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DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
CHHATTISGARH STATE
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURECHHATTISGARH STATE
Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY)
1.1.1 Pradhan MantriKrishiSinchayeeYojana 1.1.1.1.1 (PMKSY)
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Table of Content
Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana ........................................................................................ i
1.1.1 Pradhan MantriKrishiSinchayeeYojana ............................................................................. i
List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. v
List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... vii
Contributors ............................................................................................................................. viii
Chapter- 1 General Information of the District .......................................................................... 1
1.2 District Profile .............................................................................................................................1
1.3 Demography ................................................................................................................................4
1.4 Biomass and Live Stock ..............................................................................................................6
1.5 Agro-Ecology, Climate, Hydrology and Topography: ..............................................................10
1.6 Slope ..........................................................................................................................................15
1.7 Geomorphology .........................................................................................................................15
1.8 Hydrogeomorphology ...............................................................................................................20
1.9 Soil ............................................................................................................................................23
1.10 Soil Depth ..................................................................................................................................25
1.11 Soil Texture ...............................................................................................................................25
1.12 Soil Erosion ...............................................................................................................................28
1.13 Land Use ...................................................................................................................................29
1.14 Drainage ....................................................................................................................................37
2 Chapter - 2 District Water Profile...................................................................................... 43
2.1 Crop Water Requirement ..........................................................................................................43
2.2 Production and Productivity of Major Crops: ...........................................................................45
3 Chapter - 3 Water Availability .......................................................................................... 49
3.1 Surface Water Scenario .............................................................................................................49
3.2 Status of Surface Water Availability .........................................................................................49
3.3 Status of Ground Water Availability .........................................................................................50
3.4 Water Level Scenario ..............................................................................................................51
3.5 Ground Water Resources ..........................................................................................................51
3.6 Ground Water Quality ...............................................................................................................51
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3.7 Ground Water Management Strategy ........................................................................................51
4 Chapter- 4 -Water Requirement/ Demand ......................................................................... 61
4.1 Domestic Water Demand ..........................................................................................................61
4.2 Crop Water Demand: ................................................................................................................63
4.3 Livestock Water Demand: .........................................................................................................67
4.4 Industrial Water Demand ..........................................................................................................72
4.5 Water demand for Power Generation: .......................................................................................73
4.6 Water Demand of the Durg District for Various Sectors ..........................................................73
4.7 Water Budget.............................................................................................................................74
5 Chapter -5 Strategic Action Plan ....................................................................................... 76
5.1 Methodology .............................................................................................................................76
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List of Tables
Table 1-0-1 Block Wise Total Population 4
Table 1-0-2 Large Animals of Durg District 7
Table 1-0-3 Small Animals of Durg District 8
Table 1-0-4 Poultry of Durg District 9
Table 1-0-5 Water Consumption by Different Category of Livestock 10
Table 1-0-6 Rainfall in District 11
Table 1-0-7 Agro- Ecological Zone 11
Table 1-0-8 Temperature 12
Table 1-0-9 Slope Category 15
Table 1-0-10 Block Wise Slope Class Categories in % 15
Table 1-0-11 Soil Type 25
Table 1-0-12 Block Wise Soil Texture Distribution (% Area) 28
Table 1-0-13 Land Use Pattern in District Durg 35
Table 1-0-14 Block Wise & Stream Order Wise Drainage 37
Table 1-0-15 Information Occurrence of Drought 42
Table 2-1 Durg District Crop Irrigation Status 44
Table 2-2 Production and Productivity of the Blocks in Durg District 45
Table 2-3 Irrigated and Un irrigated Area (Ha.) 47
Table 2-4 Crop Wise and Block Wise Irrigated and Rain-fed Area in Durg Disttrict (in ha) 48
Table 3-2 Block Wise Water Potential 49
Table 3-3 Block Wise Salient Features of Ground Water 53
Table 3-4 Block Wise Command &Non Command Area in Durg 54
Table 3-5 Block Wise Status of Command area in Durg 54
Table 3-6 Summary of Category Assessment units Chhattisgarh (As on March' 2013) 59
Table 3-7 Irrigated Area with Different Sources, District-Durg (Unit Ha) 60
Table 4-1 Domestic Water Requirement/Demand 61
Table 4-2 Crop Water Requirement For Block Durg 65
Table 4-3 Crop Water Requirement for Block Patan 66
Table 4-4 Crop Water Requirement for Block Dhamdha 67
Table 4-5 Live Stock Water Demand Durg District 68
Table 4-6 Live Stock Water Demand Block Durg 69
Table 4-7 Live Stock Water Demand Block Patan 70
Table 4-8 Live Stock Water Demand Block Dhamdha 70
Table 4-9 Water Consumptions by Animals / Birds 71
Table 4-10 Water Consumptions by Wild Life 72
Table 4-11 Block wise Industrial Water Demand 72
Table 4-12 Water Demand of The District for Various Sectors (Present) 73
Table 4-13 Water Demand of the district for various sectors (Projected 2025) 74
Table 4-14 Water Budget 74
Table 5-1 Water Potential Created 79
Table 5-2 Irrigated Area Created 79
Table 5-3 Block Wise Year Wise Estimated Cost (in Lakh) 79
Table 5-4 Block Wise ,Year Wise, Component Wise Estimated Cost (in Lakh) 80
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Table 5-5 Block Wise Proposed No of Activity 80
Table 5-6 Ministry Wise, Year Wise Estimated Cost (in Lakh) 81
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List of Figures
Figure 1-0-1 Location Map of Durg District 3
Figure 1-0-3 Hydrogeomorphology Map of Durg District 21
Figure 1-0-4 Ground Water Potential Map Durg District 22
Figure 1-5 Soil Texture Map of Durg District 27
Figure 1-6 Land Use Map of Durg Distrit 36
Figure 1-0-7 Drainage Map of Durg District 38
Figure 1-0-8 Watershed Map of Durg District 39
Figure 1-0-9 Surface Waterbody of Durg District 40
Figure 1-0-10 Lithology Map of Durg District 41
Figure 5-1 Proposed Water Harvesting Structure in Durg District 78
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Contributors
DIP COMPILED AND PREPARED BY
CENTER FOR GIS TECHNOLOGY
RAIPUR
CHATTISGARH
CONTACT- +91-7714023036 E-mail-cggis.technology@gmail.com www.cggistech.com
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Executive Summery
The major objective of PMKSY is to achieve convergence of investments in
irrigation at the field level, Expand cultivable area under assured irrigation, improve on-farm
water use efficiency to reduce wastage of water, enhance the adoption of precision-irrigation
and other water saving technologies (More crop per drop), enhance recharge of aquifers and
introduce sustainable water conservation practices by exploring the feasibility of reusing
treated municipal waste water for peri-urban agriculture and attract greater private investment
in precision irrigation system.
PMKSY has been conceived amalgamating ongoing schemes viz. Accelerated
Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) of the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development
& Ganga Rejuvenation (MoWR, RD&GR), Integrated Watershed Management Programme
(IWMP) of Department of Land Resources (DoLR) and the On Farm Water Management
(OFWM) of Department of Agriculture and Cooperation (DAC).
Ministry of Agriculture, and the Ministry of water Resources and Rural Development
will implement the scheme. In addition, the Ministry of Rural Development is to mainly
undertake rainwater conservation, construction of farm pond, water harvesting structures,
small check dams and contour bunding etc. and MoWR, RD &GR, is to undertake various
measures for creation of assured irrigation source, construction of diversion canals, field
channels, water diversion/lift irrigation, including development of water distribution systems.
Ministry of Agriculture will promote efficient water conveyance and precision water
application devices like drips, sprinklers, pivots, rain-guns in the farm ―(Jal Sinchan)‖,
construction of micro-irrigation structures to supplement source creation activities, extension
activities for promotion of scientific moisture conservation and agronomic measures
Programme architecture of PMKSY will be to adopt a ‗decentralized State level
planning and projected execution‘ structure that will allow States to draw up their own
irrigation development plans based on District Irrigation Plan (DIP) and State Irrigation Plan
(SIP). It will be operative as convergence platform for all water sector activities including
drinking water & sanitation, MGNREGS, application of science etc. through comprehensive
plan. State Level Sanctioning Committee (SLSC) chaired by the Chief Secretary of the State
will vested with the authority to oversee its implementation and sanction projects.
The programme will supervised and monitored by an Inter-Ministerial National
Steering Committee (NSC) constituted under the Chairmanship of Prime Minister with Union
Ministers from concerned Ministries. A National Executive Committee (NEC) willconstituted
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under the Chairmanship of Vice Chairman, NITI Aayog to oversee programme
implementation, allocation of resources, inter-ministerial coordination, monitoring &
performance assessment, addressing administrative issues etc.
Components and responsible Ministries/ Departments
1. AIBP by MoWR, RD &GR To focus on faster completion of ongoing Major and
Medium Irrigation including National Projects.
2. PMKSY (HarKhetkoPani) by MoWR,RD&GR Creation of new water sources
through Minor Irrigation (both surface and ground water)
Repair, restoration and renovation of water bodies.
Strengthening carrying capacity of traditional water sources.
Constructionrainwater harvesting structures.
Command area development. At least 10% of the command area to be covered
under micro/precision irrigation
Strengthening and creation of distribution network from source to the farm.
Improvement of water management and distribution system for water bodies to
take advantage of the available source, which is not tap to its fullest capacity
(deriving benefits from low hanging fruits).
Diversion of water from source of different location where it is plenty to
nearby water scarce areas, lift irrigation from water bodies/rivers at lower
elevation to supplement requirements beyond IWMP and MGNREGS
irrespective of irrigation command.
Creation and rejuvenation of traditional water storage systems like Jal Mandir
(Gujarat), Khatri, Kuhl (H.P.), Zabo (Nagaland), Eri, Ooranis (T.N.), Dongs
(Assam), Katas, Bandhas (Odisha and M.P.) Etc. at feasible locations.
3. PMKSY (Watershed) by Dept. of Land Resources, MoRD Waterharvesting
structures such as check dams, Nala bund, Farm ponds, Peripheral bund, Marginal Bund,
Pond andTanks etc.
Capacity building, Entry point activities, Ridge area treatment, Drainage line
treatment, Soil and moisture conservation, Nursery raising, Afforestation, Horticulture,
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Pasture development, Livelihood activities for the asset-less persons and production system &
micro enterprises for small and marginal farmers etc.
Effective rainfall management like field bunding, contour bunding/trenching,
staggered trenching, land levelling, mulching etc.
4. PMKSY(Per drop more crop) by Dept. of Agriculture & Cooperation, MoA
Programme management, preparation of State/District Irrigation Plan, approval of
annual action plan, Monitoring etc.
Promoting efficient water conveyance and precision water application devices
like drips, sprinklers, pivots, rain-guns in the farm (Jal Sinchan).
Topping up of input cost of civil construction beyond permissible limit (40%),
under MGNREGA for activities like lining inlet, outlet, silt traps distribution
system etc.
Construction of micro irrigation structures to supplement source creation
activities including tube wells and dug wells (in areas where ground water is
available and not under semi critical /critical /over exploited category of
development) which are not supported under PMKSY (WR), PMKSY
(Watershed) and MGNREGS.
Secondary storage structures at tail end of canal system to store water when
available in abundance (rainy season) or from perennial sources like streams
for use during dry periods through effective on-farm water management.
Water lifting devices like diesel/ electric/ solar pump sets including water
carriage pipes.
Extension activities for promotion of scientific moisture conservation and
agronomic measures including cropping alignment to maximise use of
available water including rainfall and minimise irrigation requirement (Jal
sarankchan).
