Population and Urbanization Chapter 14. Chapter Overview I.Introductory Quiz II.Thomas Malthus...

Population and Urbanization

Chapter 14

Chapter OverviewI. Introductory “Quiz”II. Thomas Malthus’ TheoryIII. Why People in the Least

Industrialized Nations Have Big Families

IV. Projecting Population TrendsV. CitiesVI. City Growth ModelsVII. Community v. AlienationVIII.The Decline of U.S. CitiesIX. Review

I. Introductory “Quiz”

1. The population boom is a result of the adoption of the potato by Europe

as its main food.

True

2. The birth rates of the least industrial nations

have dropped dramatically since the

1960s.

True

3. Famines in the least industrialized nations are due to overpopulation.

False

4. If the average number of children per woman

dropped to 2.0, the population of Mexico

would continue to grow.

True. But why?

5. The U.S. has one of the most restrictive

immigration policies in the world.

False

6. Research shows that new immigrants

contribute to the U.S. economy.

True

7. Industrialization causes a decrease in

family size. False. What does the book

say about this issue?

8. Currently, 45% of the world’s population lives in

cities.

True

9. In an emergency, it is easier to get someone’s

help in a small group than in a large group.

True

10. The primary problems of urban life

today are poverty, decay, and a decline of

U.S. cities.True

II. Thomas Malthus

A. His Theory

B.The New Malthusians: 1.The world’s population is

following an exponential growth curve.

2.The Blacksmith’s Fee3.The “J” curve

B.The New Malthusians: 1.The world’s population is

following an exponential growth curve.

2.The Blacksmith’s Fee3.The “J” curve

B.The New Malthusians: 1.The world’s population is

following an exponential growth curve.

2.The Blacksmith’s Fee3.The “J” curve

B.The New Malthusians: 1.The world’s population is

following an exponential growth curve.

2.The Blacksmith’s Fee3.The “J” curve

World Population Growth by Billions

1998

C. The Anti-Malthusians

The Demographic Transistion

Y.J.U.: Who is correct;Malthus, the New Malthusians,

or the Anti-Malthusians?

III. the Least Industrialized Nations and Big Families

IV. Projecting Population TrendsA. Definitions of

Demographic Variables1. Fertility Rate2. Mortality Rate3. Net Migration Rate4. Crude Death Rate5. Growth Rate6. Demographic Equation

B. Unanticipated Variables that Effect a Nation’s Growth Rate1.Wars2.Famines3.Changing economic and

political conditions

V. Cities

A.City B.Agricultural SurplusC.The PlowD.The Industrial RevolutionE.UrbanizationF.MetropolisG. Megalopolis

VI. City Growth Models

A. Concentric ZonesErnest Burgess (1925)

Zone 1: central business district

Zone 2: zone in transition; rooming houses & deteriorating housing

Zone 3: thrifty workers escape to this zone; an easy commute

Zone 4: More expensive apartments, & homes; wealthy may live here.

Zone 5: suburbs & satellite cities

*no city fits perfectly because of lakes, RXR, etc.

B. SectorsHomer Hoyt (1939)• A city’s

concentric zones do not form a complete circle

• A concentric zone can contain several sectors

• Ex: invasion-succession cycle

C. Multiple Nuclei

Harris and Ullman (1945)

• Each nucleus is the focus of some specialized activity

• Ex: Auto repair districts, retail business districts, ect.

D. Peripheral Model

Chauncey Harris (1997)

• Radial highways influence movement of people and services away from the central city to the outskirts.

• Industrial and office park development is also included.

VII. Community v. Alienation

A. Community B. AlienationC. Gemeinschaft D. Gesellschaft

D. The price of personal freedom obtained through city life is alienation.

E. Ex: Kitty Genovese

F.Who Lives in the City?1.Cosmopolites2.Singles3.Ethnic Villagers4.The Deprived 5.The Trapped

VIII. The Decline of U.S. Cities

A. Group Work: You teach me:1. Suburbanization2. Disinvestment and

Deindustrialization3. The Rural Rebound4. The Potential of Urban

Revitalization

A. Solving Urban Problems1. Urban renewal2. Gentrification3. Why Yuppies Move Back to

the Slums4. What is the real answer?

VIII.Additional Key Terms

Conflict Theory and Reproduction

Pushes and Pulls to the CityUrbanizationSuburbsUrban Fear and the Gated

FortressWilliam Wilson &

Suburbanization