of the level
Students to evaluate the level of the contents
1 2 3 4 5
Poor Accept Medium Good Very good
Student's Feedback on the Subject
Date: Course: Year: Lecturer/tutor No.
Evaluation Question Subject's Level 1-5
Subjective Remarks
1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were clear 2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to the main objects of
the course
3 The material were prepared carefully as needed 4 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing tried to analyze the principles, contents and
the important points of the subject simply and properly.
5 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing kept my attention. 6 The lecturer/tutor came into the classroom on time and was committed to the
duration of the lecture.
7 The lecturer's behavior in the classroom was clam and respectful 8 The slides used in the lecturer were clear and attractive 9 At the end of the lecture, the lecturer gave the students a chance for question
and comments. His/her answers were complete
1
0 The reading sources are new and compliable with the subject.
Total of the level
Students to evaluate the level of the contents
1 2 3 4 5
Poor Accept Medium Good Very good
5
Examinations:
- The exams will be held during the course.
- Quizzes – during the practical hours.
- Theoretical exams: one per semester.
- Practical exams: one or two per semester.
- Final exam – Theoretical, Practical.
Theoretical: exams will be mixed
- SCQ. (Single choices Questions)
- Short Essays
- Definition
- Differentiation
- True or false
-
Practical exam:
- Short essay
- Prescription
- Preparations (practically)
On Answering: the student should
- read the question carefully
- Think carefully before answering
- Plan your answering
- Answer should contain preface , content and conclusion
- Answer should be precise and to the point
Samples of the expected questions
*SCQ – sample
- (A) Choose one most appropriate word or statement for the followings:
- Which of the following is not a type of powder
a. Lozenges
b. Insufflations
c. Dentifrices
d. Douches
- Short essays- sample
- What is antagonism and synergism of drugs? Explain giving suitable examples.
- Definition- sample
- Define the following
1. solutions 2. Suspensions
- Briefly differentiate between the followings - sample
Deliquescence and efflorescence
(Note: specify your answers in form of table which shows below).
Deliquescence efflorescence
1. 1.
- True or false – sample
Answer the following by True or False
-Suppositories are used to produce local, systemic and mechanical action.
6
Student's Feedback on the Course
Date: Course: Year: Lecturer/tutor No.
Evaluation Question Subject's Level 1-5
Subjective Remarks
1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were clear 2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to the main
objects of the course
3 The coordinator teacher had worked hard to cooperate and prepare the
material
4 The coordinator teacher had worked hard to cooperate and prepare the course
5 The lecturer were carefully selected and were expert in their field 6 The coordinator teacher gave a good attention to the student's criticism
and claim
7 Information on the Examination process was well provided 8 The questions of the exam were related to the content of the course 9 Total of the level 1
0 There is a potential to promote and develop the course in the following
areas:
Students to evaluate the level of the contents
1 2 3 4 5
Poor Accept Medium Good Very good
7
Hawler Medical University
College of Pharmacy
Dept. of Pharmacognosy
Course Book
Pharmacognosy I and II, 3rd
year
Course Coordinator:
Dr. Alaadin M. Naqishbandi
Lecturer
8
Pharmacognosy Course Coordinator and list of teachers
5. name of the course : Pharmacognosy I and II, 3rd year
6. Lecturer. in charge : Dr. Alaadin M. Naqishbandi
7. Dept. : Pharmacognosy
8. Contact :
Address: Hawler Medical University
College of Pharmacy/ Dept. of pharmacognosy
Email : alaadinmn@hotmail.com
Website link: www.hmu.edu.iq
6. Participant lecturers :
1. Lana Yusef Mutaleb 2. Hazhar Muhamad 3. Shokhan uthman
Course Overview The aim of pharmacognosy department is to provide a modern lecture courses covering a descriptive study of medicinal plants, the importance of plant- derived natural products in medicine & their biosyntheses. These courses include teaching the student the chemistry of natural products, how to identify & evaluate the active constituents of the plant, with emphasis on methods of extraction, separation of these constituents in a pure form using different type techniques, such as chromatography. In addition to the phytotherapy and information on herbal medicine used in the treatment of different diseases. Course Objectives
At the end of this course, students are expected to: 1. Have a comprehensive knowledge of all the basic principles in Pharmacognosy.
2. Understand and classify the plants according to their source, morphology, active constituents and therapeutic uses. In addition, recognition of the methods used in natural product chemistry
3. Integrate their knowledge with data and information provided about certain species to expect the phytotherapeutic uses.
4. Understanding the methods in natural products chemistry which include extraction, identification and standardization.
5. Identify the most important families in the plant kingdom which yield the most important compounds and give examples on each one.
9
6. Transfer all the provided knowledge about taxonomy, morphology, extraction of natural compounds and different families in the plants kingdom into practical aspects in regard to their therapeutic uses.
7. Employ the theoretical information about the different analytical techniques used in the chemistry of natural compounds.
8. Accounting for use, and increasing interest in medicinal plants, and integrating them into national health care system. Promote the safety, efficacy, and quality of medicinal plants by expanding the knowledge base on regulatory and quality assurance standards.
9. Rationale usage of medicinal plants as drug categories in alternative medicine, their doses and dosage forms, drug-drug interactions, and drug-food interactions.
10. Exploitation of acquired knowledge about medicinal plants to the pharmaceutical industry including the search for pharmacokinetically optimum dosage formulations.
Course Reading List:
1- trease & Evans pharmacognosy- 15th ed. W.B sanders Edinburg London New York Philadilphia St Louis sydne tornto (2002)
2- pharmacognosy & pharmcobiotechnology by Ashutosh Kar, K.K. Gupta for new international Ltd (2003)
3- Pharmacognosy, 9th ed. Tyler. Lea and Febiger, Philadilphia (1988) 4- Herbal medicine, 2nd ed. Rudolf , Thieme (2000) 5- Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Michael Heinrich, Joanne
Barnes, Simon Gibbons and Elizabeth M. Williamson (2004). Syllabus:
1. Course title: Pharmacognosy I, 3rd year, 1st course 2. number of credits (3) 2hr theory, 3hr practice 3- The course complies the following:
The course comprises two main themes, the first is an introduction to pharmacognosy covering drugs of natural origin. This includes history and importance of natural products, Botanical characters of medicinal plants and study the different cell contents; Natural health products as herbal medicines, homeopathy, complementary and alternative medicine and related subjects; Production of natural product derived drugs including their collection, preparation, storage conditions and their preparation for use either in the crude form or as extracts. The second part of the course covers chromatographic principles and methodologies specially column and planer chromatography as well as their applications in evaluation of natural products. Also the course will introduce the students to the active constituents of drugs containing: Carbohydrates, Tannins, Volatile oils, lipids and unorganized drugs.
10
4- Course Participants:
3rd year pharmacy students, 1st course. 5- Instructors : - Dr. Alaadin M. Naqishbandi - Lana Yusef Mutaleb - Hazhar Muhamad
6- Course length 15 weeks 30 hr theory (15 X 2 hr), 45hr practice (15 X 3 hr)
7- Teaching methods – Theory (power point presentation) – practical (practical experiments, seminars)
8- Assessment (grading): summative assessment: – Midterm exam (theory subjects): 25% – Practical assessment 15%: – Final exam: 60% (50% theoretical subjects, 10% practical subjects)
Outline of course: A-Theoretical Syllabus
Subject Lecturer No of hrs
General introduction-the scope of pharmacognosy Dr. Alaadin Naqishbandi 1
Complementary and alternative medicine 1
Production of crude drug-cultivation, collection,
drying and storage 2
Authentication and adulteration of crude drugs 1 Evaluation of crude drugs 2
Extraction of the plant material 2
Chromatographic separation techniques 12 Screening, regulations, and quality control of herbal drugs 1
Carbohyrates 2
Volatile oils 4 Tannins 1
Lipids 1
A- B-Practical Syllabus
1- Microscopical evaluation of crude drugs (starch, calcium oxalate crystals)
2- Microscopical evaluation of crude drugs (Epidermis, epidermal trichomes)
3- Extraction methods
4- Ascending paper chromatography
5- Thin layer chromatography (effect of activity of adsorbent on Rf value)
6- Thin layer chromatography(effect of solvent polarity on Rf value)
7- Thin layer chromatography (two dimentional chromatography)
8- -Column chromatography (separation of dye mixture)
9- Carbohydrates (extraction and identification of starch, identification tests of
carbohydrates)
10- Extraction and identification of tannins
11
Syllabus:
1. Course title: Pharmacognosy II, 3rd year, 2nd course 2. number of credits (3) 2hr theory, 3hr practice 3- The course complies the following:
The course deals with the chemistry of crude drugs (Phytochemistry). Emphasis will be given to the study of bioactive constituents including glycosides and alkaloids. The study deals with their isolation, identification, structure activity relationship (SAR), medicinal uses and determination of these constituents, using chromatographic and spectroscopic methods.
