View
219
Download
0
Category
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
3 Goals, applications and detector basics Energy systems, charge traps and neutralization 2-d Si 2-d Ge 2-d Si with deep trenches Energy Resolution Overview
Citation preview
Phonon-Mediated Distributed Transition-
Edge-Sensor X-ray Detectors
Steven W. LemanDepartment of Nuclear Engineering and Management, The University of Tokyo
LTD-12August 2007
2
Important People• Paul Brink• Blas Cabrera• Astrid Tomada• Betty Young
3
• Goals, applications and detector basics
• Energy systems, charge traps and neutralization
• 2-d Si• 2-d Ge• 2-d Si with deep trenches• Energy Resolution
Overview
4
Scientific Motivation
Galaxy cluster surveys
Warm-hot intergalactic medium
5
Performance Goals• 2 dimension resolving• 1-10 keV band• Position resolution x/x and y/y ~ 100• Energy resolution E/E ~ 1000• Large area ~1-10 cm2
– Via 30 x 30 multiplexed arrays– Equivalent to a 10 megapixel device
6
Phonon Mediated DetectorL.E.D.
7
3 Detector Comparisons
500350
220
500550
275
500350
320
Ge… ½ Si Debye freqTES reduced by ½
8
Detector with Source
1cm
2cm
that little spot is the4 transition edge sensors
refrigeratorcold stage
x-ray source
9
Position Determination
Resolution ~20m.
10
Spectra
SiliconGermanium
Silicon deep trench
11
Energy AbsorptionSilicon Germaniu
mSilicon deep trench
Silicon complete trench
Thickness [m]
350 550 350 350
Trench depth [m]
220 (63%)
275 (50%)
320 (91%)
350 (100%)
Energy absorbed [keV]
2.9 (49%)
~0.5 4.1 (70%)
4.5 (76%)
12
Energy Losses• Energy resolution is degraded due to
energy going into nondetectable channels.– Electron—hole pairs lost in charge traps.– Electron—hole pairs diffuse through
bridge and lost to the environment.– Phonons escape through bridge and lost
to the environment.
13
Electron-holenumber variation
0,/
EF
numberhe
• X-rays absorbed electron—hole pairs produced.
• F = 0.116, Fano factor.• E = 5.9 keV, X-ray energy.
• = 3.8 eV, electron-hole production energy.
14
Phononenergy variation
0,/
EFE
gapenergyhe
• The electron—hole pairs shed energy until they reach the velocity of sound.
• Egap = 1.2 eV, electron-hole gap energy.
15
Full-Width at Half-Maximum
• det ~ 0.5, detection efficiency.• 2.355 to convert to FWHM.
eV 77
355210
det
,
/εEFE.ε
ΔEγgapenergyFWHM
16
Combined with baseline noise
• Baseline noise = 37 eV.• 68% of energy initially goes into
phonons. 76% could be absorbed in completely trenched TESs.
• Could this suggest the electron—hole pairs are not releasing their energy in the detector?
863777 22
17
Trap Concentrations• Penn / Dougherty
– 8,000 cm– 1013 traps / cm3
• Us– 10 cm– 1016 traps / cm3
Recommended