Capacity building, training for encouraging potential use water source through
technological, agronomic and management practices including community
irrigation.
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Awareness campaign on water saving technologies, practices, programmes
etc., organisation of workshops, conferences, publication of booklets,
pamphlets, success stories, documentary, advertisements etc.
Improved/innovative distribution system like pipe and box outlet system with
controlled outlet and other activities of enhancing water use efficiency.
District Irrigation Plans (DIPs)
District Irrigation Plans (DIPs) shall be the cornerstone for planning and
implementation of PMKSY. DIPs will identify the gaps in irrigation infrastructure after taking
consideration of the District Agriculture Plans (DAPs) which already prepared for
RashtriyaKrishiVikasYojana (RKVY).
The Irrigation infrastructures which are currently available and resources that willbe
added during XII Plan from other ongoing schemes (both State and Central).like Mahatma
Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS),
RashtriyaKrishiVikashYojana (RKVY), Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF),
Member of Parliament Local Area Development (MPLAD) Scheme, Member of Legislative
Assembly Local Area Development (MLALAD) Scheme, Local body funds etc. will also
considered.
The gaps identified under Strategic Research & Extension Plan (SREGP) will used in
the preparation of DIP.
DIPs will present holistic irrigation development perspective of the district outlining
medium to long term development plans integrating three components viz. water sources,
distribution network and water use applications incorporating all usage of water like drinking
& domestic use, irrigation and industry.
Preparation of DIP willtake up as joint exercise of all participating departments. DIP
will form the compendium of all existing and proposed water resources network system in the
district.
The DIPs will prepared at the block and the district levels. Keeping in the view of the
convenience of map preparation and data collection, the work will primarily done at block
level. Block wise irrigation plan is to be prepared depending on the available and potential
water resources and water requirement for agriculture sector prioritising the activities based
on socio-economic and location specific requirement. In case of planning is made based on
basin/sub basin level, the comprehensive irrigation plan may cover more than one district.
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The activities identified in the basin/sub-basin plan can further segregated into
district/block level action plans. Use of satellite imagery, Topo sheets and available database
may appropriately utilised for developing irrigation plans at least on pilot basis to begin with
and subsequently may extended to all projects.
Background,
Hon‘ble President of India in his address to the joint Session of the Parliament of 16th
Lok Sabha indicated, ―Each drop of water is precious. Government is committed to giving
high priority to water security. It will complete the long pending irrigation projects on priority
and launch the ‗Pradhan MantriKrishiSinchayeeYojana‘ with the motto of ‗HarKhetKoPaani‘.
There is a need of serious consideration to all options including linking of rivers, where
feasible for ensuring optimal use of our water resources to prevent the recurrence of floods
and drought. By harnessing rainwater through Jal Sanchay and Jal Sinchanwe can nurture
water conservation and ground water recharge. Micro irrigation will ensure ‗Per drop-More
crop‘. Nearly 141m.Ha of net area shown in the country, about 65 million hectare (45%)
are presently covered under irrigation. Substantial dependency on rainfall makes cultivation in
unirrigated areas a high risk, less productive profession. Empirical evidences suggest to
assured farmers to invest more in farming technology and inputs leading to productivity
enhancement and increased farm income. The overreaching vision of Pradhan
MantriKrishiSinchayeeYojana (PMKSY) is to ensure access to some means of protective
irrigation to all agricultural farms in the country, to produce ‗per drop more crop‘, thus
bringing much desired rural prosperity.
Vision,
To use the available water resources in the district at the maximum potential in an
efficient way catering to the basic needs of every living being and enhancing the livelihoods
of rural population to the maximum extent thus alleviating poverty in a sustainable way
without compromising the interests of future generations.
Objective,
The broad objectives of PMKSY is to -
a) Achieve convergence of investments in irrigation at the field level (preparation of
district level and, if required, sub district level water use plans).
b) Enhance the physical access of water on the farm and expand cultivable area under
assured irrigation (HarKhetkopani),
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c) Integration of water source, distribution and its efficient use, to make best use of
water through appropriate technologies and practices.
d) Improve on-farm water use efficiency to reduce wastage and increase availability
both in duration and in extent,
e) Enhance the adoption of precision-irrigation and other water saving technologies
(More crop per drop).
f) Enhance recharge of aquifers and introduce sustainable water conservation
practices
g) Ensure the integrated development of rain fed areas using the watershed approach
towards soil and water conservation, regeneration of ground water, arresting runoff, providing
livelihood options and other NRM activities.
h) Promote extension activities relating to water harvesting, water management and
crop alignment for farmers and grass root level field functionaries.
i) To explore the feasibility of reusing treated municipal wastewater for peri-urban
agriculture,
j) Attract greater private investments in irrigation.
This will increase agricultural production and productivity and enhance farm income.
Strategy /approach
To achieve above objectives, PMKSY will strategize by focussing on end-to end
solution in irrigation supply chain, viz. water sources, distribution network, efficient farm
level applications, extension services on new technologies & information. Broadly, PMKSY
will focus on-
a) Creation of new water sources, repair, restoration and renovation of defunct water
sources, construction of water harvesting structures, secondary & micro storage, groundwater
development, enhancing potentials of traditional water bodies at village level like Jal Mandir
(Gujarat), Khatri, Kuhl (H.P.),Zabo (Nagaland); Eri, Ooranis (T.N.),Dongs (Assam), Katas,
Bandhas (Odisha and M.P.) etc.
b) Developing/augmenting distribution network where irrigation sources (both
assured and protective) are available or created.
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c) Promotion of scientific moisture conservation and run off control measures to
improve ground water recharge to create opportunities for farmer to access recharged water
through shallow tube/dug wells.
d) Promoting efficient water conveyance and field application devices within the
farm, underground piping system, Drip & Sprinklers, pivots, rain-guns and other application
devices etc.
e) Encouraging community irrigation through registered user groups/farmer producers‘
organisations/NGOs.
f) Farmer oriented activities like capacity building, training and exposure visits,
demonstrations, farm schools, skill development in efficient water and crop management
practices (crop alignment) including large-scale awareness on more crop per drop of water
through mass media campaign, exhibitions, field days, and extension activities through short
animation films etc.
g) The previously mentioned areas only outline the broad contours of PMKSY;
combination of interventions may be required depending on location specific conditions and
requirements, which will identified through District and State Irrigation Plans.
Methodology:
The preparation of District Irrigation plan is an integration of geospatial technology,
Space application technologies and spatial and non-spatial data.
1. Transformation of available thematic information (district provided Gyan data)
on to the village level on Bhuvan portal and extract geo-referenced village map data.
2. Integration of thematic layers with socio-economic data for classification of
area into specific composite land units on village level.
3. Preparation of appropriate action plan based on potential of composite land units
and developmental needs of study area in based on available data.
4. Field visit to validate the recommended measures with respect to the ground
situation and requirement of the local people.
5. Finalization of development plans based on field observation.
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Available thematic information for preparation for water resource and land resources
and development plan.
Land use / land cover map
Groundwater potential map
Soil map - depth, texture, erosion and land capability
Slope map.
High-resolution Satellite imaginary through Bhuvan portal.
Lithology.
Hydro geomorphology.
Area for development of water resources structure geospatial technology has been
used in this process first identify the area of crop land based on high resolution satellite data
and then identify the irrigated area by different source of irrigation methods. To identify the
unirrigated area an overlay method is used. District irrigation plan covers the following
planning component of the district in sustainable development approach:
Increase in vegetation/biomass in the district.
More number of surface water bodies in district.
Shift from annual crop to perennial.
Increase in the extent of crop area.
Improvement in the soil moisture availability
Reclamation of wastelands.
Convergence of investments in irrigation at the field level.
Enhance the physical access of water on the farm and expand cultivable area under
assured irrigation (Har Khet ko pani)
Best use of water through appropriate technologies and practices.
Improve on-farm water use efficiency.
Enhance the adoption of precision-irrigation and other water saving technologies
(More crop per drop).
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Enhance recharge of aquifers and introduce sustainable water conservation practices.
Ensure the integrated development of rain fed areas.
Promote extension activities relating to water harvesting, water management and crop
alignment for farmers and grass root level field functionaries.
Explore the feasibility of reusing treated municipal waste water for peri-urban
agriculture,
Attract greater private investments in irrigation.
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1.2 District Profile
Situated on the east bank of river Shivnath, District Durg is herald of Chhattisgarh‘s
Industrial Development, Cultural competence, Social harmony and Meaningful use of
resources. It is a symbol of status, prestige and glory of Chhattisgarh. History of Durg is like
conducive inspiration, which is unique mixture of oldness and modernity, culture-rite and
entrepreneurship, and is part of the Durg-Bhilai urban agglomeration. The district lies
between 20°54' and 21°32' north latitude and 81°10' and 81°36‘ East longitude covering an
area of 2238.36 sq. Km. It is surrounded by Bemetara district in north, Dhamtari district in the
east; Balod district is the in south and Ranjnandgaon district in the west. The District
headquarter Durg is on the Mumbai - Howrah line of south-eastern railways. The National
Highway no. 6 (Great Eastern Road) also passes through the town of Durg. A network of the
state highways and all weather roads connects all-important places within the district.
Durg town 21°12' 22.3884'' N and 81° 18' 49.8312'' E is the district Headquarters.
Total no of villages in the district is 429.
According to the 2011 census, Rajnandgaon district has a population of 1721948. In
addition, district has a population density is 742 persons/ sq.km and the literacy rate is around
79%.
The percentage of irrigated area in Rajnandgaon district is 72%.
Durg is the part of the Durg-Bhilai urban agglomeration. The city is an agricultural
market and heavily engaged in milling rice and pigeon peas. Durg gained importance as an
industrial centre after the establishment of a large steel plant at Bhilai. Other industries
include brass working and bell-metal working, oil pressing, mining and weaving.
Chapter- 1 General Information of the
District
1.1.1.1.1
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The brief summary of the Durg is shown in below table.
Table 1-1 District Profile
District Profile
Geographical Area 231999
Latitude and Longitude 20°54' and 21°32'
81°10' and 81°36'
Average Rainfall 1168.2
Area under Forest 0
Area under Agriculture use 192214
Total net Swon Area 141062
Total Gross Area 192214
Net Irrigated (Rabi/Khariff) 30166(105488/135654)
Net Rain fed 35574
Total Number of blocks 3
Total Number of Gram Panchayats 296
Total Number of Villages 429
Total Population 1721948
Total Male Population 875813
Total Female Population 846135
Total Population ST 58943
Total Population SC 145296
Total Population GEN/OBC 922492
Total livestock 1600030
Stored Surface water (BCM) 0.4047
Stored Ground water (BCM) 0.0369
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Figure 1-0-1 Location Map of Durg District
Source: NRSC (District GYAN data and ISRO Bhuvan Portel
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1.3 Demography
Table 1-0-1 Block Wise Total Population
Block
Population SC ST General Total
M F Total
No of
house
hold
No of
Member
s
No of
house
hold
No of
Member
s
No of
househ
old
No of
Membe
rs
No of
househo
ld
No of
Membe
rs
Durg 576597 550134 1126731 63925 145296 15478 58943 162945 922492 242348 1126731
Patan 163736 161491 325227 14523 50881 7093 27687 47460 246659 69076 325227
Dhamdha 135480 134510 269990 10514 49410 3908 14558 41624 206022 56046 269990
Gr.Total 875813 846135 1721948 88962 245587 26479 101188 252029 1375173 367470 1721948
Source: Census of India 2011
It is reflect from table that total population of the district is 1721948 out of which
875813 male and 846135 female people. Durg block reserves the highest population.
