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Placing Objects in Time Placing Objects in Time and Space Via A and Space Via A
Landscape ApproachLandscape Approach
Archaeological Survey and Archaeological Survey and SamplingSampling
Jun Ueno Sunseri, UCSC, 2005
Topics to CoverTopics to Cover
• What we are looking for ?– Archaeological sites, landscapes, and
regions
• How do we find them?– Survey and sampling
• Processing what we’ve found: tools and approaches– GIS applications, syntheses, interpolations
WhatWhat are we looking for? are we looking for?• Sites: places
with archaeologically discernible human behavior– Large sites:
dense concentrations of artifacts, architecture, activity areas
WhatWhat are we looking for? are we looking for?• Sites: places with
archaeologically discernible human behavior– Small sites:
perhaps one clear activity or maybe ONLY occur away from big sites (mines, cemetaries, fields, etc.)
WhatWhat are we looking for? are we looking for?• Landscapes:
natural and cultural - ”canvas” for spatial patterning– Ritual
Landscapes: Indigenous knowledge systems
WhatWhat are we looking for? are we looking for?• Landscapes:
natural and cultural - ”canvas” for spatial patterning– Ethnic
Landscapes: Intersections of resources, cultures, and politics
WhatWhat are we looking for? are we looking for?• Landscapes:
natural and cultural - ”canvas” for spatial patterning– Settlement
ecology: culturally-constructed product of peoples’ lives in the environment
WhatWhat are we looking for? are we looking for?
• Culturally -constructed regions– the relation of sites
to each other (networks)
– Relations to the environment (clay sourcing)
– Multiple cultures on the landscape
• Frontiers• Routes
HowHow do we find them? do we find them?
• Survey : attempt to create more complete picture of human behavior in 2D– Remote sensing: aerial photography,
satellites, etc. – Surface inspections: on foot, by vehicle, by
boat – Non-invasive technologies: Ground
penetrating radar, magnetic interferometer, etc.
Archaeological SurveyArchaeological Survey
• Remote sensing– Aerial Photography
(Early example: Charles Lindbergh)
– More recently, satellite imagery
• NASA databases• decommisioned military
images:800,000 Cold War CORONA images) [e.g. Tell Brak, Syria]
Archaeological SurveyArchaeological Survey• Surface
inspections: on foot, by vehicle, by boat – Ground truth
of some remote sensing
– Design for maximum use of human and time resources
Archaeological SurveyArchaeological Survey
• Non-invasive technologies: Ground penetrating radar, magnetic interferometer, etc.– reduces excavation and
increases happiness with some communities
– saves time and money on sampling (sometimes)
SamplingSampling
• Getting part of a region or site with time and money constraints
• Systematic: space sample units evenly – squares, transects, etc.
• Random: gain representative sample of large areas– based on probability theory
SamplingSampling• Selective: research or community specific
ProcessingProcessing What We Find: GIS What We Find: GIS
• Interpolation: data about “non sites” and the “scatter between”
• Synthesis: various analyses (faunal, ceramic, lithic) can be integrated into a multi-dimensional understanding of a site/region/era
• Multiple scales of utilization for an analytical tool: regional, site sized, bones
• GIS as an analytical tool for landscape research– Geomorphology,
salvage archaeology, and placita-level landscape analysis
• GIS as an analytical tool for landscape research– Valley level
analysis of agricultural patterns related to different settlement groupings
Request for LoanersRequest for Loaners
• El Rito, NM – summer Anth 3 course• Diversity of students/goals of project• Rio Arriba economics
Would you please consider giving or loaning your course texts and reader to El Rito students for the summer? I will assume responsibility for the safe return of loaner materials.
BREAK TIMEBREAK TIMEThank you!
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