4- Course Participants: 3rd year pharmacy students, 2nd course. 5- Instructors : - Dr. Alaadin M. Naqishbandi - Lana Yusef Mutaleb - Hazhar Muhamad
6- Course length 15 weeks 30 hr theory (15 X 2 hr), 45hr practice (15 X 3 hr)
4. Teaching methods – Theory (power point presentation) – practical (practical experiments, seminars) 5. Assessment (grading): summative assessment: – Midterm exam (theory subjects): 25% – Practical assessment 15%: – Final exam: 60% (50% theoretical subjects, 10% practical subjects)
12
Outline of course: A-Theoretical Syllabus
Subject Lecturer No of hrs
Glycosides –physical and chemical properties Dr. Alaadin Naqishbandi 1
Cardiac glycosides
Saponin glycosides 3
Anthraquinone glycosides
Flavonoid glycosides 3
Cyanogenetic glycosides
Isothiocyanate glycosides 1
Alcohol glycosides
Phenol glycosides
Lactone glycoside
3
Alkaloids , physical and chemical properties 2
Pyridine-piperidine alkaloids 2
Tropane alkaloids 3
Quinoline alkaloids 1 Isoquinoline alkaloids 4
Imidazol alkaloids 1 Indole alkaloids 4
Purine bases 1
Alkaloidal amines 1
B- B-Practical Syllabus
1- Extraction and identification of cardioactive glycosides
2- Extraction and identification of saponin glycosides
3- Extraction and identification of anthraquinone glycosides
4- Extraction and identification of flavonoid glycosides
5- Extraction and identification of Pyridine-piperidine alkaloids Extraction and
identification of tropane alkaloids
6- Extraction and identification of Indole alkaloids
7- Extraction and identification of Purine alkaloids.
8- Seminars prepared and presented by groups of students related to medicinal
plants.
13
Student's Feedback on the Subject
Date: Course: Year: Lecturer/tutor No. Evaluation Question Subject's
Level 1-5 Subjective Remarks
1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were clear 2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to the main
objects of the course
3 The material were prepared carefully as needed 4 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing tried to analyze the principles,
contents and the important points of the subject simply and properly.
5 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing kept my attention. 6 The lecturer/tutor came into the classroom on time and was committed
to the duration of the lecture.
7 The lecturer's behavior in the classroom was clam and respectful 8 The slides used in the lecturer were clear and attractive 9 At the end of the lecture, the lecturer gave the students a chance for
question and comments. His/her answers were complete
10 The reading sources are new and compliable with the subject.
Total of the level
Students to evaluate the level of the contents
1 2 3 4 5
Poor Accept Medium Good Very good
Student's Feedback on the Subject
Date: Course: Year: Lecturer/tutor
No.
Evaluation Question Subject's Level 1-5
Subjective Remarks
1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were clear 2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related
to the main objects of the course
3 The material were prepared carefully as needed 4 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing tried to analyze the
principles, contents and the important points of the subject simply and properly.
5 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing kept my attention. 6 The lecturer/tutor came into the classroom on time and was
committed to the duration of the lecture.
7 The lecturer's behavior in the classroom was clam and respectful
8 The slides used in the lecturer were clear and attractive 9 At the end of the lecture, the lecturer gave the students a
chance for question and comments. His/her answers were complete
10
The reading sources are new and compliable with the subject.
Total of the level
Students to evaluate the level of the contents
1 2 3 4 5
Poor Accept Medium Good Very good
14
Student's Feedback on the Subject
Date: Course: Year: Lecturer/tutor No. Evaluation Question Subject's
Level 1-5 Subjective Remarks
1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were clear 2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related
to the main objects of the course
3 The material were prepared carefully as needed 4 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing tried to analyze the
principles, contents and the important points of the subject simply and properly.
5 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing kept my attention. 6 The lecturer/tutor came into the classroom on time and was
committed to the duration of the lecture.
7 The lecturer's behavior in the classroom was clam and respectful
8 The slides used in the lecturer were clear and attractive 9 At the end of the lecture, the lecturer gave the students a
chance for question and comments. His/her answers were complete
10 The reading sources are new and compliable with the subject.
Total of the level
Students to evaluate the level of the contents
1 2 3 4 5
Poor Accept Medium Good Very good
Examinations:
- The exams will be held during the course. - Quizzes – during the practical hours. - Theoretical exams: midterm and final exam. - Final exam – Theoretical, Practical and Oral.
Theoretical: exams will be mixed
- MCQ. (Multiple choices questions) - SCQ. (Single choices Questions) - Short Essays - Diagrams - T and F statement selection
Practical exam:
- Written exam on practical subjects - Seminar presentation exam: will be held through a committee
On Answering: the student should
- read the question carefully - Think carefully before answering - Plan for answering - Answer should contain preface , content and conclusion - Answer should be precise and to the point
15
Samples of the expected questions and their answers: *T and F statement selection
1- Ginkgo biloba leaves contains aescin a saponin active constituents. * Short Essays Summarize the advantages of using herbal drugs.
*MCQ – sample: 1- Strychnine is a a- CNS stimulant belongs to indole alkaloids b- obtained from the bark of Erythroxylum plant c- obtained from the seeds of a beautiful palm that is cultivated in India, Asia and East
Africa.
d- Is an indole alkaloid with antidepressant activity
Student's Feedback on the Course
Date: Course: Year: Lecturer/tutor No. Evaluation Question Subject's
Level 1-5 Subjective Remarks
1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were clear 2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to the main
objects of the course
3 The coordinator teacher had worked hard to cooperate and prepare the material
4 The coordinator teacher had worked hard to cooperate and prepare the course
5 The lecturer were carefully selected and were expert in their field 6 The coordinator teacher gave a good attention to the student's criticism
and claim
7 Information on the Examination process was well provided 8 The questions of the exam were related to the content of the course 9 There is a potential to promote and develop the course in the following
areas:
10 Total of the level
Students to evaluate the level of the contents
1 2 3 4 5
Poor Accept Medium Good Very good
16
Medicinal Chemistry
Course Coordinator and list of teachers
1. Name of the course : Medicinal Chemistry 3rd
year
2. Lecturer in charge: Dana Muhammad H. A. Jaf
3. Department: Pharmaceutical Chemistry
4. Contact :
Address: Hawler Medical University
College of Pharmacy / Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Email: dana_pharma@yahoo.com
Email: danapharm@hotmail.com
Website link: www.hawlermu.org
5. Participant lecturers :
Dr. Shahla Jihad Ahmad
Course Overview
First, this course will present a review of those principles of inorganic chemistry those
apply to medicine and/ or pharmaceutical chemistry. The first chapter atomic and
molecular structure is devoted to the explanation of atomic structures as it relates to
bonding forces and complexation, the other chapter represent detailed discussion of
those inorganic agents used as pharmaceutical aids and necessities or as therapeutic and
diagnostic agents.
