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Adolescent Problem Adolescent Problem BehaviorsBehaviors
Substance AbuseDelinquencyTeen PregnancySchool Drop-OutViolence
The Science Around The Science Around Adolescent Brain DevelopmentAdolescent Brain Development
Teen Brains Are Still “Under Construction!” Recent developments in science are providing new
insights about:1. Why teenagers take risks and show poor judgment2. How teenagers may be highly vulnerable to substance
abuse
www.time.com/time/covers/1101040510/
The Adolescent BrainThe Adolescent Brain We knew before:
– The brain uses 20% of body’s energy
– The brain constitutes 2% of body weight
– By age 6, the brain is 95% of its adult size
– In the first 18 months of life, the brain undergoes a rapid process of overproduction, paring, and reorganization of brain cells.
Now we know:– A second wave of
ExuberanceExuberance occurs between the ages of 10 and 13
– The brain is highly receptive to new info and primed to acquire new skills
– This process peaks around 11 or 12 years old but continues into the mid-20s (around age 24)
Based on research of Dr. Jay Giedd. National Institute of Mental Health (2004)
Nikki Smith – The BACCHUS Network
Frontal Cortex—”CEO”
*Planning, Strategizing, Logic, Judgment
Amygdala*Emotional and gut responses; fear and anger
*Used more in Adolescents
Cerebelleum*Coordinates muscles/ movement
*Coordinates thinking processes
Corpus Callosum*Connects Hemispheres
*Creativity & Problem Solving
Hippocampus*Forms Memories
*Coordinates thinking processes
The Adolescent Brain(PBS – Frontline: Inside the Teenage Brain)
The Adolescent BrainThe Adolescent Brain
Frontal Lobe Immaturity Could Translate into:– Poor judgment and difficulty thinking through consequences of
behavior – Increased risk-taking; inappropriate actions not as inhibited as
in adults– Impulsive and emotional responses rather than logical and
practical ones– Miscommunication with peers and adults—they miss subtle
social cues, misinterpret expectations, and misread facial expressions. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/teenbrain/work/adolescent.html
Critical Thinking Improves with AgeCritical Thinking Improves with Age• By age 18, the adolescent’s judgment for structured challenges is
roughly equal to that of adults.• Judgment that involves resisting impulses or delaying
gratification is still under construction during late adolescence and early adulthood.
http://www.hbo.com/addiction/img/primarylanding/primary_adolescent.jpg
Implications for Adolescent Implications for Adolescent Brain DevelopmentBrain Development
Preference for sensation seeking and physical activity
Poor planning and judgmentMinimal consideration of negative
consequencesMore risky, impulsive behaviors*
*There is some evidence that being in a group accentuates impulsiveness.
Youth are Highly Youth are Highly Vulnerable to the Effects Vulnerable to the Effects
of Alcoholof Alcohol
Age First Drink Predicts Adult AUD from National Household Study Age First Drink Predicts Adult AUD from National Household Study on Drug Use & Healthon Drug Use & Health (SAMHSA, 2006)(SAMHSA, 2006)
Fewer Problems in ThoseWho Start Later
Source: KCTC Student Survey DataSource: KCTC Student Survey Data
Mulvane (Youth Alcohol Use) Prevalence vs. Availability vs. Attitudes
0
10
20
30
40
50
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
%
30 Day Prevalence Perceived Availability Community Favorable Attitudes Ind/Peer Favorable Attitudes
Source: KCTC Student SurveySource: KCTC Student Survey
30.8
18.5
25.7
14
27.2
15.2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
%
Mulvane Sedgwick Co. Kansas
Mulvane - 30 Day Alcohol Use & Binge Drinking (5 or more at one time)
Alcohol Binge Drinking
In USD 263 - Mulvane public schools …(KCTC, 2008)
…which means of Mulvane’s (618) 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th graders …
12.7% of students smoked cigarettes in the past 30 days
78 students have smoked cigarettes in the past 30 days
30.8% of students drank alcohol in the past 30 days
190 students have drank alcohol in the past 30 days
7.8% of students smoked marijuana in the past 30 days
48 students have smoked marijuana in the past 30 days
18.5% of students were binge drinking in the past 30 days
114 students were binge drinking in the past 30 days
9.7% of students were drunk or high at school at least once
60 students were drunk or high at school at least once
Age of First UseAge of First Use
Use in Mulvane compares similarly to Sedgwick County and the State of Kansas
Alcohol – about 13 years oldCigarettes – about 13 years oldMarijuana – about 14 years old
Let’s take a look at an average Let’s take a look at an average City of Mulvane child . . .City of Mulvane child . . .