Graph 1-1 Block Wise Total Population
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
Male Female No ofhousehold
Durg Patan Dhamdha
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Figure 1- 2 Population Map of District Durga
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1.4 Biomass and Live Stock
Water plays an important role in livestock productivity. Livestock productivity in
pastoral areas depends greatly on the availability of water. There are several factors, which
determine water balance, water turnover and functions of the animal. Assessment of livestock
and water requirement is helpful in modelling water and livestock relationships.
The demand for meat, dairy products and eggs rises faster than the demand for crops;
thus both scenarios call for livestock production to increase relatively more rapidly than crops.
The world livestock system is broadly divided into pastoral grazing, mixed farming and
industrial systems (Sere and Seinfeld 1996). Estimate of the current demand of 1.7 billion tons
of cereals and 206 million tons of meat in developing countries could rise by 2020 to 2.5 to
2.8 billion tons of cereals and to 310 millions of tons of meat (IFPRI 2000). Water is used by
the herbivore as a medium for physical and chemical energy transfer, namely for evaporative
cooling and intermediary metabolism (Konandreas and Anderson; King 1983,Kirda and
Riechardt 1986). Livestock and poultry water consumption depend on a number of
physiological and environmental conditions such as:
• Type and size of animal or bird
• Physiological state (lactating, pregnant or growing)
• Activity level
• Type of diet-dry hay, silage or lush pasture
• Temperature-hot summer days above 25 0C can sometimes double the water
consumption of animals.
• Water quality - palatability and salt content
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In the below table the demand of water for Large Animals is shown and all the figures
are taken from the Livestock Census of India.
Table 1-0-2 Large Animals of Durg District
Sr.No Name of
Block
Large Animals Draft Animal
(Buffalo/Yak/bulls/any
other
(Nos.) Indigenous Cow (Nos.)
In descriptive Buffalo
(Nos.)
1 DURG 99405 31541 16891
2 PATAN 124787 12633 17869
3 DHAMDHA 127046 13106 10294
Source: Livestock Census of India 2011
From the above table we can see that in Durg District Patan Block having largest number of
water demand for large animals i.e.155289 in those 124787 cows and 12633 Buffalos and
Durg Block have lowest number of water demand for large animals i.e. 147837 in those
99405 cows and 31541 Buffalos.
The Graphical representation of large animals is shown below.
Graph 1-2 Large Animals of Durg District
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
Indigenous Cow (Nos.) In descriptive Buffalo(Nos.)
Draft Animal(Buffalo/Yak/bulls/any other
(Nos.)
DURG PATAN DHAMDHA
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Table 1-0-3 Small Animals of Durg District
Sr.No Name of Block
Small Animals
Poultry
(No.)
Pigs
(Nos.)
Goats
(Nos.)
Sheeps
(Nos.)
1 DURG 230192 1743 12232 648
2 PATAN 77925 142 13105 2405
3 DHAMDHA 101547 226 9583 425
Source: Livestock Census of India 2011
From the above table it is clear that in Durg No of Pigs are 2111 and Goats 34920, Sheeps 3478.
The Graphical Representation of the Small animals in the district is shown below.
Graph 1-3 Small Animals of Durg District
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
Poultry(No.)
Pigs(Nos.)
Goats(Nos.)
Sheeps (Nos.)
DURG PATAN DHAMDHA
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Table 1-0-4 Poultry of Durg District
Sr No Name of Block Poultry
(No.)
1 DURG 230192
2 PATAN 77925
3 DHAMDHA 101547
Total 409664
Source: Livestock Census of India 2011
The total livestock population consisting of Cattle, Buffalo, Sheep, Goat, pig, Horses
& Ponies, Mules, and Donkeys are divided into the three main category based on requirement
of water.
Graph 1-4 Poultry of Durg District
From the above graph it is clear that in Durg Block there is large no of Poultry and in
Dhamdha and Patan less.
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
DURG PATAN DHAMDHA
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Table 1-0-5 Water Consumption by Different Category of Livestock
Water Consumptions by Animals / Birds
S. N. Livestock Category Water requirement
Range
Average Water Use
L/ Day
1 Poultry 0.16-0.24 0.2
2 Small Animals 13-20 16.5
3 Large Animals 39-59 49
1.5 Agro-Ecology, Climate, Hydrology and Topography:
Agro-ecology is the study of ecological processes that operate in agricultural
production systems. The prefix agro- refers to agriculture. Bringing ecological principles to
bear in agroecosystems can suggest novel management approaches that will not considered.
Agroecology is the application of ecological concepts and methodological design for long-
term enhancement and management of soil fertility and agriculture productivity. It provides a
strategy to increase diversified agro-ecosystem. Therefore, it is benefiting the effect of the
incorporation of plant and animal biodiversity, nutrient recycling; biomass creation and
growth with natural resource systems based on legumes, trees, and incorporation of livestock.
These all make the basis of a sustainable agriculture and aim to improve the food system and
societal sustainability. The agroecology supports production of both a huge quantity and
diversity of good quality of food, thread and medicinal crops, together with family utilization
and the market for economic and nutritionally at risk populations. Sustainable agricultural
practices have to tackle the conservation of biodiversity, enhanced ecological functions, social
tolerance, self-reliance, fairness, improved quality of life and economic productivity of crops
and live- stock. Sustainability of agriculture critical from the food point of view and
ecological security at the regional scale.
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Table 1-0-6 Rainfall in District
S.No. Name of Block
Normal
Annual
RainfalL (mm)
Average
Monthly Rain
Fall (mm)
No of
Rainy
Days
(No.)
Maximum Rainfall Intensity
(mm)
Up to 15
Min
Beyond 15
but up to
30 Min
Beyond 30
but up to
60 Min
1 DURG 1087.70 1038.00 47 30 7 10
2 PATAN 1184.30 1065.00 49 30 7 12
3 DHAMDHA 1015.90 1015.90 28 13 6 9
Source IMD &ICAR Department Raipur
Table 1-0-7 Agro- Ecological Zone
S.No. Name of Block
Agro
Ecological
Zone
Type
Block
Area
(ha)
Normal
Annual
RainfalL
(mm)
Average
Monthly
Rain Fall
(mm)
No of
Rainy
Days
(No.)
Maximum Rainfall
Intensity (mm)
Up to 15
Min
Beyond
15 but
up to 30
Min
Beyond
30 but
up to 60
Min
1 DURG C.G.
Plain
67517 1087.70 1038.00 47 30 7 10
2 PATAN 76233 1184.30 1065.00 49 30 7 12
3 DHAMDHA 88249 1015.90 1015.90 28 13 6 9
Source IMD &ICAR Department Raipur
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Table 1-0-8 Temperature
Average Weekly Temperature (''C)
Period
Summer (April-May) Winter (Oct-Mar.) Rainy (June-Sept)
Min. Max. Mean Min. Max. Mean Min. Max. Mean
24 13.3
29 15.2
32.9 18.7
37 23.1
39.5 25.3
34.8 24.1
30.4 23.5
28.6 23.3
29.2 23.2
29.6 21.3 29.6 21.3
26.4 17 26.4 17
24.2 13.5 24.2 13.5
76.5 48.4 0 166 99 0 203 146 0
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Figure 1-3 Topography of Durg District
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Figure 1-3 Slope Map
Source: NRSC (District GYAN data and ISRO BhuvanPortel
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1.6 Slope
Slope of land is also one of the important physiographic aspects influencing the
landuse of an area. The effect of slope on agriculture may be both direct and indirect. The
most obvious direct influence of slope is in the form of the restrained on cultivation and
accessibility. The indirect effect of slope manifests itself in pedological and climatic
modification including the position of water table, development of soils, air drainage, and
relative freedom from frost. This classification gives information regarding slope percent
classes in the study area. The general slope of the area in the northerly.
Table 1-0-9 Slope Category
Slope Category Slope class
Nearly level 0-1 %
Very gently sloping 1-3 %
Gently sloping 3-8 %
Strongly sloping 8-15 %
Mod. steep to steep 15-35 %
Steep sloping 35-45 %
Very Steep sloping >45 %
Table 1-0-10 Block Wise Slope Class Categories in %
Slope Class 0 to 1 1 to 2 2 to 5 5 to 8 8 to 15 15 to 35 > 35
DURG
PATAN
DHAMDHA
Source: Based on NRSC Carto DEM
1.7 Geomorphology
Geomorphology is one of the critical theme information for all the application
projects. Hence, the geomorphic maps proposed to be prepared would cater to the different
resource information needs of the country like geo-environment, geo-engineering, geohazards,
mineral and ground water exploration and also interdisciplinary themes like soil, land use /
land cover and forest, etc. Geomorphology plays an important role in various fields of
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planning. One of the major themes is the irrigation development wherein the
geomorphological guides are used as one of the indicator zone for site selection. The
understanding of subsurface geology is a primary requirement for planning exploration and
exploitation strategies. The basement structure highs manifest itself on the surface as
geomorphic anomaly like annular drainage pattern, radial pattern, sudden change in the river
course etc.
Landforms of fluvial origin
The word fluvial is used in earth science to refer to processes and landforms produced
by running water. As with other surficial processes, running water can either erode material
from the earth‘s landscape, or deposit layers of sediment. The resulting landforms can be
further classified as either erosional landforms or depositional landforms. The incredible
power of running water in carving various erosional and depositional landforms is well
known. Although the quantity of water in stream is small at one time during the course of the
year, very large volumes of water moves through the channel and they form an important
component in the hydrological cycle. The fluvial dissection of the landscape consists of
valleys and their included channel ways organized into a system of connection known as a
drainage network. Drainage networks display many types of quantitative regularity that are
useful in analyzing both the fluvial systems and the terrains that they dissect. The following
are some of the important landforms definition of fluvial origin.
Braided bar
A stream that divides into or follows an interlacing or tangled network of several,
small, branching and reuniting shallow channels separated from each other by branch islands
or channel bars, resembling in plan the strands of a complex braid. Such systems are generally
believed to indicate the inability to carry its entire load such as an overloaded and aggrading
stream flowing in a wide channel on a flood plain.
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Figure 1-4 Geomorphology Map of District Durg
Source: NRSC (District GYAN data and ISRO BhuvanPortel
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Landforms of Denudational Origin
Landform of denudational origin is formed where the denudation process dominates
over the other process. Most of the landform resulting due to this process is the combined
effect of mechanical and chemical weathering. Denudation is the process of removal of
material by erosion and weathering. This has direct influence on the relief of the area
especially in the reduction of relief to the base level. The agents are mostly water, ice and
wind. The major factors affecting denudation are geology, climate, tectonics and
anthropogenic effects. All rocks and minerals at or near surface are attacked by physical and
chemical process. The effect of this process is not everywhere because of rocks varying
resistance to change. As a result weathering and erosion yield number of landforms, which
have typical shape and forms. Weathering is an essential part of the rock cycle. The parent
material, or rock-weathered material is disaggregated to form smaller fragments and some of
the minerals are dissolved and removed by the agent of water. This removal of material is
erosionis accomplished by running water, wind, glacier etc. The weathering provides a raw
material for the sedimentary rock and soil. Important denudational landforms to be mapped
are explained below.
Pediment
A broad, flat or gently sloping, rock floored erosion surface or plain of low relief,
typically developed by sub aerial agents (including running water) in an arid or semiarid
region at the base of an abrupt and receding mountain front or plateau escarpment, and
underlain by bedrock (occasionally by older alluvial deposits) that may be bare but more often
partly mantled with a and discontinuous veneer of alluvium derived from the upland masses
and in transit across the surface.