Secondly, it will give an understanding of the mechanism of drug action at molecular
level, stimulate the interest in understanding the role of medicinal chemistry in the
discovery and development of synthetic therapeutic agents, and study the effect of
physicochemical properties and drug biotransformation on drug action and therefore
cam compare the rational drug design with the classical drug design.
17
In addition this course is designed to incorporate a number of experiments for the
identification of certain drugs which are included in the theoretical course of inorganic
and organic pharmaceutical chemistry. The experiments are intended to train the
undergraduate pharmacy students to use different chemical reactions and various
analytical methods for preparation and assay of some representative drugs of different
classes and also to meet the students need for a concise skill on practical analytical
pharmaceutical chemistry.
Course Objectives
1. Describe those products including: buffers, antioxidants, fluid electrolytes, topical
agents, biochemically important ions and therapy-ethically important ions as
antacids, cathartics, antidote and radiopharmaceuticals both as diagnostic and
therapeutic agents.
2. Relates the following physicochemical properties on drug action:
a. Partition coefficient
b. Acid base properties
3. Explain the theories that have evolved to account for the mechanism of drug action
and the type of force involved.
4. Drug distribution after different dosage forms.
5. The theoretical aspects and mechanisms of drug biotransformation and its effect on
drug action
6.
Course Reading List:
1. Text Book – Wilson and Gisvold's Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, edited by Delgado and W. A. Remer's, 11th
edition (2004).
2. Reference – Medicinal Chemistry by Ashutosh Kar
3. Introduction to medicinal chemistry by Alex Gringauz
4. Inorganic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry by Block, Roche, Soine, and
Wilson
18
Syllabus:
1. Course title: Medicinal Chemistry 3rd
year
2. Number of credits 8: 3hr theory 3hr practice (2 semester = 30 weeks)
The course complies the following:
Atomic and molecular structure/ complexation:
Electrolytes:
- Major extra and intra cellular electrolytes
- Electrolyte replacement therapy
- Essential and trace ions
- Non essential ions
- Acid-base imbalance
Dental Products
- Fluoride supplements
- Inorganic substances included in toothpaste
GIT Agents
- Antacids
- Protective and adsorbents
- Official saline cathartics
Radiopharmaceuticals and contrast media
- Radiopharmaceutical agents
- Contrast media
Topical Agents
- Deodorant
- Antiseptic
- Disinfectant
- Antifungal
Physicochemical properties in relation to biological action
- Complex of events between drug administration and drug action
- Sites of loss
- Sites of action
- Drug-receptor interactions
- The drug receptor
- The Drug-receptor interaction and subsequent events
- Rational drug design
- Selected physicochemical properties
Metabolism
- General pathways of drug metabolism and sites of drug biotransformation
19
- Role of cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases in oxidative biotransformation
- Oxidative reactions
- Reductive reactions
- Hydrolytic reactions
- Conjugation reactions
- Factors affecting drug metabolism
Drug stability
- Chemical stability
- Physical stability
Assessment (grading): summative assessment:
First semester: 20%
Second semester: 20%
Final exam: 60%
Outline of course:
Subject Lecturer No. of hrs
1- Electrolytes: Dana Muhammad 11
Major extra and intra cellular electrolytes 2
Electrolyte replacement therapy 2
Essential and trace ions 3
Non essential ions 2
Acid-base imbalance 2
Subject Lecturer No. of hrs
2- Dental Products: Dana Muhammad 2
Fluoride supplements 1
Inorganic substances included in toothpaste 1
Subject Lecturer No. of hrs
3- G.I.T Agents: Dana Muhammad 4 Antacids 2
Protective and adsorbents 1
Official saline cathartics 1
Subject Lecturer No. of hrs
4- Radiopharmaceuticals and contrast
media:
Dana Muhammad 6
20
Radiopharmaceutical agents 4
Contrast media 2
Subject Lecturer No. of hrs
6- Topical Agents: Dana Muhammad 15
Disinfectant 4
Antiseptic 4
Antifungal 6
Deodorant 1
Subject Lecturer No. of hrs
8- Drug stability: Dana Muhammad 4
Chemical stability 2
Physical stability 2
Subject Lecturer No. of hrs
8- Atomic and molecular structure/
complexation:
Dr. Shahla Jihad 6
Complexes and chelating agents 2
Acids and bases 2
Oxidation-reduction reactions 2
Subject Lecturer No. of hrs
5- Physicochemical properties in relation to biological
action:
Dana Muhammad 27
Complex of events between drug administration and drug
action
3
Sites of loss 2
Sites of action 2
The drug receptor 5
Drug-receptor interactions 2
The Drug-receptor interaction and subsequent events 3
Rational drug design 2
Selected physicochemical properties 8
21
Practical Syllabus
90 hr.
3 hr / week 1- Introduction 3
2- Analytical Methods 3
3-Preparation and standardization of 1 N hydrochloric acid 3
4- Preparation and standardization of 1 N sodium hydroxide 3
5- Assay of sodium hydroxide solution 3
6- Assay of sodium benzoate solution 3
7- Assay of sodium salicylate solution 3
8- Assay of borax 3
9- Assay of citric acid 3
10- Assay of ammoniated mercury 3
11- Preparation and standardization of 0.1 N potassium permanganate 3
12- Assay of hydrogen peroxide solution 3
13- Preparation and standardization of 0.1 N sodium thiosulfate 3
14- Assay of copper sulfate 3
15- Assay of chlorinated lime in bleaching powder 3
16- Preparation and assay of aqueous iodine solution 3
17- Assay of ferric ammonium citrate 3
18- Assay of ferrous gluconate tablets 3
19- Assay of ferrous fumarate tablets 3
20- Assay of ferric ion by iodometric method 3
21- Assay of magnesium sulfate 3
22- Assay of alum 3
23- Assay of sodium lactate injection 3
24- Determination of % w/v of total chloride by Volhard's method 3
25- Determination of % w/v of calcium chloride by complexometric titration 3
26- Assay of ascorbic acid 3
27- Assay of fluoride ion in toothpaste 3
28- Assay of magnesium sulfate injection 3
29- Assay of lactate in Ringer solution 3
30- Assay of methylparaben 3
22
Student's Feedback on the Subject
Date: Course: Year: Lecturer/tutor No.
Evaluation Question Subject's Level 1-5
Subjective Remarks
1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were clear 2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to the
main objects of the course
3 The material were prepared carefully as needed 4 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing tried to analyze the principles,
contents and the important points of the subject simply and
properly.
5 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing kept my attention. 6 The lecturer/tutor came into the classroom on time and was
committed to the duration of the lecture.
7 The lecturer's behavior in the classroom was clam and respectful 8 The slides used in the lecturer were clear and attractive 9 At the end of the lecture, the lecturer gave the students a chance
for question and comments. His/her answers were complete
10 The reading sources are new and compliable with the subject.
Total of the level
Students to evaluate the level of the contents
1 2 3 4 5
Poor Accept Medium Good Very good
Student's Feedback on the Subject
Date: Course: Year: Lecturer/tutor No. Evaluation Question Subject's
Level 1-5 Subjective
Remarks 1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were clear 2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to
the main objects of the course
3 The material were prepared carefully as needed 4 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing tried to analyze the
principles, contents and the important points of the subject
simply and properly.
5 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing kept my attention. 6 The lecturer/tutor came into the classroom on time and was
committed to the duration of the lecture.
7 The lecturer's behavior in the classroom was clam and
respectful
8 The slides used in the lecturer were clear and attractive 9 At the end of the lecture, the lecturer gave the students a
chance for question and comments. His/her answers were complete
10 The reading sources are new and compliable with the subject.
Total of the level
Students to evaluate the level of the contents
1 2 3 4 5
Poor Accept Medium Good Very good
23
Student's Feedback on the Subject
Date: Course: Year: Lecturer/tutor No.
