View
15
Download
3
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
1
Pilates Mat Certification
Workshop
Neck, Upper Back, and Shoulder girdle
2
Purchase College, SUNY Simona Cipriani & Joseph Muscolino
July 10th and 11th, 2010
3
Anatomy and physiology - bones
Palpation of the bones
Anatomy and physiology - soft tissues
Postures - healthy and unhealthy
Assessment of posture
Special pathologic conditions
Pilates exercises
Table of Contents
3
4
Anatomy of the neck
Cervical spine
Seven vertebrae named C1-C7
C1 is also known as the atlas
C2 is also known as the axis
4
5
The spine - lateral views
6
The skull - lateral view
7
SHOULDER GIRDLE - POSTERIOR
VIEW
8
SHOULDER GIRDLE - ANTERIOR
VIEW
9
palpate bones
Skull
Mastoid process
EOP (external occipital protuberance)
Neck
Spinous processes (C2 and C7)
Shoulder girdle
Scapula and clavicle
9
10
palpate SKULL
10
11
palpate VERTEBRAE
12
palpate SCAPULA
13
PALPATE CLAVICLE
14
Joint function
Joint function: allow motion
Must also be stable
Balance between mobility and stability
14
15
stability/mobility of a joint
Bony shape
Ligaments
Muscles
15
16
ligaments
Ligaments are essentially passive structures
that connect from bone and bone and stabilize
the joint.
16
17
ligament function
18
ligaments of the neck - lateral view
19
MUSCLES
When a muscle contracts...
it create a pulling force
19
20
typical muscle
21
Shortening contraction
22
reverse action
23
lengthening and isometric contractions
24
functional groups of neck muscles
Extensors
Flexors
Right lateral flexors (side-bending to right)
Left lateral flexors (side-bending to left)
Right rotators
Left rotators
24
25
extensors
26
flexors
27
functional groups of shoulder girdle
muscles
Elevators
Depressors
Protractors
Retractors
(Upward/Downward rotators)
27
28
elevators/Depressors
29
protractors/retractors
30
miscellaneous concepts
Pain-spasm-pain cycle
Muscle splinting
Gate theory
30
31
posture of a joint...
Posture means position.
Posture of a joint or region of the skeleton is
determined by the relative forces that act on
the bone(s).
Examples...?
31
32
forming neck posture
33
common postural distortion patterns
Protracted (forward) head
Military neck
(decreased lower cervical curve with
increased upper cervical curve)
Hyperkyphotic (rounded) upper back
Rounded shoulders
33
34
postural distortion patterns - (sagittal plane)
35
postural distortion patterns - (frontal plane)
36
visual postural assessment
37
other pathologic conditions
Tight muscles
Whiplash
Scoliosis
Pathologic disc
Degenerative joint disease (DJD)
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)
37
38
tight muscles
Globally tight muscle
Trigger point (muscle knot)
can refer pain to a distant site
Possible results:
decreased joint mobility
38
39
whiplash
Sprain (of ligament)
Strain (of muscle)
Possible results:
sprains cause hypermobility/instability
muscle compensate and tighten
(hypomobility)
39
40
scoliosis
Lateral curvature of spine
...with rotational distortion too
Possible results:
asymmetrical forces on spine and all
associated tissues
40
41
scoliosis X-Rays
41
42
pathologic disc Three types:
disc thinning
disc bulge
disc herniation/rupture
Possible results:
• nerve compression
Avoid: Any movement that reproduces referral into
the upper extremity! 42
43
intervertebral disc
44
Note: spinal nerve compression
45
Degenerative joint disease (djd)
a.k.a. osteoarthritis, OA
Cartilage breakdown
Bone spur formation
Possible results:
• nerve compression, decreased mobility
Avoid: Any movement that reproduces referral into
the upper extremity! 45
46
djd figures
47
djd X-Rays
48
thoracic outlet syndrome (tos)
Three types
anterior scalene syndrome (tight anterior neck muscles)
costoclavicular syndrome (rounded and collapsed shoulder
posture)
pectoralis minor syndrome (rounded and collapsed shoulder
posture)
Possible results:
nerve compression into upper extremity
48
49
thoracic outlet syndrome figure
49
Recommended