Pediment-Inselberg Complex
The pediments dotted by numerous inselberg of small sizes, which makes it difficult to
distinguish from the pediments. Hence, it is called as a complex of pediment and inselberg.
Pediplain
An extensive, multi-concave, rock cut erosion surface formed by the coalescence of
two or more adjacent pediments representing the (the ―pen plain‖) mature stage of the erosion
cycle.
Landform of structural origin
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Landform of structural origin is related to structural aspect of the area. Most of the
landforms under this class has genesis related to underlying structure. Structure plays an
important role for reducing the resistance of rock, which manifests itself in different
geomorphic forms. Some of the variation is minor and some are in mega scale. The mega
scale forms have a dramatic effect on the genesis of landforms and hence mapping of such
forms indirectly indicates the structural set up of the area. The mega scale structural features
like fault and fold depending on its type plays an important role in genesis of structural
landform. The influence of geologic structures on the development and appearance of
landscapes is prominent. The influence of geologic structures ranges from large features,
which exert a dominant influence on the form of an entire landscape, to small features, which
affect an individual landform and the geomorphic processes operating on it. The structural
control could be active structures whose form is directly impressed on the modern landscape
or ancient structural features whose influence on a modern landscape is due primarily to
differential erosion.
Dissected Structural Hills and Valleys
Hills and valleys, which are originated due to tectonic process and are highly dissected
by the drainage lines. This can be further classified as highly, moderately and low dissection
depending on the density of joints and drainage. Mostly this will interpreted from a
planimetric satellite data and the classification is highly subjective.
Intrusive bodies (Lines) Basic Dyke
Intrusive features that are emplaced within the pre-existing fractures or where the fluid
pressure is great enough for them to form their own fracture during emplacements. They are
discordant bodies. The concordant equivalents are sill and mostly form sheet like plutons.
Fracture/Lineament
All linear features are to be interpreted from the image. The cultural features like road,
railway line, high-tension lines etc. are to be excluded. The line segment may not be a single
continuous line; rather it has to be shown as discontinuous line segments. Line segments from
remote sensing data can be identified mainly based on their linear nature, presence of
moisture, alignment of vegetation, alignment of ponds, straight stream segments, etc.
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However, interpretation of line segments is to be done in conjunction with other diagnostic
criteria, such as channel offset, bank erosion and down-cutting of channel along lineament,
warping and displacement of sediment layer, an branching of river course, abrupt change of
river course, presence of dry channel in an active river course, channel rejuvenation and land
subsidence, linear ridges, scarp surface, linear alignment of water bodies and straight channel
segments.
Very small (magnitude) linear features frequently observed in the image. They
correspond to minor faults, fractures, joints and bedding traces in the rock.
Geomorphologically they are expressed as linear alignments of local depressions/ ponds and
tonal changes in soil and vegetation. Large linear features. Adjacent/coincides with regional
trends/ structural features. It cuts across various geomorphic units in both time and space.
1.8 Hydrogeomorphology
Hydrogeomorphology is an emerging scientific domain, mainly based on the concepts
of other scientific areas related to geosciences (e.g., geomorphology, geology, remote sensing,
hydrogeology, applied geophysics, soil and rock geotechnics, hydrology, topography,
climatology and natural hazards. It operates in an interdisciplinary field focused on the
linkage between hydrologic processes with landforms or earth materials, the interaction of
geomorphic processes relating surface water and groundwater regimen.
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Figure 1-0-2 Hydrogeomorphology Map of Durg District
Source: NRSC (District GYAN data) and ISRO BhuvanPortel
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Figure 1-0-3 Ground Water Potential Map Durg District
Source: District Gyan Data
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1.9 Soil
Soil is the mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and the countless
organisms that together support life on Earth.
Soil is a major part of the natural environment, alongside air and water, and is vital to
the existence of life on the planet. Soil is the result of the process of the gradual breakdown of
rock - the solid geology that makes up the earth. As rock becomes broken down through a
variety of processes, such as weathering and erosion, the particles become ground smaller and
smaller. As a whole, soil is made of four constituents: mineral material, organic material, air
and water. There are three main mineral parts to soil, ‗sand silt‘ and ‗clay‘. These parts give
the soil its 'mineral texture'. In addition, as leaves and other organic material fall to the ground
and decompose - there also forms an ‗organic‘ layer. Soil scientists (or pedologists) use a
series of sieves to separate out the constituent parts in order to characterise soil by texture
class.
Many natural bodies, such as plants and animals, are discrete entities, which can be
classified, and guidelines for their identification followed. Soils are much more difficult to
identify and classify than these discrete bodies for two main reasons: (i) soil is more or less a
continuum covering the land surface of the earth, not a set of discrete entities; and (ii) most of
the soil is below ground and therefore not readily visible. Soils grade into one another across
the landscape usually without sharp boundaries between one type of soil and another. Soil
surveyors who make maps of soils have to use their skills in reading changes in the landscape
coupled with auger borings in the soil to identify the nature of the soil.
There are several ways of classifying a soil, from the simple to the complex. A soil
type may be as simple as ‗a sandy soil‘ or ‗a clayey soil‘ and this is often the perception of
many land users, such as farmers or civil engineers, who see it as material they have to deal
with to achieve an end result, such as the growing of a crop of wheat, or the building a road.
Simple classifications tend to be of local and restricted relevance only. At the other end of the
spectrum is the soil scientist who needs to understand how soils have formed, which types
occur where, and for what the different types of soil can be used. The soil scientist seeks a
much broader understanding, with the aim of underpinning the use and preservation of this
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important natural resource, and this has manifested itself in a number of detailed soil
classification systems worldwide.
Soils have many important functions. Perhaps the best appreciated is the function to
support the growth of agricultural and horticultural crops. Soil is the mainstay of agriculture
and horticulture, forming as it does the medium in which growth and ultimately the yield of
food producing crops occurs. Farmers and gardeners have worked with their soils over many
centuries to produce increasing amounts of food to keep pace with the needs of a burgeoning
world population. The soil's natural cycles go a long way in ensuring that the soil can provide
an adequate physical, chemical and biological medium for crop growth. The farmer and
horticulturalist have also become skilled in managing soils so that these natural cycles can be
added to as necessary to facilitate adequate soil support and increasing yield to enhance
production.
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Table 1-0-11 Soil Type
S.No. Name of
the block
Red Soil
(Bhata) Entisols
Sandy loams
(Matasi)
Inceptisols
Dorsa
(Alfisols)
Black
(Kanhar)
vertisols Total
Area
Area % Area % Area % Area %
1 Durg 4381 12.70 8022 23.26 8925 25.88 13157 38.15 34485
2 Patan 5840 9.98 27143 46.38 14122 24.13 11420 19.51 58525
3 Dhamdha 7670 14.25 10360 19.24 15626 29.02 20183 37.49 53839
Total 17891 12.30 45525 29.63 38673 26.35 44760 31.72 146849
Source: Agriculture Dept SREP 2014-2015
1.10 Soil Depth
The mean depth of the soil layer within the sampling area is assessed by studying
conditions in the terrain, both on the test area and in its immediate vicinity. The soil depth on
the test area (humus layer + mineral soil) is specified as one of the following four classes:
Deep soil Mean soil depth greater than 70 cm. Bedrock outcrop lacking
in both the test area and its immediate vicinity with similar
topography.
Fairly shallow soil Mean soil depth 20-70 cm. Occasional visible bedrock outcrop
present. If there is only one bedrock outcrop it must lie wholly
or partly within the test area.
Very shallow soil Mean soil depth less than 20 cm. Frequent occurrence of
bedrock outcrop. At least one bedrock outcrop within the test
area. The soil may be deep within small fissures in the bedrock.
Varying soil depth Wide variation in soil depth within the test area due to broad
crevasses in the bedrock, which occasionally emerges as
outcrop at the surface.
1.11 Soil Texture
Soil texture is a qualitative classification tool used in both the field and laboratory to
determine classes for agricultural soils based on their physical texture. The classes are
distinguished in the field by the "textural feel" which can be further clarified by separating the
relative proportions of sand, silt and clay using grading sieves: The Particle-size
distribution (PSD). The class is then used to determine crop suitability and to approximate the
soils responses to environmental and management conditions such as drought
or calcium (lime) requirements
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Soil texture has an important role in nutrient management because it influences
nutrient retention. For instance, finer textured soils tend to have greater ability to store soil
nutrients.
In our discussion on soil mineral composition, we mentioned that the mineral particles
of a soil are present in a wide range of size. Recall that the fine earth fraction includes all soil
particles that are less than 2 mm. Soil particles within this fraction are further divided into the
3 separate size classes, which includes sand, silt, and clay. The size of sand particles range
between 2.0 and 0.05 mm; silt, 0.05 mm and 0.002 mm; and clay, less than 0.002 mm. Notice
that clay particles may be over one thousand times smaller than sand particles. This difference
in size is largely due to the type of parent material and the degree of weathering. Sand
particles are generally primary minerals that have not undergone much weathering. On the
other hand, clay particles are secondary minerals that are the products of the weathering of
primary minerals. As weathering continues, the soil particles break down and become smaller
and smaller.
Soil texture is the relative proportions of sand, silt, or clay in a soil. The soil textural
class is a grouping of soils based upon these relative proportions. Soils with the finest texture
are called clay soils, while soils with the coarsest texture are called sands. However, a soil that
has a relatively even mixture of sand, silt, and clay and exhibits the properties from each
separate is called a loam. There are different types of loams, based upon which soil separate is
most abundantly present. If the percentages of clay, silt, and sand in a soil are known
(primarily through laboratory analysis), you may use the textural triangle to determine the
texture class of your soil.
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Figure 1-4 Soil Texture Map of Durg District
Source: NRSC (District GYAN data and ISRO BhuvanPortel
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Table 1-0-12 Block Wise Soil Texture Distribution (% Area)
Block Durg Patan Dhamda
Coarse Loamy 1.22 9.20 25.98
Fine 8.70 13.68 12.60
Fine Loamy 7.58 14.63 15.44
Loamy skeletal 3.43 34.82 3.49
Rocky ridges/dykes 27.58 0.00 48.88
Very Fine 0.00 0.33 6.07
Grand Total 6.82 16.69 12.67
LUSI, NBSS, Indian Institute of Soil Science, Department of Land Resources
1.12 Soil Erosion
Soil Erosion is one form of soil degradation. Soil erosion is a naturally occurring
process that affects all landforms. In agriculture, soil erosion refers to the wearing away of a
field's topsoil by the natural physical forces of weather and wind or through forces associated
with farming activities such as tillage.
Erosion, whether it is by water, wind or tillage, involves three distinct actions – soil
detachment, movement and deposition. Topsoil, which is high in organic matter, fertility and
soil life, is relocated elsewhere "on-site" where it builds up over time or is carried "off-site"
where it fills in drainage channels. Soil erosion reduces cropland productivity and contributes
to the pollution of adjacent watercourses, wetlands, and lakes.
Soil erosion can be a slow process that continues relatively unnoticed or can occur at
an alarming rate, causing serious loss of topsoil. Soil compaction, low organic matter, loss of
soil structure, poor internal drainage, salinisation, and soil acidity problems are other serious
soil degradation conditions that can accelerate the soil erosion process. The greater the
intensity and duration of a rainstorm, the higher the erosion potential. The impact of raindrops
on the soil surface can break down soil aggregates and disperse the aggregate material.
Lighter aggregate materials such as very fine sand, silt, clay and organic matter are easily
removed by the raindrop splash and runoff water; greater raindrop energy or runoff amounts
are required to move larger sand and gravel particles.