Evaluation Question Subject's Level 1-5
Subjective Remarks
1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were clear 2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to the
main objects of the course
3 The material were prepared carefully as needed 4 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing tried to analyze the
principles, contents and the important points of the subject
simply and properly.
5 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing kept my attention. 6 The lecturer/tutor came into the classroom on time and was
committed to the duration of the lecture.
7 The lecturer's behavior in the classroom was clam and
respectful
8 The slides used in the lecturer were clear and attractive 9 At the end of the lecture, the lecturer gave the students a
chance for question and comments. His/her answers were
complete
10 The reading sources are new and compliable with the subject.
Total of the level
Students to evaluate the level of the contents
1 2 3 4 5
Poor Accept Medium Good Very good
Examinations:
- The exams will be held during the course.
- Quizzes – during the practical hours.
- Theoretical exams: one per semester.
- Practical exams: one or two per semester.
- Final exam – Theoretical, Practical and Oral.
Theoretical: exams will be mixed
- MCQ. (Multiple choices questions)
- SCQ. (Single choices Questions)
- Short Essays
- Diagrams
Practical exam:
- Practical related Questions
- Theoretical related Questions
- Assay of unknown drug
24
- Identification of unknown drug
On Answering: the student should
- Read the question carefully
- Think carefully before answering
- Plan your answering
- Answer should contain preface , content and conclusion
- Answer should be precise and to the point
Samples of the expected questions and their answers:
*MCQ – sample:
In the Becket hypothesis (for proper binding):
- (T) a – Tertiary nitrogen is required.
- (T) b –Central carbon is essential.
- (T) c – Phenyl ring attached to central carbon is needed.
- (F) d – The central carbon should be far from tertiary nitrogen by three carbon atom
*SCQ – sample
- All of the following are factors affecting drug metabolism except:
A – Age
B – Sex
C – Food
D – Strain
- Short essays
Give a the ideal properties of preservative
25
Student's Feedback on the Course
Date: Course: Year: Lecturer/tutor No. Evaluation Question Subject's
Level 1-5 Subjective
Remarks 1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were clear 2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to the main
objects of the course
3 The coordinator teacher had worked hard to cooperate and prepare the material
4 The coordinator teacher had worked hard to cooperate and prepare the
course
5 The lecturer were carefully selected and were expert in their field 6 The coordinator teacher gave a good attention to the student's criticism
and claim
7 Information on the Examination process was well provided 8 The questions of the exam were related to the content of the course 9 Total of the level 10 There is a potential to promote and develop the course in the following
areas:
Students to evaluate the level of the contents
1 2 3 4 5
Poor Accept Medium Good Very good
26
Biochemistry Course
Coordinator and list of teachers
1. name of the course : Biochemistry 3rd
year
2. Lecturer. in charge : Dr. Showan D. Husain
3. Dept. : Clinical Analysis
4. Contact :
Address: Hawler Medical University
College of Pharmacy / Dept. Clinical Analysis
Email : showand_2000@yahoo.com
Website link: www.hawlermu.org
5. Participant lecturers :
a - Dr.Sanna Ghadhban
b- Dr.Shatha Rouf
c- Dr.Basima Sadiq
d-
Course Overview: To understand the main concept of human
biochemisty that is relevant to pharmaceutical
sciences
Course Objectives : At the end of this course the student should be
able to:
a. Understand the principle of biochemistry by studing the biochemistry of
carbohydrate ,protein ,hormones,enzymes & lipids.
b. Understand the storage and expression of genetic information.
Syllabus:
6. Course title: Biochemistry 3 rd
year.
7. Theoritical Biochemistry ,Credit hours = 3 hours
8. Practical Biochemistry ,Credit hour = 1 hour
First Course Introduction to biochemistry
1- Biochemistry of carbohydrate / Six hours / Dr. Showan
- Definition
- Biomedical importance
- Isomerism & their types
- Carbohydrate chemistry
- Classification
- Monosaccharides&their chemical reaction
- Trioses
- Tetroses
- Pentoses
27
- Hexoses
- Pyranose &Furanose structures
- Mutarotation
- Formation of O- Glycosidic linkage & N—glycosidic linkage
- Disaccharides
- Physical Properties
- Structure
- Reducing properties
- Sucrose &its synthesis
- Maltose &its synthesis
- Lactose & its synthesis
- Polysaccharides
- Homopolysaccharides
- Hetropolysaccharides
- Glycogen
- Starch (amylose &amylopectin)
- Dextran
- Cellulose
- Carbohydrate Derivatives
- Amino Sugar
- Glycosugar
- Mucopolysaccharides
a- Proteoglycan
b- Hepatin
c- Chondriotin Sulphate
d- Keratin Sulphate
e- Dermatin Sulphate
II. Protein / Six hours / Dr. Shatha
- Primary structure of protein
- Secondary structure of protein
- Tertiary structure of protein
- Quaternary structure of protein
- Biomedical Importance
III. Amino Acid & peptides structure / six hours / Dr. Shatha
- Biomedical Importance
- Classification of amino acids
- Physical properties
- Reactions of amino acid
- Biological active amines
- Zwitterr ion
- Isoelectric point
- Peptide Structure
- Medical importance
- Glutathion
- Chemotactic peptides
- Analgesic peptides
- Cyclic peptides
- Toxic peptides
IV. Lipids physiology & Biochemistry / five hours /Dr. Showan
28
- Biomedical Importance
- General properties &classification
- Fats & oils
- Waxes
- Phospholipids
- Glycolipids
- Prostaglandins
- Steroids
- Lipid peroxidation
- Antioxidants
V.Nucleotides / three hours / Dr. Sanna
- Nucleosides & Nucleotides
- Nucleic acid (DNA ,RNA) Structure & Function
VI .Storage & Expression of Genetic Information / six hours/
Dr. Sanna
- The Genetic code
- Transcription & translation mechanism
- Mitation
- Protein biosynthesis
VII.Enzymes: / six hours / Dr. Basima
- Properties
- Activators & Inhibitors
- Mode of enzyme action
- Apoenzyme &Co enzyme
- Nomenclature
- Classification
- Role of metal in enzyme activity
Second Course
I. Effect of hormones on body tissue eight hours / Dr. Shatha
- Endocrine gland
- Classification of Hormones
- Types of messengers ( mode of action)
- Physiological factors effect on hormone secretion
- Growth Hormone
- Glucocorticoid
- Insulin
- Androgen
- Estrogen
- Thyroxin
II. carbohydrate Metabolism / eight hours / Dr. Showan
- Digestion & Absorption
- Glycolysis &the Oxidation of Pyruvate
- Citric acid cycle
- Electron Tranport Chain
29
- Gluconeogenesis
- Pentose Mono Phosphate Shunt
- Glycogen metabolism
- Interconversion of carbohydrate to lipid and protein metabolism
III. Protein Metabolism / six hours / Dr.sanna
- Digestion & Absorption of protein
- General metabolism of nitrogen
- Fate of absorbed of amino acid
- Fate of the amino removed
- Role of liver in protein metabolim
- Urea Formation
- Fate of carbon skeleton
IV. Lipid Metabolism / six hours / Dr.Showan
- Digestion & absorption
- Metabolism of plasma lipoproteins
- Metabolism of free fatty acids
- Metabolism
- cholesterol
- Ketone –bodies
V. Nucleotide Metabolism / three hours /Dr.sanna
- Purine & Pyrimidin metabolism
- Uric acid excretion
VI. Vitamins / six hours / Dr.Basima
- Classification
- Fat soluble vitamin
- water soluble vitamin
VII. Metabolism of creatine / three hours/ Dr. Basima
- Chemistry ,synthesis,function ,fate &excretion
- Creatin metabolism
VIII. Metabolism of Heme / six hours/ Dr.Basima
- Biochemistry of Heme
- Synthesis
Assessment (grading): summative assessment:
1st semester 20%:
2nd
semester 20%:
Final exam: 60%
Text book and references:
- Lippincotts Illustrated Reviews : Biochemistry by Richard A.
