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Poisonous Plants. Irritants - Poisonous Plants. Urushiol Oil. Urushiol (you-ROO-shee-ol) Main constituent of the irritant oil in plants of the Genus Toxicodendron. A mixture of several compounds which are derivatives of hydrocarbons in the C 15 to C 17 range. Rash. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Poisonous PlantsPoisonous Plants
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Irritants - Poisonous PlantsIrritants - Poisonous Plants
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Urushiol OilUrushiol Oil
• Urushiol (you-ROO-shee-ol) Urushiol (you-ROO-shee-ol) Main Main constituent of the irritant oil in plants of constituent of the irritant oil in plants of the Genus the Genus Toxicodendron. Toxicodendron. A mixture of A mixture of several compounds which are derivatives several compounds which are derivatives of hydrocarbons in the Cof hydrocarbons in the C15 15 to Cto C17 17 range.range.
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RashRash• Caused by Urushiol oilCaused by Urushiol oil
– Found in the sap– Colorless or pale yellow– Turns brownish-black after
exposure to air.– Oozes from any cut or crushed
part of the plant, including the roots, stems and leaves
• Oil penetrates within minutes Oil penetrates within minutes and binds with skin proteinsand binds with skin proteins
• Rash appears within 12-48 Rash appears within 12-48 hourshours
• 2-3 weeks to heal2-3 weeks to heal
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Poison IvyPoison IvyGenus ToxicodendronGenus Toxicodendron
• Types:– Woody, ropelike vine– Trailing shrub on the
ground– Free-standing shrub
• Normally Three Leaflets– Can vary from groups of
three to nine.
• White Berries. Berries
RopelikeVine
3 Leaflets
Waxy Cuticle
White Berries
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Poison IvyPoison Ivy
• Range (climbing vine):Range (climbing vine):– East– Midwest– South
• Range (shrub):Range (shrub):– Northern States– Western States– Canada
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Identifying Poison IvyIdentifying Poison Ivy• Leaflets:Leaflets:
– Usually three – Red early spring– Shiny green later in spring– Red or Orange in Autumn– Center leaf stem is longer – Bottom leaflets opposite each
other– Usually has notched edges– White berries close to stem, base
of leaflets
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Identifying Poison IvyIdentifying Poison Ivy
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Poison OakPoison Oak• Changes appearance Changes appearance
every seasonevery season• Oak like leavesOak like leaves• Three LeafletsThree Leaflets• Opposite lower leafletsOpposite lower leaflets• Longer stem central Longer stem central
leafletleaflet• Leaflets with smooth Leaflets with smooth
hair underneathhair underneath• White flowersWhite flowers• White berriesWhite berries
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Poison OakPoison Oak
• Eastern varietyEastern variety– Southeast– Low shrub
• Western varietyWestern variety– Pacific Coast– 6-foot-tall clumps – Vines up to 30 feet long
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Poison OakPoison Oak
• Leaves of three, leave Leaves of three, leave them be…..them be…..
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Poison Oak - SeasonsPoison Oak - Seasons
Early Spring Spring Summer
Fall Winter Anytime
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Poison Oak Shrubs and VinesPoison Oak Shrubs and Vines
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Poison SumacPoison Sumac
• Most common in:Most common in:– Peat bogs of Northern US – Swampy Southern Regions
• Rangy shrub up to 15 feet tall.Rangy shrub up to 15 feet tall.• 7 to 13 smooth-edged leaflets.7 to 13 smooth-edged leaflets.• Glossy pale yellow or cream-Glossy pale yellow or cream-
colored berries.colored berries.
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Identifying Poison SumacIdentifying Poison Sumac
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PreventionPrevention
• Prevention is the best treatment!!!Prevention is the best treatment!!!• Long pants, long sleevesLong pants, long sleeves• Boots and GlovesBoots and Gloves• Barrier Creams may offer some Barrier Creams may offer some
protection (e.g., Ivy Block) before protection (e.g., Ivy Block) before exposureexposure
• Wash immediately (within 5 Wash immediately (within 5 minutes) with cold running water minutes) with cold running water (stream, lake, hose)(stream, lake, hose)
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PreventionPrevention
• Within the first 30 minutes, soap Within the first 30 minutes, soap and water helpful, after that….and water helpful, after that….
• Clean clothes, shoes, tools, etc. Clean clothes, shoes, tools, etc. Oil can last on surfaces for 1-5 Oil can last on surfaces for 1-5 years!years!
• If working at a specific location If working at a specific location where poison ivy/oak/sumac is where poison ivy/oak/sumac is presentpresent– Wear Modified Level D (gloves, tyveks,
boot covers, etc.)– Treat plant as if it is a chemical
contamination (decon)
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TreatmentTreatment
• Over the counterOver the counter• PrescriptionPrescription• Home RemediesHome Remedies
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Nettles - StingersNettles - StingersGenus UrticaGenus Urtica
• Found in waste places and moist Found in waste places and moist thickets, North America.thickets, North America.
• Stems and leaves armed with hollow Stems and leaves armed with hollow hairshairs– Brittle– Gland-tipped– Easily broken
• If injected, liquid produces burning If injected, liquid produces burning sensationsensation
• Inject chemical mixture containing:Inject chemical mixture containing:– Histamine– Acetocholine– 5-hydrotryptamine– Formic Acid
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