Soil movement by rainfall (raindrop splash) is usually greatest and most noticeable
during short-duration, high-intensity thunderstorms. Although the erosion caused by long-
lasting and less-intense storms is not usually as spectacular or noticeable as that produced
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during thunderstorms, the amount of soil loss can be significant, especially when compounded
over time.
1.13 Land Use
Concept of Land Use
Land use is a function of four variables, land, water, air and man, each plays in its own
role in composing its life history. Land constitutes its body, water runs through its veins like
blood, air gives it oxygen and man acts as the dynamic actor to reflect its types, pattern and
distribution. Land varies in altitudes, forms and expressions. Man has played his part on land
to portray the different phases of his ties with it. The Homo sapiens moved from one
topography to another where climate, flora and fauna also changed. He used land, flora and
fauna to fit his limited wants. Men multiplied, their wants increased and become complex, the
uses of land also increased, methods and technology also changed. Man was making his own
map on the face of the earth to portray his link, adaptation, creation and destruction. Man has
cleared the forest for shifting (Jhum) cultivation. He then used the land for large-scale
farming, small-scale farming, intensive farming, mixed farming, dry farming, etc. He has used
the land for one crop or another is a minor landuse problem, but to use each plot of land for
the right cultivation under optimum conditions to obtain optimum yield is a significant
problem. Man has learnt the use of grasslands, semi-arid and arid lands to his own advantage
by applying improved methodology and utilisation of his accomplishments.
Over a period of time, basically geographic pattern of agricultural landuse are the
outcome of concurrent interaction between the variable combinations of natural condition and
human circumstances. Primarily, these are influenced by natural condition and thereafter
affected by human circumstances because of their colonizing capability. The human
circumstances are mainly responsible for dynamism in agriculture landuse or changing
cropland occupancy. Therefore, efficient cropland occupancy, say cropping pattern, implies
the most successful use of agriculture land, consequent upon development of irrigation
facilities and application of modern methods of farm technology. The key to the most
important aspect of landuse lies in the relation of population to land. The crux of the review,
therefore, refers to the study of the problems in use of land by man. According to R.H. Best,
the term land use deals with the spatial aspects of human activities on the Land and with the
way in which the land surface is adapted or could be adapted, to serve human needs. This
leads one back to the village farm and farmer, to the fields, gardens, pastures, fallow land, and
forest and to the isolated farmstead (Freeman, 1960). The land use shifts from agricultural
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uses to residential, industrial, transportation, and neighbourhood retail and service activities
due to urbanization. A true nature of these dynamic qualities in land use emerges from a
historical survey designed to reveal the successive development of inherent characteristics of
land because 'some changes are short lived whereas others represent a more constant demand'
(Jackson, 1963).
Land Use Classification
The conservation and development of land resource is in area needs special focus. It
needs well thought and rational planning, which in turn depends upon minute observation of
land use pattern. The aim of this study is clear visualization of local land environment. The
intense and focused study of the details of land use puts us in a position to conserve the
important elements of the nature, which otherwise lead in a direction of destruction and
consequently threaten the social strata. The present study focuses mainly on dimension, which
is very important from the sustainability point of view that is distribution of different groups
of land use, i.e. their ratios in the region. Therefore, it becomes very complex and diversified
to study all the groups available at micro-level, homogenous groups are generalized to reduce
the number of groups, and these simplified groups of land use are called generalized land use
classification.
World Land Use Classification mainly recognizes nine categories. These are
Settlement and Associated Non Agricultural Land, Horticulture, Tree and Permanent Crops,
Crop Land, Improved Permanent Pasture, Improved Grazing Land, Wood Land, Swamps and
Marshes, Unproductive Land.
In India, a standard classification system is yet to develop. National Atlas and The
land use classification presented by All India Soil and Land Use Survey 1970 is as follows:
1. Forest Land (F) F1 Without Canopy F2 Sparse Forest F3 General Forest F4 Fully
Stocked Top Canopy
2. Cultivated land (CC) C1 Single Cropped C2 Double Cropped C3 Triple Cropped
3. Terraced Land (T) T1 Poorly Bounded Land T2 Poor Terracing Measures T3 Bench
Terraces
4. Waste Land (W) W1 Fit for Cultivation W2 Unfit for Cultivation
5. Pasture Land (P) P Pasture and Grazing Land H Hay Land When the Grass
Periodically Cut P1 With Young Shrubs P2 With Well Grows Shrubs T Thorny Lands and
Heavy Canopy Shrubs.
Land use classification by Statistical Department of Government of India.
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I. Geographical Area - Area calculated by Survey Department.
II. Reported Area (Statistical area related to land use)
1. Forest
2. Land not Available for Cultivation
a) Land Put to Non- Agricultural Use,
b) Barren and Uncultivable Land,
3. Other Uncultivable and excluding Fallow Land
a) Permanent Pastures and Other Grazing Land,
b) Miscellaneous Tree Crops and Gardens,
c) Culturable Waste Land.
4. Fallow Land a) Fallow Other than Current Fallow b) Current Fallow
5. Cultivated Land a) Net Sown Area, b) Area Sown More Than Once.
I. Net Irrigated Area.
II. Total Irrigated Area.
The analysis of land use in the present study is based on district statistical magazine,
data available at block level and revenue office. Following categories of land use have been
recognised in the study area. In the analysis of land use pattern study has been adopted at
block level: Forest Cover, Barren and cultivable waste land, Current Fallow land, Other
Fallow land, Barren & uncultivable Land, Land put to non-agricultural Use, Pastures and
Grazing Land, Area under bush, forest & garden, Net area sown.
Built-Up Land
It is an area of human habitation developed due to non-agricultural use and that has a
cover of buildings, transport and communication, utilities in association with water,
vegetation and vacant lands. For delineating built – up land built up polygons interpreted
under settlement.
Built-Up Area (Rural)
These are the lands used for human settlement and are of size comparatively less than
the urban settlements of which more than 80% of the people are involved in the primary
activity of agriculture. All the agricultural villages covering 5 hectares area and more are
included in this category. These are the built-up areas, smaller, mainly associated with
agriculture and allied sectors and non-commercial activities with population size less than
5000, generally lack supporting facilities that are unique to urban areas like hospitals,
industries (large and medium scale), institutional etc. They appear in dark bluish green in the
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core built-up area and bluish in the periphery size varies from small to big; irregular and
discontinuous in appearance; can be seen in clusters con-contiguous or scattered.
Built-up Land (Urban)
All places with a municipality, corporation or cantonment or which are notified as
town areas and all other places, which satisfy the criteria of a minimum population of 5000, at
least 75 percent of whose male working population is non-agricultural and having a density of
population of at least 400 per sq. km. are placed under this category (Census of India). It
comprises areas of intensive use with much of the land covered by intensive use and covered
by structures. It includes residential, recreational, public & semi-public, transportation,
communication and isolated areas such as parks, playgrounds, open spaces and vegetated
areas. Dantewara city area is classified in this class.
Agricultural Land
These are the lands primarily used for farming and for production of food, fibre, and
other commercial and horticultural crops. It includes land under crops (irrigated and
unirrigated, fallow, plantation etc.).
Cropland
These are the areas with standing crop as on the date of satellite overpass. Cropped
areas appear in bright red to red in colour with varying shape and size in a contiguous to non-
contiguous pattern. They are widely distributed in different terrains; prominently appear in the
irrigated areas irrespective of the source of irrigation.
Forest
These are the areas bearing an association predominantly of trees and other vegetation
types (within the notified forest boundaries) capable of producing timber and other forest
produce. They comprise of thick and dense canopy of tall trees, which can be evergreen, semi
evergreen or deciduous (moist/dry/thorn). Evergreen forest includes both coniferous and
tropical broadleaved evergreen species and predominantly remains green throughout the year.
Semi-evergreen is a forest type that includes a combination of evergreen and deciduous
species with the former dominating the canopy cover. Deciduous forest types are of
predominantly composed of species, which shed their leaves once a year, especially during
summer. They exhibit bright red to dark red in colour in varying sizes, smooth to medium
texture depending on the crown density, contiguous to non-contiguous in pattern based on
their location. The size can be irregular and discontinuous occupying medium relief
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mountain/hill slopes within the notified areas. Forest blank are the openings amidst forest
areas, devoid of tree cover, observed as openings of assorted size and shapes as manifested on
the imagery. They appear in light yellow to light brown in tone, generally small in size. They
possess regular to irregular shape, scattered in the forested areas. Most of these areas are seen
along hill tops/slopes midst forest areas. Forest blanks are also to be included in this category.
Dense/Closed
This category includes all the areas where the canopy cover/density is more than 40%.
Open/Degraded
This category includes all the forest areas where the canopy cover/density ranges
between 10 – 40%.
Wastelands
Wasteland is described as degraded land which can be brought under vegetative cover
with reasonable effort and which is currently underutilized and land which is deteriorating for
lack of appropriate water and soil management or an account of natural causes. Wastelands
can result from inherent / imposed disabilities such as by location, environment.
Dense Scrub
These areas possess shallow and skeletal soils, at times chemically degraded, extremes
of slopes, severely eroded and lands subjected to excessive aridity with scrubs dominating the
landscape. They have a tendency for intermixing with cropped areas .
Open Scrub
This category has a similar description as mentioned in the earlier class excepting that
they possess sparse vegetation or devoid of scrub and have a thin soil cover.
Barren/Rocky/Stony Waste
These are rock exposures of varying lithology often barren and devoid of soil and
vegetation cover. They occur amidst hill-forests as openings or as isolated exposures on
plateau and plains. Such lands can be easily discriminated from other categories of wastelands
because of their characteristic spectral response. They appear in greenish blue to yellow to
brownish in colour depending on the rock type. They vary in size with irregular to
discontinuous shape with a linear to contiguous or dispersed pattern. They are located in steep
isolated hillocks/hill slopes, crests, plateau and eroded plains associated with barren and
exposed rocky/stony wastes, lateritic outcrops, mining and quarrying sites.
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34
Water Bodies
This category comprises areas with surface water, either impounded in the form of
ponds, lakes and reservoirs or flowing as streams, rivers, canals etc. These are seen clearly on
the satellite image in blue to dark blue or cyan colour depending on the depth of water.
River /Stream/Canal
Rivers/streams are natural course of water flowing on the land surface along a definite
channel/slope regularly or intermittently towards a sea in most cases or a lake or an inland
basin in desert areas or a marsh or another river. Depending upon the nature of availability of
water, rivers are sub-divided into perennial or seasonal. They appear in light to dark blue in
colour, long, narrow to wide depending on the size of the river. They appear in contiguous, at
times nonlinear pattern and associated with drainage pattern on hill slopes, flood plains or
uplands, at times with vegetation along the banks.
Lakes / Ponds
These are accumulation of water in a depression of various sizes either natural or
saline Lakes / ponds are those that retain water in them either for one season or throughout the
year and usually not subject to extreme fluctuation in water level. Ponds are body of water
limited in size, either natural or artificial, regular in shape, smaller in size than a lake,
generally located near settlements.
Reservoir / Tanks
Reservoir is an artificial lake created by construction of a dam across the river
specifically for irrigation, and water supply for domestic/industrial needs, flood control, etc.,
either singly or in combination. Tanks are small lakes of impounded water ways constructed
on land surface for irrigation. They appear in light blue to dark blue depending on the depth
from small to large sizes. They possess regular to irregular shape dispersed to linear,
occupying lowlands, plains. They are associated with croplands, low lands and reservoirs
surrounded by hills with or without vegetation.
