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High SchoolPhysicsExperiments
TALENT DEVELOPMENT CENTREIndian Institute of Science Kudapura CampusChallakere, Chitradurga Dist.-577536, Karnataka
CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Indian Institute of Science Kudapura CampusUnder - Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National
Mission on Teachers and Training (PMMMNMTT), MHRD, Govt. of India
Preface
K. Jugeshwar Singh, T. Kishore Kumar, S. Sunil Kumar and M. S. Hegde
thChildren enter 8 class in high schools after receiving seven years of education in primary schools. For them, it is a new school, new location, new teachers with new excitement and more expectations. Many methods are introduced in primary schools for them to learn science based on the examples from environment they live in. The
thcurriculum includes – NALI-KALI (Enjoy and Learn) up to 4 standard and learns through ACTIVITY in 5, 6 and 7 classes. It is in the high schools where the children start studying science. Soon, the science subjects develop into mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology.
thNCERT is a nodal agency which is bringing out text books up to 12 classes in India. Karnataka State has adopted NCERT level books. In high schools, there is nothing like syllabus. Text books are the guides for the teacher. However, the text book contains only the basic topics a student must know. But the teacher has enough freedom to go beyond the books to make the students excited.
Excitement in science is experienced by doing experiments and observations. NALI- KALI or ACITVITY in schools has proved this point. A wave produced by dropping a small stone in still water excites children. It is the teacher who can excite the students by showing an experiment. But the teacher must be excited first. Science text book contains a large number of small experiments. As a first step, in each period, if a teacher showed one small experiment, learning science will become very exciting and also easier. We in Talent Development Centre, have designed a large number of experiments required to understand the science subject. These experiments are done in the class room on the teacher's table. Teachers attending the IN-HOUSE training for 10 days do these experiments and learn how to teach science with the help of experiments and demonstrations.
We in TDC conceived the idea of designing experiments to understand physics in their text books. To our surprise, almost no teacher had measured density of solid or any liquid including water. Metals show resistance to flow of current given by Ohm's law. Resistance of metals increase with increase in temperature and resistance of a semiconductor decreases with increase in temperature. We have created experiments to confirm these statements. The experiments cover physics part of the 8, 9 and 10 class science books. As it stands, teachers have not done most of these experiments in their career. Teachers are truly excited doing the experiments included in the manual. Now that the teachers are taught, they should be able to show it to their students if they have facilities. Most of the facilities are made available to the schools by RMSA. If these experiments become activities, our high school science education will be of higher standard. It is hoped that the teachers will take interest to show the experiments they have done here in TDC and improve the standard of high school science education.
Physics Experiments
Page 1
CONTENTS Experiment
Number Name of the Experiment Page Number
1 Determination of linear dimensions and density of solids and liquids
3
2 Determination of g, acceleration due to gravity 7
3 Determination of spring constant 9
4 Conservation of energy 11
5 Projectile motion 12
6 Determination of velocity of sound – Resonance column 13
7 Solar constant 14
8 Measurement of atmosphere pressure by Hg barometer 16
9 Application of atmospheric pressure 17
10 Verification of Boyle’s law 18
11 Verification of Charles’ law 19
12 Determination of Absolute Zero - Ideal gas law 20
13 Linear thermal expansion coefficient 21
14 Volume expansion coefficient of liquid 22
15 Heat Transfer 23
16 Determination of flame temperature 24
17 Temperature dependence of resistance of a metal 25
18 Temperature dependence of resistance of a semiconductor 27
19 Newton’s law of cooling 28
20 Specific heat of liquid 29
21 Specific heat of metal 30
22 Mixing of two liquids of different temperatures 31
23 Latent heat of fusion of ice 32
24 Mapping of magnetic lines of force 33
25 Deflection magnetometer 35
26 Determination of Earth’s magnetic field - Tangent galvanometer 37
27 Laws of reflection 38
28 Laws of refraction and determination of lateral shift 39
Physics Experiments
Page 2
29 Determination of refractive index of a prism – Pin method 41
30 To determine the refractive index of a liquid – Shift method 42
31 Determination of focal length of lens and mirror 44
32 Determination of wavelength of light – Diffraction through grating 46
33 Determination of resistance – Series and parallel circuits 47
34 Verification of Ohm’s law 48
35 Resistivity of metal – Meter bridge 49
36 Diode characteristics 52
37 Zener diode characteristics 53
38 Light emitting diode (LED) characteristics 55
39 To study full and half wave rectifier circuits 55
40 Transistor characteristics 57
41 Energy of a photon 59
42 H2 Lamp – Hydrogen emission spectra 60
43 Determination of Planck’s constant – Photoelectric effect 61
Multimeter 63
Useful information 64
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