Harvey, Pamela C. and Denise R. Ferrier .4th
edition .2008
- Chemistry for the health Sciences by George I sackheim and
Dennis D. Lehman 8th
edition
- Harper Biochemistery by D.W. Martin ,P.A. Mayes V.W. Rodwell
30
Practical Syllabus.
Week Subject
1st
- General reaction of carbohydrates effects of acid & heat
- Effect of strong acid and heat
2 nd
- Effects of alkali and heat on carbohydrates
- Iodine test
3rd
- Identification of unknown carbohydrates
4th
- Color reaction of proteins
5 th
- Color reaction of proteins
6 th
- Lipids
- Solubility of lipids in different solution
- presence of fats and oils in solution
7 th
- Lipids
- Preparation of soap
- Salting out of the soap
- Formation of insoluble soap
- Saturated and unsaturated fatty acid
8 th
General reaction of carbohydrate II
Effect of weak acid &heat
9 th
Fermentation reaction
10 th
Osazon reaction
11 th
Precipitation of proteins
PH
Concentration of neutral salts
12 th
- Dielectic constant of solvent
- Alkaloidal agent. - Heat
13 th
-Enzymes
- Catalase ,Acid phosphatase and Urase
14 th
- Factors effect on enzymatic activity
- Temperature
15 th
- Concentration of enzyme
- Subcellular location of enzyme
16 th
- Nucleic acids
- Alkaline phosphatase
17 th
- Acid phosphatase
18 th
- Vitamin. -Vitamin C
19 th
- Final examination
31
Student's Feedback on the Subject
Date: Course: Year: Lecturer/tutor No. Evaluation Question Subject's
Level 1-5 Subjective Remarks
1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were clear 2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to the main
objects of the course
3 The material were prepared carefully as needed 4 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing tried to analyze the principles, contents
and the important points of the subject simply and properly.
5 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing kept my attention. 6 The lecturer/tutor came into the classroom on time and was committed to
the duration of the lecture.
7 The lecturer's behavior in the classroom was clam and respectful 8 The slides used in the lecturer were clear and attractive 9 At the end of the lecture, the lecturer gave the students a chance for
question and comments. His/her answers were complete
10 The reading sources are new and compliable with the subject.
Total of the level
Students to evaluate the level of the contents
1 2 3 4 5
Poor Accept Medium Good Very good
Student's Feedback on the Subject
Date: Course: Year: Lecturer/tutor N
o. Evaluation Question Subject's Level
1-5 Subjective
Remarks 1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were clear 2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to the
main objects of the course
3 The material were prepared carefully as needed 4 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing tried to analyze the principles,
contents and the important points of the subject simply and
properly.
5 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing kept my attention. 6 The lecturer/tutor came into the classroom on time and was
committed to the duration of the lecture.
7 The lecturer's behavior in the classroom was clam and respectful 8 The slides used in the lecturer were clear and attractive 9 At the end of the lecture, the lecturer gave the students a chance
for question and comments. His/her answers were complete
10 The reading sources are new and compliable with the subject.
Total of the level
Students to evaluate the level of the contents
1 2 3 4 5
Poor Accept Medium Good Very good
32
Student's Feedback on the Subject
Date: Course: Year: Lecturer/tutor N
o. Evaluation Question Subject's
Level 1-5 Subjective
Remarks 1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were clear 2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to the
main objects of the course
3 The material were prepared carefully as needed 4 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing tried to analyze the principles,
contents and the important points of the subject simply and
properly.
5 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing kept my attention. 6 The lecturer/tutor came into the classroom on time and was
committed to the duration of the lecture.
7 The lecturer's behavior in the classroom was clam and respectful 8 The slides used in the lecturer were clear and attractive 9 At the end of the lecture, the lecturer gave the students a chance
for question and comments. His/her answers were complete
10 The reading sources are new and compliable with the subject.
Total of the level
Students to evaluate the level of the contents
1 2 3 4 5
Poor Accept Medium Good Very good
Examinations:
- The exams will be held during the course.
- Quizzes – during the practical hours.
- Theoretical exams: one per semester.
- Practical exams: one or two per semester.
- Final exam – Theoretical, Practical and Oral.
Theoretical: exams will be mixed
- MCQ. (Multiple choices questions)
- SCQ. (Single choices Questions)
- Short Assays
33
Student's Feedback on the Course
Date: Course: Year: Lecturer/tutor No.
Evaluation Question Subject's Level 1-5
Subjective Remarks
1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were clear 2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to the main
objects of the course
3 The coordinator teacher had worked hard to cooperate and prepare the
material
4 The coordinator teacher had worked hard to cooperate and prepare the course
5 The lecturer were carefully selected and were expert in their field 6 The coordinator teacher gave a good attention to the student's criticism
and claim
7 Information on the Examination process was well provided 8 The questions of the exam were related to the content of the course 9 Total of the level 1
0 There is a potential to promote and develop the course in the following
areas:
Students to evaluate the level of the contents
1 2 3 4 5
Poor Accept Medium Good Very good
34
Hawler Medical University
College of Pharmacy
Depretment of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Course Book
Pharmacology 3rd Year
Pharmacology Course Coordinator and list of Teachers
1. Name of the course: Pharmacology 3rd
year
2. Lecture in charge: Dr. Mohamad Sherwan + Dr.Taghrid Al-Taei
3. Department: Pharmacology and Toxicology
4. Contact: Hawler Medical University
Collage of Pharmacy – Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Email: sherwan-10@hotmil, tagreedaltaei@yahoo.com
Website link: www.hawlermu.org
5. Participant lecturers:
a. Dr. Muhamad Sherwan
b. Dr. Taghrid Al-Taei
c. MSc. Muhammad Abdulla
d. MSc. Sazan Dakhil
e. MSc. Feras Majid Adwar
f. BSc. Maysoon Abdulwahab
Course Overview
The develop an understanding of basic knowledge in drug and the pharmacological bases of drug
classes to enable students to practice the proper, effective and safe use of drug.
Course Objective the students should be able define different pharmacological terms and activities of drug in biological
system and demonstrate the mechanism behind the drug action, the processes which occur during
movement of drug through body compartments. In addition emphases is directed towards the study of
activity of drug in different physiological system of the body, this done on molecular, cellular and
tissue levels to illustrate the role of these drugs in corrections of different pathophysiological
condition. At the end of the course the student should have learned all the individual drugs, thei
Pharmacology 3rd
r indications, contraindications, side effects, interactions, toxicities …. etc.
Course Reading List
1. Goodman and Gilman: The pharmacological Basis of Therapeutic, 10th Ed., Joel G. Hardman
and Lee E. limited, 2003, McGraw-Hill.
2. Clinical Pharmacology, 9th Ed., D. R. Laurence, P. N. Bennett and M. J. Brown, 2002, Clinical
Living Stone.
35
Syllabus 1. Course title: Pharmacology 3
rd year.
2. 3hr. theory and 3hr. practice.
The course complies the following:
Introduction: Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic.
Pharmacology of Autonomic nervous system.
Chemotherapy of infection.
Antibacteral drug.
Course Participants: 3rd
year pharmacy students.
Instructors:
Dr. Muhamad Sherwan
Dr. Nedal Abdulkader
M. Muslih A. Ibrahim
Course length 30 weeks (yearly program)
Outline of Course
Subject Lecturer No. of hrs.