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35
Table 1-0-13 Land Use Pattern in District Durg
Block Name For
est
Area
under
Non-
Agricultur
al Uses
Barren
& Un-
cultivabl
e Land
Permanen
t Pastures
and
Other
Grazing
Land
Current
Fallows
Unirrig
ated
Land
Area
Land
other than
Current
Fallows
Net
Area
Sown
Land
Under
Miscell
aneous
Tree
Crops
Culturab
le Waste
Land
DURG 0 21722 2071 4173 2097 6998 0 34485 0 0
PATAN 0 8219 2265 6973 1111 8605 0 53839 0 0
DHAMDHA 0 10091 4016 7921 3013 19971 0 58525 0 0
Grand Total 0 40032 8352 19067 6221 35574 0 146849 0 0
Source: SREP 2014-15 Durg District
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36
Figure 1-5 Land Use Map of Durg Distrit
Source: NRSC (District GYAN data and ISRO BhuvanPortel
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37
1.14 Drainage
In geomorphology, a drainage system is the pattern formed by the streams, rivers,
and lakes in a particular drainage basin. They are governed by the topography of the land,
whether a particular region is dominated by hard or soft rocks, and the gradient of the land.
Geomorphologists and hydrologists often view streams as being part of drainage basins. A
drainage basin is the topographic region from which a stream receives runoff, through flow, and
groundwater flow. Drainage basins are divided from each other by topographic barriers called
a watershed. A watershed represents all of the stream tributaries that flow to some location along
the stream channel. The number, size, and shape of the drainage basins found in an area varies
and the larger the topographic map.
The drainage length statistics based on Strahler method of drainage ordering as shown in
figure below:
Table 1-0-14 Block Wise & Stream Order Wise Drainage
Block 1 Order 2 Order 3 Order 4 Order 5 Order 6 Order 7 Order 8 Order Grand Total
Durg 431.68 229.83 144.6 67.16 4.88 17.66 0 24.48 920.29
Dhamda 279.87 124.23 91.86 29.06 20.36 22.13 28.33 21.76 617.61
Patan 855.02 301.74 152.16 109.36 61.87 48.43 26.1 0 1554.67
Source: SOI TopoSheets
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38
Figure 1-0-6 Drainage Map of Durg District
Source: NRSC (District GYAN data and ISRO Bhuvan Portal
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39
Figure 1-0-7 Watershed Map of Durg District
Source: NRSC (District GYAN data and ISRO Bhuvan Portal
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40
Figure 1-0-8 Surface Waterbody of Durg District
Source: NRSC (District GYAN data and ISRO Bhuvan Portal
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41
Figure 1-0-9 Lithology Map of Durg District
Source: NRSC (District GYAN data and ISRO Bhuvan Portal
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42
Table 1-0-15 Information Occurrence of Drought
S.N
o.
Name
of the
block
Occurren
ce of
drought /
flood /
cyclone
Year in which affected area (Last
10 years) in ha.
and Severity M / S / VS
% Cropped area affected % of farm Families affected
2008 2015 2008 2015 2008 2015
M S Vs M S V
s M S
V
s M S
V
s M S
V
s M S
V
s
1 Durg
drought 320
6
201
7
151
7
114
8 125 - 9 6 4 3.41
0.3
7 -
1
2 8 6 6.46
0.9
3 -
Flood - 10 - - - - - 0.0
3 - - - - -
0.0
1 - - - -
2 Patan
drought 525
5
689
0
539
9
574
5 - - 8 13
1
0
10.6
8 - -
1
2 16
1
4 6.89 - -
Flood - 25 - - - - - 0.0
5 - - - - -
0.0
6 - - - -
3 Dhamd
ha
drought 176
7
968
6
964
3
396
8
376
3 - 4 20
2
0 7.38 7 - 6 24
2
3
21.5
7 - -
Flood - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Source: Revenue Department Durg 2015.
M= Mild; S= Severe, VS=Very Severe (As per GOI / Sates parameter)
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43
2 Chapter - 2 District Water Profile
Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the
growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in
dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. There is a great necessity of irrigation in
Indian agriculture. India has a great diversity and variety of climate and weather conditions.
These conditions range from extreme of heat to extreme of cold and from extreme dryness to
excessive rainfall. Irrigation is the need of Indian agriculture.
Uncertainty of Monsoon rainfall both in time and in place.
Irregularity in distribution of rainfall throughout the year.
Excessive rainfall causing flood.
Draught is an annual event in some areas.
India is a land of Rabi Crops. However, there is not rainfall in winter months.
Some soils need more water.
Introduction of H.Y.V seeds and multiple cropping need water throughout the
year.
The types of Irrigation mainly practiced in India are:
Tanks
(a) Sichhni (b) Donga
Well
(a) Dug well (b) Tube Well (i) Shallow (ii) Deep
Canal
(a) Perennial (b) Non-Perennial
2.1 Crop Water Requirement
Crop water requirement is the water required by the plants for its survival, growth,
development and to produce economic parts. This requirement is applied either naturally by
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44
precipitation or artificially by irrigation. Hence, the crop water requirement includes all losses
like: a) Transpiration loss through leaves (T) b) Evaporation loss through soil surface in cropped
area (E) c) Amount of weather used by plants (WP) for its metabolic activities whichis estimated
as less than 1% of the total water absorption. These three components cannot be separated so
easily. Hence the ET loss is taken as crop water use or crop water consumptive use. d) Other
application losses are conveyance loss, percolation loss, runoff loss, etc., (WL). e) The water
required for special purposes (WSP) like puddling operation, ploughing operation, land
preparation, leaching, requirement, for the purpose of weeding, for dissolving fertilizer and
chemical, etc. Hence the water requirement is symbolically represented as:
WR = T + E + WP + WL + WSP
(The other application losses and special purposes are mostly indented for wet land
cultivation. Hence for irrigated dry land crop the ET loss alone is accounted for crop water
requirement). The estimations of the water requirement of crop are one of the basic needs for
crop planning on the farm and for the planning of any irrigation project.
Table 2-1 Durg District Crop Irrigation Status
Crops
Area
sown
(ha)
Irrigated
area (ha)
Crop
water
demand
(mm)
Crop
water
demand
- 2011
(BCM)
Ultimate
water
potential
required
Existing
water
potential
Existing
water
potential
after
Domestic+
Livestock+
Industry
demand
Ultimate
water
potential
to be
created
Current
+ Target
@ 5% of
NCA
Water
potential
to be
created
Cereals 138400 111938 1000 1.11938 3.114 0.22415 0.191165 2.922835 2.97145 2.780285
Coarse cereals 1947 1707 450 0.007682 0.019713 0.009131 0.007787 0.011926 0.020299 0.012512
Pulses 32059 11121 500 0.055605 0.360664 0.005178 0.004416 0.356247 0.159049 0.154633
Oilseeds 8260 671 500 0.003355 0.092925 0.057285 0.048856 0.044069 0.01355 -0.03531
Cotton 497 423 1000 0.00423 0.011183 0.02523 0.021517 -0.01033 0.011196 -0.01032
Horticulture 11051 9794 900 0.088146 0.223783 0.02523 0.021517 0.202265 0.232797 0.21128
Vegetables 0 0 550 0 0 0.02523 0.021517 -0.02152 0 -0.02152
Any other 0 0 600 0 0 0.02523 0.021517 -0.02152 0 -0.02152
Total 192214 135654 5500 1.278398 3.822267 0.441566 0.324597 3.49767 3.408342 3.083745
Source: DAP, Agriculture Statistics
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45
Graph 2-1 Durg District Crop Irrigation Status
2.2 Production and Productivity of Major Crops:
Table 2-2 Production and Productivity of the Blocks in Durg District
Sr.
No Blo
ck
Season
Crop sown Irrigated Rainfed Total
Cereals Coarse
Cereals Pulses
Oil
Seeds
Area
(ha)
Production
(qtn/yr)
Productivity
or Yield
(kgs/ha)
Cost of
Cultivati
on
(Rs./ha)
Producti
on
(qtn/yr
Productivati
on (Rs./ha)
Producti
on
(qtn/yr)
Productivity
(Kgs/ha)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1
Du
rg
A. Kharif
Paddy - - - 9682 446049 46.07 26728 923137 44.45 1369186
- - Arhar - - - - - - - 2537 8.6
- - - Soybean - - - - - - 301 3.86
B. Rabi
Wheat - - - 921 15251 16.56 - 3837 11.27 19088 11.34
Gram - 1397 15981 11.44 21980 - - 1203 4.33
Mustard 281 1910 6.8
- - - -
Summer - - - - - - - - - - - -
Horticultural
& Plantation - - - - 2512 - - - - - - -
Total - - - - - -
926974
2
Pa
tan
A. Kharif
Paddy - - - 20789 1082483 52.07 25940 1438954 46.23 - -
Arhar - - - - - - - 2881 5.94
Soybean - - - - - - 594 3.26
B. Rabi Wheat
739 12363 16.73
2998 14.7 - -
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Cereals Coarsecereals
Pulses Oilseeds Cotton Horticulture Vegetables Any other
Ultimate water potential required Existing water potential Water potential to be created
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46
Sr.
No Blo
ck
Season
Crop sown Irrigated Rainfed Total
Cereals Coarse
Cereals Pulses
Oil
Seeds
Area
(ha)
Production
(qtn/yr)
Productivity
or Yield
(kgs/ha)
Cost of
Cultivati
on
(Rs./ha)
Producti
on
(qtn/yr
Productivati
on (Rs./ha)
Producti
on
(qtn/yr)
Productivity
(Kgs/ha)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Gram
1417 14850 10.48 22443 - - 6222 9.83
Mustard - - 6.74
- - 8329 8.15
Summer
- - - -
- - - -
Horticultural
& Plantation 2036 - -
- - - -
Total
1441952 - - -
3
Dh
am
dh
a
A. Kharif
Paddy - - - 24657 1206713 48.94 26310 822307 45.88 - -
Arhar - - - - - - - 12085 9.41
Soybean - - - - - - 34636 6.14
B. Rabi
Wheat
- - 4085 100000 24.48 - 881 22.03 - -
Gram - 11881 184155 15.5 22100 - - 38.71 8.9
Mustard 267 1596 5.98 - - - 214 3.75
Summer
- - - - - - - - - - -
Horticultural
& Plantation - - - 7346 - - - - - - -
Total
- - - - - - - 823188 - - -
Source: DAP, Agriculture Statistics
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47
Table 2-3 Irrigated and Un irrigated Area (Ha.)
S.No. Name Of Block
Irrigated (Area in ha) Rainfed (Area in ha)
Gross Irrigated
Area
Net Irrigated
Area
Partially Irrigated/
Protective
Irrigation
Un-Irrigated or
Totally Rainfed
1 DURG 32513 26570 350 6648
2 PATAN 51956 45170 430 8175
3 DHAMDHA 51185 33748 1000 18971
TOTAL 135654 105488 1780 33794
Source: DAP, Agriculture Statistics
Graph 2-2 Irrigated and Unirrigated Area
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Gross Irrigated Area Net Irrigated Area Partially Irrigated/Protective Irrigation
Un-Irrigated or TotallyRainfed
DURG PATAN DHAMDHA
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48
Table 2-4 Crop Wise and Block Wise Irrigated and Rain-fed Area in Durg Disttrict (in ha)
S.
