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Page 1 Powerpoint Templates
Beyond postmodernism: the economical crisis and the future of therapeutic models
Paolo Bertrando Studio Il Dialogo, Milan, Italy
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less resources
cuts to services
less possibilities
less clients
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sense of insecurity
diminished freedom
constriction
fear of the future
Powerpoint Templates Crisis
"Crisis" (κρίσις), from the ancient Greek krino (to separate, to choose, in a wider sense to discern, to judge, to evaluate): a crisis is (also) a choice. In common usage, it has a negative meaning, signifying the worsening of a situation...
Powerpoint Templates Crisis
If, however, we reflect on the etymology of the word “crisis”, we can find in it also a positive nuance, since a moment of crisis (i.e., of reflection, evaluation, discernment), may become the necessary prerequisite for an improvement, a rebirth, a re-flourishing.
Powerpoint Templates Crisis
The crisis changes my clinical practice
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My theories determine my understanding of the context ... but the context determines my theories
Powerpoint Templates Theories
Social optimism
Scientism
Cybernetics
Powerpoint Templates Theories
Political activism
Antipsichiatry
Critical psychiatry
Powerpoint Templates Theories
Philosophy of language
Constructivism
Postmodernism
Social constructionism
Powerpoint Templates Theories
•1966: The Social
Construction of Reality
•1979: La condition
postmoderne
•1982: Observing Systems
•1991: The Saturated Self
Powerpoint Templates Postmodernism
Possibilities
Resources
Novelty
... without limits
Powerpoint Templates Postmodernism
To what extent does it enable me to read /act within the present situation?
Powerpoint Templates Friederich Nietszche
There are no facts, only interpretations.
Powerpoint Templates Umberto Eco
... for Nietzsche, truth is simply a “mobile army of metaphors, metonymies, anthropomorphisms”, poetically elaborated, and afterwards frozen into knowledge, “illusions whose illusory nature has been forgotten”.
Powerpoint Templates Umberto Eco
In other words: if we accept the principle that being is only spoken about in various ways, nothing prevents us from believing that any perspective is good, and therefore that not only being may appear as an effect of language, but, radically, that it is, and it is nothing but an effect of language.
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New realism
Critical realism
Negative realism
Minimal realism
Perspectival realism
Powerpoint Templates Umberto Eco
Hence the idea of a Negative Realism, that can be epitomized [...] in the formula: any interpretive hypothesis may always be reconsidered [...] but, if we never can definitively say whether an interpretation is right, we can always tell whether it is wrong. There are intepretations that are not allowed by the object that must be interpreted.
Powerpoint Templates Umberto Eco
... we have, instead, the seminal experience of a Limit, in the face of which our language fades into silence: it is the experience of Death. Since I approach the world knowing that at least one limit exists, I cannot but go on with my query to see whether, by any chance, still other limits may exist.
Powerpoint Templates Remo Bodei
Written on the outer wall of the Delphi temple, besides the celebrated sentence, “Know thyself”, there was another one, stating: “Nothing in excess”. In the ancient world, trespassing the boundaries established by divinity, was hybris, wich should be punished. The most famous example is Icarus.
Powerpoint Templates Remo Bodei
... [today] we cannot entrust everything to individualistic and narcissistic freedom [...]. I think it is necessary to re-modulate the idea of limit, according to the resctrictions dictated by new historical conditions.
Powerpoint Templates Fathali Moghaddam
The understandings that are shared within and between cultures.
Powerpoint Templates Interobjectivity
Interobjectivity serves as an account of objective reality that is at the same time constructed by the consensual representation dominant in a given culture.
Sammut, Daanen, & Moghaddam, 2003
Powerpoint Templates Interobjectivity
For instance, [...] in terms of formal "black letter" law, society cannot have multiple definitions of what constitutes a crime, even though the very same act in another society might not be criminal according to formal law.
Sammut, Daanen, & Moghaddam, 2003
Powerpoint Templates Resources
Positioning
Emotions
Dialogue
Imagination
Powerpoint Templates Ideology
A systemic reading must allow me to read any context
Powerpoint Templates Ideology
A systemic reading limited to technical application becomes ideological
Powerpoint Templates Ideology
Marx uses the term “ideology” also in its literal meaning, from the german word Ideenkleid, “dressed in ideas”. It is ideological any conception which tries to cover with ideas and abstract principles che actual reality of material facts, masking them, and giving them a surreptitious justification.
Powerpoint Templates Karl Marx
It is not conscience that determines life; rather, life determines conscience.
Powerpoint Templates Gianfranco Cecchin
Therapeutic responsibility begins with seeing your own position in the system.
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Paul Dumouchel
... My emotions are the invasion of the other in me, and of myself in the other...