General principles of pharmacology
A. Historical review and definitions in pharmacology
B. Pharmacodynamics
General principles of drug action
Classification of receptors
Quantitative aspects of drug-receptor interation
Agonists (full, partial and inverse)
Antagonists
Desensitisation and tachyphylaxis
Dr. Needal 6
Pharmacokinetics:
A. Absorption and distribution of drugs
Movement of drug molecules across cell barriers
Binding of drugs to plasma proteins
Partition into body fat and other tissues
Routes of drug administration
Drug disposition
B. Drug Metabolism and Elimination
Phase I reaction
Enzyme induction and inhibition
Phase II reaction
First pass effect
Half life time
Renal excretion of drugs
Biliary excretion and enterohepatic circulation
Dr. Needal 6
Pharmacology of Autonomic Nervous System
Introduction
Transmitters and co-transmitters in the autonomic nervous
system
General principles of neurotransmission
Dr. Sherwan
M. Muslih
15
36
Physiological role of noradrenergic transmission
Noradrenaline synthesis, storage, re-uptake and metabolism
Adrenoceptors and their classification
Drugs acting on noradrenergic transmission
A. Sympathomimetices
1. directly acting (catecholamine and adrenergic)
2. indirectly acting
B. Sympatholytics
1. adrenoceptors antagonists (α and β)
2. other affecting synthesis, release and uptake of
noradrenaline.
Physiological role of cholinergic transmission.
Acetylcholine synthesis and release.
Muscarinic and nicotinic receptors
Drugs acting on cholinergic transmission
A. parathympathomimetics
1. muscarinic agonists
2. anticholineesterases (reversible and irreversible)
B. muscarinic receptors antagonists
Drugs affecting ganglia
A. ganglionic stimulants
B. ganglionic blocking drugs
Neuromuscular Blooking Drugs
A. non-depolarising competieive blocking drugs
B. depolarising blocking drugs
Chemotherapy of Infections
A. biochemical basis of chemotherapy
B. biochemical reaction as potential targets (cell wall
synthesis, protein synthesis, nucleic acid synthesis..)
C. resistance to antibiotics
D. biochemical mechanisms to antibiotics
Dr. Needal 6
Antibacterial Drugs
A. beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillin, cephalosprin
and cephamycins, other beta-lactam antibiotics)
B. anti-microbial agents affecting bacterial protein
synthesis (tetracyclins, chloramphinicol,
aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides,
fucidic acid)
C. anti-microbials which interfere with the synthesis
or action of folate (sulphonamides and trimethoprim).
D. anti-microbial agents affecting topoisomerase II
(fluoroquinolones).
E. anti-mycobacterial agents (drug used for treatment of
TB and drug used to treat leprosy).
F. miscellaneous antibacterial agents (glycopeptide
antibiotics, polymixin antibiotics, metronidazole, nitrofurantoin
Dr. Needal 9
Anti-fungal drugs
A. antifungal antibiotics (amphotericin, nystatin, grisofulvin)
Dr. Sherwan 3
37
Teaching methods- Theory (power point presentation) / practical (experiments)
Assessment (grading): summative assessment.
1st semester 20%
2nd semester 20%
Final exam 60%
B. synthetic antifungal agents (azoles, terbinafine, naftifine)
Reference Books:
A. Goodman and Gilman: The pharmacological Basis of
Therapeutic, 10th Ed., Joel G. Hardman and Lee E. limited,
2003, McGraw-Hill.
B. Clinical Pharmacology, 9th Ed., D. R. Laurence, P. N.
Bennett and M. J. Brown, 2002, Clinical Living Stone.
38
Hawler Medical University College of Pharmacy Department of Clinical Analysis Course Book
Pathology 3rd year Students
Course Coordinator:
Dr. Maysoon Al-Haideri
Pathology
Course description: Pathology is regarded as a backbone for medical science; it acts as
a bridge between preclinical and clinical cases. Pathology is essential for the diagnosis
of diseases, modern therapeutics, and the formulation of prognosis and restoration of
health.
This Pathology course will apply knowledge of normal anatomy and physiology to
promote a clear understanding of disease processes. It introduces the student to the
common body responses and manifestations of disease that result from imbalance in
homeostasis of the body.
The course will address common well-defined alterations involving: cell injury,
necrosis, inflammation, wound healing, and neoplasia. These concepts are applied in a
systems-oriented approach to disease processes affecting musculoskeletal,
cardiopulmonary, renal, nervous, gastrointestinal, immune, hematological and
endocrine systems.
The aim of the course is to teach students the pathogenesis of various symptoms and
diseases affecting the human body. Altered, physiological functions of human organs
are explained. By the end of the course, students should be able to understand the
relation between the symptoms and the disease, which might be helpful in differential
diagnosis. At the end of each lecture and laboratory session we give the students
questions and divide them into groups then we discuss the questions.
39
Course Objectives:
By the end of this course the students should be able to:
1- Demonstrate the ability to correlate physiology of the systems with pathologic
findings.
2- Discuss the main causes of cell injury, distinguish reversible and irreversible cell
injury, describe the principle mechanism of cell injury, and describe how the
consequences of injury depend on cell-related factors and cause-related factors.
3- Explain the phenomenon of inflammation and its relationship to disease.
4- Discuss the implication of different patterns of wound healing.
5- Describe alterations of the cardiovascular system: arteriosclerosis,
atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction.
6- Describe alterations in the digestive system: motility disorders, ulcers, colitis,
Crohns disease, diverticulosis, appendicitis, liver and biliary disease, and
pancreatitis.
7- Describe the natural defenses of the body, immune system, and immunological
disorders.
8- Differentiate between changes in the structure and function of the human body
associated with aging process and changes associated with diseases.
Syllabus:
3. Course title: Pathology 3rd
year.
The course complies the following:
Introduction to physiological concepts affecting individuals and the biological
basis for diseases.
Course Participants 3rd
year pharmacy students.
Instructors:
1- Dr. Abdul Khadir Aziz
2- Dr. Maysoon Al-Haideri
3- Dr. Ava Tahir
4- Dr. Rafal Abdul Razak
Two Courses length 15 weeks each (pathology with laboratory in the first course and
pathophysiology in the second course )
Assessment (grading):
Practical mid term exam 15%
Theory mid term exam 25%
Final exam: 60%:
40
Course Reading List:
1- Robbins Basic Pathology , 8th
edition
2- Pathophysiology—Ivan Damjanov, 1st edition, 2009
References:
1- Ackerman Surgical Pathology
2- Sternberg Surgical pathology
1st Course Lecture Schedule (Pathology)
Number of credits: 2hr theory
Week
No.
Topic No of hrs
PATHOLOGY
1 Introduction and divisions of pathology 2
2 Cell injury , necrosis and cellular adaptation 4
3 Amyloidosis and hyaline changes 2
4 Intracellular deposition & pigmentation 2
5 Inflammation and healing 4
6 Inflammation and healing
7 Repair, cell regeneration, fibrosis and wound healing 2
8 Hemodynamic disorders, thrombosis and shock 4
9 Hemodynamic disorders, thrombosis and shock
10 Disorders of the immune system 4
11 Disorders of the immune system
12 Disturbance of growth & Neoplasia 6
13 Disturbance of growth & Neoplasia
14 Disturbance of growth & Neoplasia
Final examination
41
2nd
Course Lecture Schedule (Pathophysiology)
Number of credits: 2hr theory
Week No. Topic No of hrs
Pathophysiology
1 Infectious diseases 2
2 Blood vessels 2
3 The heart 2
4 Lymphoid systems 2
5 Haematology 6
6 Haematology
7 Haematology
8 Gastrointestinal tract, liver and biliary tract 6
9 Gastrointestinal tract, liver and biliary tract
10 Gastrointestinal tract, liver and biliary tract
11 Lungs and the upper respiratory tract 4
12 The kidney and its collecting system 4
13 The kidney and its collecting system
14 The female genital system & male genital systems 2
15 The female genital system & male genital systems
FINAL EXAM
Laboratory Schedule Number of credits: 1hr lab.