Block
Cereals Pulses Oil Seeds Fibre Hort &
Plantation Total
No. IR RF IR RF IR RF IR RF IR RF IR RF
1 DURG 12463 21155 1467 5336 285 407 72 - 2512 - 16799 26898
2 PATAN 28111 31408 1417 9342 705 996 24 - 2036 - 32293 41866
3 DHAMDHA 29502 18098 12436 3655 267 5929 741 - 7346 1534 50292 29216
TOTAL 70076 70661 15320 18333 1257 7332 837 - 11894 1534 99384 97980
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49
3 Chapter - 3 Water Availability
3.1 Surface Water Scenario
Surface water is water on the surface of the planet such as in a stream, river, lake,
wetland, or pond/tank. It can be contrasted with groundwater and atmospheric water. Non-saline
surface water is replenished by precipitation and by recruitment from ground-water. It is lost
through evaporation, seepage into the ground where it becomes ground-water, used by plants for
transpiration, extracted by mankind for agriculture, living, industry etc. or discharged to the sea
where it becomes saline.
To derive Surface Water volume basically, we measure volumes and surface areas of a
set of farm ponds and tanks, and then develop relationships between surface areas and volumes.
After that using these relationships, calculated volumes of the whole study region surface
waterbodies based on our remote-sensing surface area.
3.2 Status of Surface Water Availability
Surface water is water that is found in lakes, rivers, streams, ponds, and other natural
watercourses. This valuable resource provides drinking water, water supply, and supports
important industries such as fishing, farming and electric power generation. Surface water
supports various recreational activities such as swimming and boating, and provides habitat for
aquatic life. Overall, a clean, abundant supply of surface water supports the health of humans and
aquatic ecosystems, a strong economy, and provides a high quality of life for any region.
Table 3-1 Block Wise Water Potential
Blocks Existing water availability (BCM)
Surface water Ground water
DURG 0.0418 0.01326
PATAN 0.1106 0.01003
DHAMDHA 0.2522 0.01360
Total 0.4047 0.0369
Source :District Irrigation and Agriculture office Records
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50
Graph 3-1 Status of Surface Water Availability
3.3 Status of Ground Water Availability
Estimation of Ground Water Resources has been carried out based on the methodology
recommended by the Groundwater Estimation Committee (GEC‘97). A ground water resource of
the entire state has been computed by CGWB (CGWB, NCCR, 2011) for the year 2008-2009.
Salient features of the estimation of ground water resources are described below. The present
computations pertain to the ground water year 2008-09. The resources have been computed
block wise. Areas having slope more than 20 % were excluded from recharge computations.
Ground water recharge and draft were computed separately for command and non-command
areas. The present Ground Water Development in the district has been calculated for command
area and non-command area separately for each block. All the blocks in the study area have been
categorized as safe from ground water abstraction point of view.
The general slope of the district comes under Mahanadi river slope and is towards the
north and north east and locally in some places towards east. The main rivers of Mahanadi are
Sheonath, Kharun, Tandula, Kharkhara and Aamner. Sheonath is the main river of the district
which originates from Panabaras Hill (625 M) and flows towards north-east. This river is the
main tributary of Mahanadi River. The total length of the Sheonath river is 345 km. The length
of Sheonath river in Durg district is 120 km. The main tributary of Sheonath river is Tandula
river. This river originates from hills situated in the north of Bhanupratappur (District- Kanker).
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35P
erc
en
t Surface Water Availability (%)
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51
3.4 Water Level Scenario
As a part of National Hydrograph Network Observation Stations (NHS), 39 no of dug
wells and 25 no of piezometers are established to monitor water levels four times in a year i.e. in
January, May (Pre-monsoon0, August and in November (post-monsoon). The dug well depths
are varying form 6.2 to 20.81 mbgl. These monitoring wells are distributed throughout the
district covering all the lithological formations.
3.5 Ground Water Resources
The total ground w`ater recharge from all the sources is 91611.99 ham. The net available
resource is 87031.37 ham. Existing gross ground water draft for all purposes is 59886.4 ham out
of which 55402.34 ham is for irrigation and 4484.12 ham is for domestic and industrial water
supply. The stage of the ground water development in the district is 68.81 %. The block Durg
(83.74 %) and Dhamdha (78.98 %) blocks categorized as semi critical block.
3.6 Ground Water Quality
The quality of groundwater in the district is suitable for drinking as well as irrigation
purposes.
3.7 Ground Water Management Strategy
The Durg Block (83.74 %) and Dhamdha (78.98 %) blocks. However, the areas where
the depth to the water levels during the post monsoon period are more than 3 m and having a
decline trend of water level require immediate attention to regain the water levels or to maintain
the water levels irrespective of development activities in the area in future. To achieve this target
artificial recharge to the ground water is one of the solutions, which may be taken up in these
areas. These areas are mostly in Durg, and Dhamdha blocks and are suitable for artificial
recharge (Plate-VI). The rainwater can be harvested by percolation tank and the ground water
can be recharged by recharge shaft method. The shale-covered areas can be recharged by
injection well method. From ground water contour map it can be observed that the flow of
ground water is towards the major drainage indicating that the water in the river is nothing but
the base flow. So suitable obstruction structures may be constructed on the tributaries of major
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52
rivers like Tandula, Kharun andSeonath to check the base flow which can enhance the pre
monsoon depth to water level in the district Recommendations:-
It has been observed that the crop water applied for paddy in the district (1.12m) is at the
much higher side than the crop water requirement (0.69m) thereby wasting a lot of water as
paddy is the main crop in the district. Efficient irrigation practices and proper awareness can
create more irrigation potential and bring more area under irrigation.
Technical input for well construction in alluvium covered hard rock area and for highly
cavernous zone can help obtaining good yield and successful construction of wells in this area in
the district. Combination type of rigs can successfully drill wells in these areas.
Large diameter dug wells are recommended as the ground water abstraction structures in
the areas underlain by granites and older metamorphic. Similarly dug wells with bore at the
bottom are recommended in the low yielding shale area.
Improper waste disposal in the areas underlain by limestone and dolomite in and around
Durg, Dhamdha may cause ground water pollution as the solution channels formed in these rocks
act as conduits for direct recharge of surface water to ground water and hence require attention.
The flow of ground water is observed to be towards the major drainage indicating that the
water in the river is nothing but the base flow. So suitable obstruction structures may be
constructed on the tributaries of major rivers like Hasdeo, Borai, Son to check the base flow
which can enhance the pre monsoon depth to water level in the district.
In parts of the Patan blocks, rainwater harvesting and artificial recharge measures are to
be taken to regain the water levels or to maintain the water levels irrespective of development
activities in the area in future. Conjunctive use study should be taken up to avoid water logging
condition in the areas underlain by shale and crystalline under canal command.
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53
Table 3-2 Block Wise Salient Features of Ground Water
Block
Natural
Discharge
During
non
Mansoon
Period in
Ham
Net
Ground
Water
Availabilit
y
Existing
Gross
Ground
Water
Draft for
Irrigation
Existing
Gross
Ground
Water
Draft for
Domestic
&
Industrial
Water
Supply in
Ham
Existing
Gross
Ground
Water
Draft for
All Uses in
Ham
Allocati
on For
Domesti
c &
Industri
al Water
Supply
in Ham
Net Ground
Water
Availability
for Future
Irrigation
Developmen
t in Ham
Stage of
Ground
Water
Development
in %
Dhamdha 10682.91 10148.76 7145.0132 624.44 7769.4532 655.72 2348.0268 76.56
Durg 6630.87 6299.33 4700.9475 453.25 5154.1975 586.25 1012.1325 81.82
Patan 8972.45 8523.82 5984.6608 430.32 6414.9808 478.1 2061.0592 75.26
Source: CGWB
Graph 3-2 Block wise salient features of Ground Water
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Natural Discharge Ground WaterAvailability
Ground WaterDraft for Irrigation
Draft for Domestic& Industrial
Draft for All Uses inHam
Dhamdha Durg Patan
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54
Table 3-3 Block Wise Command &Non Command Area in Durg
Name of
the Block
Information of Canal Command Information on the other Services
Command Total Area
Total
Area
Developed
Area
Undeveloped
Area
Total
Area
Developed
Area
Undeveloped
Area
Developed
Command
Durg 1522.88 961.59 348.10 256.45 256.45 0.00 1218.04
Patan 3459.02 450.00 571.56 1021.56 1584.63 571.56 1584.63
Dhamdha 7376.90 2138.54 2585.91 1278.01 1841.08 571.56 3529.62
Source- Irrigation Department Durg District
Table 3-4 Block Wise Status of Command area in Durg
S.N
o Name of the Village
Information of Canal Command Information on the other Services
Command Total Area
Total
Area
Develope
d Area
Undevelope
d Area
Total
Area
Develope
d Area
Undevelope
d Area
Developed
Command
UnDevelope
d Command
Tandula Water Resources Sub Division Block.-Durg Distt. Durg
1 Bhendarwani Tank
1. Bhendarwani 84.17 84.17 0 0 0 0 84.17 0
2. Damoda 54.68 0 54.68 0 0 0 0 54.68
3. Khursidih 101.97 101.97 0 0 0 0 101.97 0
4. Borai 67.18 0 67.18 0 0 0 0 67.18
Total 308.00 186.14 121.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 186.14 121.86
2. Borai Diversion
1. Borai 135.00 38.06 96.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 38.06 96.94
135.00 38.06 96.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 38.06 96.94
3. Dhanora Tank
1. Khamhariya 147.07 147.07 0 0 0 0 147.07 0
2. Dhanora 8.47 8.47 0 0 0 0 8.47 0
Total 155.54 155.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 155.54 0.00
4. Tirga Tank
1. Tirga 70.00 55.85 14.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 55.85 14.15
70.00 55.85 14.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 55.85 14.15
5. Vinayakpur Tank
1. Vinayakpur 86.20 86.20 14.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.20 14.15
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55
S.N
o Name of the Village
Information of Canal Command Information on the other Services
Command Total Area
Total
Area
Develope
d Area
Undevelope
d Area
Total
Area
Develope
d Area
Undevelope
d Area
Developed
Command
UnDevelope
d Command
Total 86.20 86.20 14.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.20 14.15
6. Bharda Tank
1. Khursidih 101.00 0.00 101.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 101.00
Total 101.00 0.00 101.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 101.00
7. Bhendsar Nala Tank
1. Bhendsar 105.43 105.43 0.00 219.57 219.57 0.00 325.00 0.00
Total 105.43 105.43 0.00 219.57 219.57 0.00 325.00 0.00
8. Bhendsar Tank
1. Bhendsar 20.12 20.12 0.00 36.88 36.88 0.00 57.00 0.00
Total 20.12 20.12 0.00 36.88 36.88 0.00 57.00 0.00
9. Anda Tank
1. Anda 62.25 62.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 62.25 0.00
Total 62.25 62.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 62.25 0.00
10. Rishama L.P.Tank
1. Rishama 49.72 49.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 49.72 0.00
2. Matwari 4.98 4.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.98 0.00
3. Chhirpoti 7.66 7.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.66 0.00
Total 62.36 62.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 62.36 0.00
11. Rishama L.P.Tank
1. Khapree 59.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2. Kopedih 8.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3. Anjora (Raj) 66.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4.Anjora Durg 93.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 227.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