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Emotions
Emotions are relational properties (and carry relational messages) ... ... But the emotions I feel are mine, and cannot be considered as group properties
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Emotions
Emotions always carry some sense – ... Although such sense is not exactly a definite (digital) meaning
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Emotions
Knowing we are about to punch someone in the mouth is useful, because we can decide not to Laird & Apostoleris
Emotions are also (can be seen as) ways of knowing
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Emotions
Any emotion has a source and a recipient
But they may coincide or not...
... And, anyway, the recipient is universal
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Emotions
Emotions reveal something about my immediate feelings– ... but I can also use them strategically
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Emotional systems
… within the emotional system, my emotions are (also) a function of my position in the system…
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Emotional systems
… at the same time, my emotions also give me some notion about my position in the system.
Powerpoint Templates Emotional systems
Attractors
Repellors
Fractals
Powerpoint Templates A catalogue of emotions
• Joy / enjoyment
• Interest / excitement
• Love / desire
• Compassion
• Surprise
• Pride
• Envy
• Jealousy
• Distress /anguish
• Anger / rage
• Shyness / shame
• Contempt / disgust
• Responsibility / guilt
• Fear / anxiety
• Sadness / grief
• Boredom
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William Empsom
Through ambiguity, alternative views might be taken without sheer misreading. (Seven Types of Ambiguity)
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Eugen Bleuler
In ambivalence, the same representation may be connoted, at the same time, both by pleasant and unpleasant feelings. (The Group of Schizophrenias)
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Zygmunt Bauman
Like in Simmel’s perception of the modern condition, all versions of description float, so to speak, with the same specific gravity, are equal to each other, and contain nothing which may suggest an easy choice. (Modernity and Ambivalence)
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Zygmunt Bauman
Now it is the other way round, it is bringing some reality principle, helping reality principle to bring some order into the realm of freedom which otherwise would be chaotic, would make you confused, lost, feel abandoned, not knowing what to do. Interview (2010)
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Michel Foucault
In parrhesia, the speaker is supposed to give a complete and exact account of what he has in mind so that the audience is able to comprehend exactly what the speaker thinks. The word “parrhesia” then, refers to a type of relationship between the speaker and what he says. For in parrhesia, the speaker makes it manifestly clear and obvious that what he says is his own opinion.
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Michel Foucault
So you see, the parrhesiastes is someone who takes a risk. Of course, this risk is not always a risk of life. When, for example, you see a friend doing something wrong and you risk incurring his anger by telling him he is wrong, you are acting as a parrhesiastes. In such a case, you do not risk your life, but you may hurt him by your remarks, and your friendship may consequently suffer for it.
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... being able to tell myself my truth about myself...
Powerpoint Templates Dialogue
… a kind of dialogue where the therapist has her ideas, sometimes vague, sometimes very well formed hypotheses, and she puts them into play with the client. She can (respectfully, always) argue for her ideas to be understood, but at the same time always leave to clients the last word…
Powerpoint Templates Dialogue
With her ideas, hypotheses, emotions, that flow freely in the discourse, the therapist (usually) does not try to influence her clients. ... She tries ... to introduce into the discourse some proposals about “how” things happen, rather than about “why” they happen, or “what” should be done.
Powerpoint Templates Donald Schön
The inquirer must […] be willing to enter into new confusions and uncertainties. Hence, he must adopt a kind of double vision. He must act in accordance with the view he has adopted, but he must recognise that he can always break it open later, indeed, must break it open later in order to make new sense of his transaction with the situation.
Powerpoint Templates Donald Schön
The relationship between this inquirer and this situation is transactional. He moulds the situation while conversing with it, so that his models and evaluations are in turn moulded by the situation. The phenomena he attempts to understand are partly created by him; he stays in the situation which he attempts to penetrate.
Powerpoint Templates Jerome Bruner
We are storytelling creatures, and as children we acquire language to tell those stories
that we have inside us.
Powerpoint Templates Jerome Bruner
The shrewd guess, the fertile hypothesis, the courageous leap to a tentative conclusion - these are the most valuable coin of the thinker at work.
Powerpoint Templates Remo Bodei
If everything, in fact, is subjected to infinite interpretation, thinking, behaviours and passions end up becoming, once and for all, "liquid".
Powerpoint Templates Remo Bodei
Then again, to know what we wish to be, to live vicarious experiences, to know ourselves (our thoughts, desires, and action, at least in a comparative manner), we must, unavoidably, imagine other existences
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Imagining the possibilities implicit in the context
Powerpoint Templates Nassim Nicholas Caleb
The robust stands the shocks and remains identical to itself. The antifragile desires them, and feeds on them to grow and improve.
Powerpoint Templates Gregory Bateson
As I see it, the advances in scientific thought come from a combination of loose and strict thinking, and this combination is the most precious tool of science.
Powerpoint Templates Paolo Bertrando
pbertrando@gmail.com www.paolobertrando.com
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