NO. TOPIC No of
hrs
1 Introduction 3
2 Necrosis & dystrophic calcification 3
3 Acute inflammation 3
4 Chronic inflammation 3
5 Abscess & ulcer 3
6 Edema, congestion, hyperemia, hemorrhage 3
7 Diseases of blood vessels (atherosclerosis) 3
8 Diseases of the heart (myocardial infarction) 3
9 Benign tumors 3
10 Malignant tumors 3
11 Gastrointestinal tract diseases 3
12 Respiratory system 3
13 Lymphoid system 3
14 Renal system 3
15 Haematology (normal blood film and bone
marrow, anemia, leukaemia, multiple myeloma)
3
42
Course outline: Subject Lecturer
Introduction to pathology
- what is pathology
- etiology of disease
- terms commonly used in pathology:
Lesion ,pathogenesis ,diagnosis and prognosis
- Classification of pathology
-Diagnostic methods used in pathology
-Why do you study pathology
-Classification of diseases
Dr. Rafal
Cell injury and necrosis
-definition and causes of cell injury
- examples of cell injury (reversible cellular changes)
-cell swelling
-hydropic degeneration
-fatty change
-mucinous and myxomatous changes
-disturbances of glycogen metabolism
-stromal fatty infiltration
- Causes and definition of
necrosis
- gross appearance and microscopical pictures of necrotic
tissue
-biochemical changes in necrotic tissue
-fate and results of necrosis
-apoptosis
Dr. rafal
AMYLODOSIS AND HYAINE CHANGES
- definition
-Physical nature of amyloid
-chemical nature of amyloid
-classification of amyloidosis
-pathogenesis
-clinical correlation
Dr. rafal
Intracellular deposition & pigmentation
- Calcification ,definition and pathology of calcification
Fea- types , -types , causes and effects of calcification
- Definition, type, and sources of
Pigmentation
Dr.rafal
Disturbance of growth & Neoplasia
- aplasia and hypoplasia
-Atrophy (definition, causes and types of atrophy)
-Hyperplasia(definition ,causes , gross and microscopical
features of hyperplastic tissues
-hypertrophy (causes and types )
-heterotopia (definition and examples )
-metaplsia (definition and types )
-Dysplasia
-Neoplasia (Tumors)
-definition of neoplasia
Dr. ava
43
-classification according to behavior and histogenesis
-general features of benign and malignant tumors
-cells of tumors
-rate of growth of tumors
-differentiation in tumors
-angiogenesisin tumors
-nomenclature (toxonomy0 of tumors
-histogenesis classification
Benign epithelial tumors ,examples-
-malignant epithelial tumors ,examples
-Connective tissue tumors |(benign and malignant with
examples )
-mixed tumors
-premalgnant conditions
-spread of malignant tumors
-local and distant spread (metastases)
-steps involved in the spread of malignant cells
-routes of the spread of malignant tumors
-grading and staging of malignat tumors
-effect of tumors on the host
-carcinogenesis(initiation and promotions main
carcinogen)
Subject Lecturer
Inflammation and Healing
- What is inflammation
-causes of inflammation
-classification of inflammation according to duration
-signs and mechanisms of acute inflammation
-exudate and exudation in acute inflammation
-classification of inflammation according to the texture of
exudate
-chemotaxis in acute inflammation
-endogenous chemical mediators
-chronic inflammation
-causes with gross and microscopic features
-healing and regeneration
-healing of wound by first union
Healing of wound by secondary union
Healing of bone fracture
Complication of wound healing(factors enhancing and
delaying this process)
Dr.MAYSOON
Disturbances of Circulation
-Edema(definition , causes and mechanisms of edema)
-transudate and exudates
-Clinical manifeastation of edema
- congestion and hyperemia (definition , causes and
mechanisms)
-lung and liver congestion
-Thrombosis (definition)
-causes of thrombosis
Dr. AVA
44
-composition of thrombi
-fate of thrombi
- Embolism (definition and causes )
- Infraction (definition)
-causes of vascular occlusion .
-types of infarction
-gross and microscopical features of infarction.
-shock (definition)
-classification
-progression
Infectious Diseases
- Introduction
- Tuberculosis
-pathogenesis
-classification
-clinical correlation
- Leprosy
-morphology
-classification
Dr. Rafal
Abdul Razak
Lymphoid tissue -definition
- Reactive lymphadenitis(acute and chronic non specific
lymph adenitis )
- Hodgkins lymphoma(types and clinical correlation )
- Non Hodgkins lymphoma (types and clinical correlation )
Gastrointestinal tract and Liver
- Esophagus:
outlines
Hitus hernia
Mallory-Weiss Syndrome
Reflux esophagitis
Barrett esophagus
Benign tumors
Malignant tumors
- Stomach:
outlines
Acute and chronic gastritis
Peptic ulcer
tumors
- Intestinal tract:
outlines
Celiac disease
Diverticulosis
Inflammatory bowel disease
Crohns disease
Ulcerative colitis
Tumors
- Liver:
Outlines
Acute and chronic hepatitis
Cirrhosis
Tumors
45
Respiratory system
Outlines
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Asthma
Atelectasis
Bronchitis
Emphysema
Pneumonia
Pneumoconiosis
Lung tumors
The kidneys
Outlines
Nephritic syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome
Pyelonephritis
Tubulointerstitial nephritis
tumors
Subject Lecturer
Hematology:
- Blood formation
Site of blood formation
- Anticoagulant used in haematology
- Staining used in haematology
- Haemopoiesis and step maturation in bone
marrow
- Anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
Macrocytic anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Symptomatic anemia
Aplastic anemia
Hemolytic anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Leukemia
Acute leukaemia
Chronic leukaemia
Myeloid and lymphoproliferative disorders
Dr. Abdul
Khadir
Aziz
47
Subject Lecturer
Disorder of immune system
- Immunity
- Natural defences and immunity
immunity
- Humoral immunity
- Cellular immunity
- Other component of the immune response
- Hypersensitivity
- Autoimmune disease
- Transplantation
- Immunodeficiency
Dr. Maysoon Al-Haideri
Pathology and Diseases of heart
- Normal structure and functions of heart
- Failure to the pump
- An obstruction to flow
- Regurgitant flow
- Disorder of cardiac
conduction
- Disruption of the continuity
of the circulatory system
Heart Diseases:
The major forms of heart diseases are:
- Congenital heart disease
- Ischemic heart disease
- Hypertensive heart disease
( systemic and pulmonary)
- Valvular disorders
- Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart
disease
- Dysrhythmias
- Infective Endocarditis (IE)
Pathology and Diseases of the blood vessels
- Vascular wall cells and their response to
injury
- Endothelial cell properties and function
- Vascular smooth muscle cells
- Intimal thickening
- Disorders of blood vessels
- Arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis and
their risk factors
- Hypertensive vascular disease
- Aneurysm
48
Examinations:
- The exams will be held during the course.
- Quizzes – during the practical hours.
- Theoretical exams: one per semester.
- Practical exams: one or two per semester.
- Final exam – Theoretical, Practical
Theoretical: exams will include different types of question.
Samples of the expected questions and their answers:
Q1- Mark each of the following by (T) if true or (F) if false, in front
of each of them. Two wrong answers will cancel a correct one,
a- Cardiovascular dysfunction results from:
( F ) 1 - decrease pressure of the chumber that pumps against the
obstruction.
( T ) 2 - disorder of cardiac conduction.
( F ) 3- does not have effect on cardiac muscle contracts.
( F ) 4- heart chambers can empty blood properly.
b- Interleukin-1 (IL-1):
( F ) 1 - derived mainly from the neutrophils
( T ) 2 - Induced fever
( T ) 3 - effect on endothelial and fibroblast cells
( F ) 4 – is mediator that derived from plasma
Q2- Fill in the blanks with the appropriate answer:
1- In type III hypersensitivity, antibody reacts with antigen forming
antigen-antibody complexes that can be deposited either
locally or at a distant site .
2- The key processes in atherosclerosis are intimal thickening and
lipid accumulation.
3- The main cellular components of the blood vessels are
endothelial cell and smooth muscle cells.