*Note: Pictures used are representative of child in story, names are randomly picked.*Note: Pictures used are representative of child in story, names are randomly picked.
This is Kaysie.This is Kaysie.
Kaysie lives in Mulvane. Her mom, a single
parent, works and takes classes at Butler College so she can eventually better support her two girls.
Kaysie is healthy, happy, smart and secure.
Kaysie cares for others and Kaysie cares for others and enjoys playing with her enjoys playing with her neighborhood friends.neighborhood friends.
Average Age of First Use: Alcohol-10, Cigarettes-10
Kaysie’s Class Kaysie’s Class in 6in 6thth Grade: Grade:
Average Age of First Use: Alcohol-12, Cigarettes-10, Marijuana-12
Kaysie’s Class Kaysie’s Class in 8in 8thth Grade: Grade:
Average Age of First Use: Alcohol-13, Cigarettes-13, Marijuana-14
Kaysie’s Class Kaysie’s Class in 10in 10thth Grade: Grade:
Average Age of First Use: Alcohol-15, Cigarettes-14, Marijuana-15
Kaysie’s Class Kaysie’s Class in 12in 12thth Grade: Grade:
Average Age of First Use: Alcohol-15, Cigarettes-14, Marijuana-15
Kaysie’s Class After Kaysie’s Class After High School:High School:
Give me 110%!Give me 110%!Alcohol robs us of our potentialResearch shows…
– For ADULTS who drink to intoxication, they lose 14 DAYS of training effect
– ADULTS who drink are TWICE as likely to become injured
– The effects of a hangover, 2-4 days later, reduce athletic performance by 11.4%
– How much does that cost you?
What Does Adolescent Brain Research What Does Adolescent Brain Research Mean to Prevention Programming?Mean to Prevention Programming?
EmotionalEmotional Have clear expectations for behaviorHave clear expectations for behavior The importance of BONDINGThe importance of BONDING Training on managing stressTraining on managing stress Teach emotion management strategiesTeach emotion management strategies Reinforce appropriate behaviors.Reinforce appropriate behaviors. Assertiveness trainingAssertiveness training
What Does Adolescent Brain Research What Does Adolescent Brain Research Mean to Prevention Programming?Mean to Prevention Programming?
SocialSocial Communication Communication Goal settingGoal setting Problem-solving Problem-solving
techniquestechniques Parent trainingParent training Increase social Increase social
norming practicesnorming practices
http://www.usu.edu/swc/programs/img/final1.jpghttp://www.usu.edu/swc/programs/img/final1.jpg
What Does Adolescent Brain Research What Does Adolescent Brain Research Mean to Prevention Programming?Mean to Prevention Programming?
MoralMoral• Provide opportunities for students to engage
in healthy discussions that question and examine the issues of underage drinking or other high risk behaviors
• Provide self-management skills for self-control such as refusal skills, goal-setting, and planning for the future
• Teach decision making based on intrinsic motivation rather than external punishments or consequences
http://www.wmho.org/Graphics/YouthCorpMontage1.jpghttp://www.wmho.org/Graphics/YouthCorpMontage1.jpg
Last Thoughts…Last Thoughts…about preventionabout prevention “Learning from experience” may not take place until
underlying brain structures are in place. Function as their frontal lobes: help them decipher emotions;
don’t assume they get it. Encourage sleep. Encourage stress reduction. Look at risk taking as necessary and normal; help students find
safe ways to experiment and take risks. Make use of tested, effective, proven prevention practices,
policies, and programs.
How are They Wired? Nikki Smith The BACCHUS Network
Question: Question: On how many occasions (if any) have you used prescription drugs On how many occasions (if any) have you used prescription drugs (for example, Xanax, Valium, OxyContin, Ritalin, Vicodin, etc.) (for example, Xanax, Valium, OxyContin, Ritalin, Vicodin, etc.) not not prescribed for you by a doctor in the past 30 days?prescribed for you by a doctor in the past 30 days?
Population: Population: MulvaneMulvane 10th grade10th gradePercent Responding: Percent Responding: 1-2 occasions1-2 occasions
0123456789
10
2007 2008 2009
Kansas State Data
Sedgwick CountyDataUSD 263 Data
Why Rx Drugs?Why Rx Drugs?Teens perceive prescription drugs as safer
than ‘street drugs.”Teens report that Rx drugs are easier to
obtain.
For additional information:30 min Rx Generation webcast available
http://www.mctft.com/telecasts/past_telecourses.shtml
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