4- There are three distinct steps in phagocytosis recognition ,
attachment, and engulfment.
5- Infection delay wound healing.
49
Q3- From the list on the right choose the most suitable association for each of
the list on the left.
( d ) 1-Type I acute hypersensitivity a- Circulating antibodies to
donor antigens
( a ) 2- Hyperacute rejection b- Autoimmune disease
( c ) 3- Hypersensitivity of cytotoxic c- Transfusion reactions and hemolytic
reactions mediated by complement disease of the new born baby
( b ) 4- Systemic lupus erythematosus d- Interaction of antigens with IgE
antibody.
( e ) 5- Aneurysm e- Localized abnormal dilation of
blood vessels
Q4- Encircle the single most appropriate answer in the following statements:
1- All the following are examples of labile cells except:
a- Haemopoietic cells b- Neurons
c- Epidermis d- Columnar epithelium of intestine
2- The following are cardiac risk factors except:
a- Hypertension b- Hyperlipidemia
c- Cigarette smoking d- Physical activity
3- The earliest lesion of atherosclerosis:
a- fatty streak b- Fibrous plaque
c- Medial thinning d- Calcification
4- The organism associated with peptic ulcer:
a- Escherichia Coli b- Mycobactrium Tuberclosis
c- Helicobacteria Pylori c- klebsiella
Q5 ) Define angiogenesis ? Enumerate the pathological conditions
associated with it ?
50
Student's Feedback on the Subject
Date: Course: Year: Lecturer/tutor No. Evaluation Question Subject's
Level 1-5 Subjective
Remarks 1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were clear 2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to the main
objects of the course
3 The material were prepared carefully as needed 4 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing tried to analyze the principles,
contents and the important points of the subject simply and properly.
5 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing kept my attention. 6 The lecturer/tutor came into the classroom on time and was committed
to the duration of the lecture.
7 The lecturer's behaviour in the classroom was clam and respectful 8 The slides used in the lecturer were clear and attractive 9 At the end of the lecture, the lecturer gave the students a chance for
question and comments. His/her answers were complete
10 The reading sources are new and compliable with the subject.
Total of the level
Students to evaluate the level of the contents
1 2 3 4 5
Poor Accept Medium Good Very good
Student's Feedback on the Course
Date: Course: Year: Lecturer/tutor No. Evaluation Question Subject's
Level 1-5 Subjective
Remarks 1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were clear 2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to the main objects
of the course
3 The coordinator teacher had worked hard to cooperate and prepare the
material
4 The coordinator teacher had worked hard to cooperate and prepare the
course
5 The lecturer were carefully selected and were expert in their field 6 The coordinator teacher gave a good attention to the student's criticism and
claim
7 Information on the Examination process was well provided 8 The questions of the exam were related to the content of the course 9 Total of the level 10 There is a potential to promote and develop the course in the following
areas:
Students to evaluate the level of the contents
1 2 3 4 5
Poor Accept Medium Good Very good
51
Introduction to Drug Information and Informatics
2nd Semester
Catalog Description: Students learn sources of drug information and how to access them through the use of computer-based technology. Students are challenged to find and properly supply the most appropriate information in oral or written format. Credit Hours: 2 hours Instructor: D. Tara Abdulrahman Abdullah D. Rojgar Hamid Class Location and Time: 2 hr Instructional Philosophy: Instructional methods for this course will include lecture, class discussion, active learning, and group projects. Source of Required Readings:
Malone PM, Stanovich JE, Kier KL, editors. Drug Information: A Guide for Pharmacists. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2006. (Also required for PHM 6315 Biomedical Literature for Pharmacy)
Dumitru D, editor. The Pharmacy Informatics Primer. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2008.
Specific Course Requirements: Computer access is required. Laptops should be brought to each
class meeting to be used for classroom purposes only. Grading Scale and Assessment Policy: Tow exams will be given over the semester. The final exam will be longer than the previous exams and will be cumulative but will be most heavily weighted with material covered since the previous exam. Specific instructions for the Project Portfolio will be provided on Blackboard. Assignments will be made during class and will be due by the next class meeting. Specific instructions for each assignment will be provided in class. Quizzes should be anticipated whenever readings have been assigned. Quizzes will usually be short–answer, multiple-choice, etc.; however, any testing format may be used. The final grade in the course will be calculated as follows:
Mid exam 40% Final Exam (cum) 60% Total 100%
Hawler medical university college of Pharmacy Learning Goals Supported
1. Think critically and analytically by demonstrating sophisticated quantitative reasoning, critical reasoning and reflection and engage in solving complex problems.
2. Apply rational and systematic processes to comprehensively access and evaluate pharmacy related information. Including the use of appropriate information technology and sophisticated rhetorical skills to manage knowledge, communicate, and support decision making.
52
3. Demonstrate effective written and oral communication to diverse audiences including other health professionals, patients, care-givers and the general public. The student will also demonstrate effective listening skills to assess the health literacy of their target audience to better, communicate, educate and inform.
Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education Standards Supported The information literate student determines the nature and extent of the information needed.
1. The information literate student accesses needed information effectively and efficiently.
2. The information literate student evaluates information and its sources critically and incorporates
selected information into his or her knowledge base and value system.
3. The information literate student, individually or as a member of a group, uses information
effectively to accomplish a specific purpose.
4. The information literate student understands many of the economic, legal, and social issues
surrounding the use of information and accesses and uses information ethically and legally.
Students are expected to participate in class evaluations in order to assist in the process of continued quality improvement.
Topic(s)
Preparation/ Readings
In-Class Assignments
Portfolio Assignments
Instructor(s)
Introduction to Health Care Informatics, Evidence-Based Medicine Citation Format, Plagiarism
Review Plagiarism folder in Blackboard
Citation Relay (Group)
-- ------------
Systematic Approach to Answering Questions/Finding the Evidence
Malone, et al., Chapters 2-3
What’s the “real”
question? (Group)
Introduction to Portfolio
-----------
Where to Find the Basics: Core References (Tertiary Literature)
Malone, et al., Chapter 4
Rate the Resources
(Group)
A. Responding to Questions
and Information Gathering
---------------
More than Just the Basics: Specialty References (Tertiary Literature)
Resource Identification
(Group)
Social Media, Medicine,
and Professionalism:
What Message Are You
Sending?
(Individual)
B. Tertiary
Literature:
Drug
Information
Searching the Internet:
Who Can You Trust?
Treatment Guidelines
Malone, et al.,
Chapters 5 and 9
Treatment
Guidelines
C. Tertiary
Literature:
Disease State
Mid term exam
53
Topic(s)
Preparation/ Readings
In-Class Assignments
Portfolio Assignments
Instructor(s)
PubMed or Ovid – It’s
All Medline
Specialty Databases:
IDIS and IPA
(Secondary Literature)
Tutorials:
Medline, Finding
Full Text Create
Illiad Account
Medline/IPA/I
DIS
Assignment
(Individual)
D. Patient
and
Professional
Information
on the
Internet
----------
Primary Literature: What
is it? What do I do with
it? When do I need it?
Malone, et al.,
Chapter 6
Article
Identification
(Group)
------------
Ethical and Legal
Aspects of Providing
Information
Malone, et al.,
Chapters 12-13
Discussion of
Ethical
Dilemma
(Group)
E. Primary
Literature vs.
Review
Articles
-------------
Medication Safety Dumitru,
Chapters 1-4 Reflection
F. Annotated
Bibliography ------------
Information Systems,
Clinical Decision
Support, Point-of-Care
Technology
Dumitru,
Chapters 5-8
Medication
Use Process
Part 1 (Group)
G.
Summative
Reflection
-----------
System Maintenance,
Impact of the Medical
Record, Reporting and
Data Mining, Downtime,
Management Issues
Dumitru,
Chapters 9-13
Medication
Use Process
Part 2 (Group)
Portfolios
Due ---------
Final Exam:
Recommended