12. Birejhar Diversion
1. Birejhar 129.45 129.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 129.45 0.00
Total 129.45 129.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 129.45 0.00
13. Khapree Tank
1. Khapree 60.19 60.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.19 0.00
Total 60.19 60.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.19 0.00
Gr. Total 1522.8 961.59 348.10 256.45 256.45 0.00 1218.04 348.10
DRAFT
56
S.N
o Name of the Village
Information of Canal Command Information on the other Services
Command Total Area
Total
Area
Develope
d Area
Undevelope
d Area
Total
Area
Develope
d Area
Undevelope
d Area
Developed
Command
UnDevelope
d Command
8
Tandula Water Resources Sub Division No. 3 Block.-PATAN Distt. Durg
14. Gujra Diversion
1. Pendar 522.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 144.13 0.00 144.13 0.00
2. Akhara 206.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 75.22 0.00 75.22 0.00
3. Atari 224.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.21 0.00 66.21 0.00
Total 954.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 285.56 0.00 285.56 0.00
15. Jheet Tank
1. Jheet 304.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 78.21 0.00 78.21 0.00
Total 304.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 78.21 0.00 78.21 0.00
16. Khurmudi
Tank
1. Khurmudi 787.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 448.28 0.00 448.28 0.00
Total 787.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 448.28 0.00 448.28 0.00
17. Changori
Diversion
1. Changori 390.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 322.58 0.00 322.58 0.00
Total 390.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 322.58 0.00 322.58 0.00
18 Balodi Tank 246.45 200.00 46.45 246.45 200.00 46.45 200.00 46.45
19 Kashahi Tank 183.12 150.00 33.11 183.11 150.00 33.11 150.00 33.11
20 Matiya Diversion 145.00 100.00 45.00 145.00 100.00 45.00 100.00 45.00
21 Mokhali Diversion 447.00 0.00 447.00 447.00 0.00 447.00 0.00 447.00
Grand Total
3459.0
2 450.00 571.56
1021.5
6 1584.63 571.56 1584.63 571.56
Tandula Water Resources Sub Division No. 4, Durg , Dist.-Durg, Block -Dhamdha
22. Surdung
Tank
1. Surdung 69.00 69.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 69.00 0.00
Total 69.00 69.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 69.00 0.00
23. Mohandi Tank
1. Mohandi 0.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00
2. Ringani 0.00 58.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 58.00 0.00
3. Nandoli 0.00 104.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 104.00 0.00
DRAFT
57
S.N
o Name of the Village
Information of Canal Command Information on the other Services
Command Total Area
Total
Area
Develope
d Area
Undevelope
d Area
Total
Area
Develope
d Area
Undevelope
d Area
Developed
Command
UnDevelope
d Command
Total 185.00 172.00 13.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 172.00 13.00
24. Ringani Nala
Diversion
1. Datir 14.00 14.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.00 0.00
2. Nandori 53.00 53.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 53.00 0.00
Total 67.00 67.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 67.00 0.00
25. Medesara Diversion
1. Medesara 98.00 98.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 98.00 0
Total 98.00 98.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 98.00 0.00
26. Janjgiri Diversion
1. Janjgiri 96.00 96.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 96.00 0.00
Total 98.00 96.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 96.00 0.00
27. Gota Tank
1. Gota 121.00 0.00 121.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 121.00
Total 121.00 0.00 121.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 121.00
28. Panchdewari Tank
1. Panchdewari 0.00 98.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - -
2. Sankara 0.00 28.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 126.00 -
Total 0.00 126.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 126.00 0.00
29. Kapsada
Tank
1. Kapsada - 55.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 55.00 -
Total 0.00 55.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 55.00 -
Sub-Division Dhamdha
30. Akoli Tank
1. Barahpur 485.00 119.72 365.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 119.72 365.28
31. Dodlhi tank 0.00 0.00 0.00
1. Dhodki, Chicha 91.00 0.00 91.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.00
32. Nandway
tank 0.00 0.00 0.00
1. Nandway 121.00 72.60 48.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 72.60 48.60
33. Nandeli
tank 0.00 0.00 0.00
DRAFT
58
S.N
o Name of the Village
Information of Canal Command Information on the other Services
Command Total Area
Total
Area
Develope
d Area
Undevelope
d Area
Total
Area
Develope
d Area
Undevelope
d Area
Developed
Command
UnDevelope
d Command
1. nandeli, Bharni 64.00 0.00 64.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 64.00
34. Tengna
Diversion 0.00 0.00 0.00
1. Navagaon,
Rahtalah 82.00 32.63 49.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.63 49.37
35. Gorpa tank
0.00 0.00 0.00
1. Gorpa 121.00 0.00 121.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 121.00
36. konka tank 0.00 0.00 0.00
1. Konka 81.00 0.00 81.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 81.00
37. Paraskol
Tank 0.00 0.00 0.00
1. Konka 101.00 0.00 101.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 101.00
38. Kokdi Tank 0.00 0.00 0.00
1. Kokdi 178.00 0.00 178.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 178.00
39. Thelka
Diversion 0.00 0.00 0.00
1. Thelka 101.00 0.00 101.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 101.00
40. Ghotha
Diversion 0.00 0.00 0.00
1. Ghota, Kherjhiti 186.00 0.00 186.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 186.00
41. Rota tank 0.00 0.00 0.00
1. Rota, Birejhar,
khaira 146.00 0.00 146.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 146.00
Total 2395.00 726.95 1666.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 726.95 1666.25
Grand Total 7376.90 2138.54 2585.91 1278.01 1841.08 571.56 3529.62 2585.91
DRAFT
59
Table 3-5 Summary of Category Assessment units Chhattisgarh (As on March' 2013)
S.No District No. Block
Stage of Ground
water
development %
Categorisation
1 Balod
1 Balod 75.73 Semi-Critical
2 Gurur 103.26 Over
Exploited
2 Bemetara 1 Bemetara 75.45 Semi-Critical
2 Saja 80.58 Semi-Critical
3 Bilaspur 1 Belha 76.62 Semi-Critical
2 Takhatpur 78.40 Semi-Critical
4 Dhamtari
1 Dhamtari 90.08 Critical
2 Kurud 78.34 Semi-Critical
3 Nagari 84.65 Semi-Critical
5 Durg
1 Dhamdha 77.81 Semi-Critical
2 Durg 90.60 Semi-Critical
3 Patan 77.73 Semi-Critical
6 Gariyaband 1 Rajim 74.39 Semi-Critical
7 JanjgirChampa 1 Malkhroda 81.64 Semi-Critical
8 Kawardha 1 Kawardha 75.21 Semi-Critical
2 Pandariya 75.61 Semi-Critical
9 Raigarh 1 Baramkela 98.73 Critical
2 Pussore 76.15 Semi-Critical
10 Raipur 1 Dharsiwa 73.06 Semi-Critical
11 Rajnandgaon 1 Dongargaon 86.90 Semi-Critical
2 Rajnandgaon 82.96 Semi-Critical
Total Assessment Unit 146
1 Block Over Exploited
2 Blocks Critical
18 Blocks Semi - Critical
Source: CGWB Reports
DRAFT
60
Table 3-6 Irrigated Area with Different Sources, District-Durg (Unit Ha)
District Canal Tank Well Tubewell Nallah,
River
and
Others
Total
Irrigated
Area
Durg Number
Irrigated Number
Irrigated Number
Irrigated Number
Irrigated
Area Area Area Area
148 55087 56 709 1084 788 30426 44320 4683 105587
Source: CADA, CGWB
Graph 3-5 Irrigated area with different sources
From The above Graph and Table it is clear that in Durg District Canal and Tubewells are the
main source of Irrigation.
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Canal Tank Well Tubewell Nallah, River andOthers
DRAFT
61
4 Chapter- 4 -Water Requirement/ Demand
4.1 Domestic Water Demand
According to Froukh the term ‗domestic water demand‘ is the amount of water
required for domestic uses. Water demand forecasting is essential to water utilities, both for
day-to-day operations and for long-term planning. A number of factors like climate, culture,
food habits, work and working conditions, level and type of development, and physiology
determine the requirement of water. As per the Bureau of Indian Standards, a minimum water
supply of 200 litres per capita per day (lpcd) should be provided for domestic consumption in
cities with full flushing systems. It also mentions that the amount of water supply may be
reduced to 135 lpcd for the LIG and the economically weaker sections (EWS) of the society
and in small towns. All the calculation in this DIP is done by assuming the water demand
135lpcd.
Table 4-1 Domestic Water Requirement/Demand
District Block Name
Population 2011 Population 2025 GWD 2011
(BCM)
GWD 2025
(BCM)
Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total
Rural:
60lpd;Urban
: 80lpd
Rural:
100lpd;Urban
: 135lpd
DURG
DURG 200696 926035 1126731 242842 1120502 1363345 0.03144 0.06410
PATAN 212061 113166 325227 256594 136931 393525 0.00795 0.01612
DHAMDHA 204491 65499 269990 247434 79254 326688 0.00639 0.01294
Total 617248 1104700 1721948 746870 1336687 2083557 0.04577 0.09316
Source: Based on Calculation
DRAFT
62
Graph 4-1 Domestic Water Requirement/Demand
From The above Graph It is clear that there will be huge water demand in Durg
Average Domestic Water consumption Calculated
Sr. No. Use Consumption in Liter per
persion per day
1 Drinking 5
2 Cooking 5
3 Bathing (including ablution) 55
4 Washing Cloths 20
5 Washing of Utentials 10
6 Cleaning of Houses 10
7 Flushing of Latrines 30
Total 135
Source: Central Public Health and Environmental engineering organisation
(CPHEEO India Water Portal)
Source: Based on Calculation
0.000
0.010
0.020
0.030
0.040
0.050
0.060
0.070
DURG PATAN DHAMDHA
Gro
ss W
ate
r D
em
and
(B
CM
) Domestic water demand - Durg
2011 2025
DRAFT
63
Graph 4-2 Consumption of Water per Person
Total Population for District Durg in 2011 was 1721948, growth rate for district is
12.16 % per decade, projected population in 2025 is 2083557.
Average Per capita Domestic water requirement is 135 liters per day, Based on this
information Gross water Demand for Whole District in current year is .04577 BCM per
annum. The projected gross water demand in 2025 will be 0.09316 BCM for per annum. Thus
water gap is 0.04738 BCM for district Durg per anum.
4.2 Crop Water Demand:
It is essential to know the water requirement of a crop which isthe total quantity of
water required from its sowing time up to harvest. Naturally different crops may have
different water requirements at different places of the same country, depending upon the
climate, type of soil, method of cultivation, effective rain etc. The total water required for
crop growth isnot uniformly distributed over its entire life span which is also called crop
period.Actually, the watering stops same time before harvest and the time duration from the
first irrigation during sowing up to the last before harvest is called base period. Though crop
period is slightly more than the base period, they do not differ from practical purposes.
The total depth of water required to raise a crop over a unit area of land is usually
called delta. Some typical values of delta for common crops in some regions of India are as
follows:
Rice
•1000mm to 1500mm for heavy soils or high water table
•1500mm to 2000mm for medium soils
•2000 to 2500 for light soils or deep water table
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Drinking Cooking Bathing(includingabloution)
WashingCloths
Washing ofUtentials
Cleaning ofHouses
Flushing ofLaterines
Wat
er
Re
qu
ire
me
nt
Uses
Consumption in Liter per persion per day
DRAFT
64
•1600mm for upland conditions
Wheat
•250mm to 400mm in northern India
•500mm to 600mm in Central India
Barley: 450mm
Maize
•100mm during rainy season
•500mm during winter season
•900mm during summer season
•Cotton: 400 – 500mm
Sugarcane
•1400mm to 1500mm in Bihar
•1600mm to 1700mm in Andhra Pradesh
•1700mm to 1800mm in Punjab
•2200mm to 2400mm in Madhya Pradesh
•2800mm to 3000mm in Maharashtra
This information is based on Handbook of Agriculture(fifth edition, 2000) published
by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
Crop water requirement is calculated based on water depth required for each crop and
area sown given in table 4.2.
DRAFT
65
Block Wise Crop Water Requirement of The District Durg
Table 4-2 Crop Water Requirement For Block Durg
Crops
Area
sown
(ha)
Irriga
ted
area
(ha)
Crop
water
demand
(mm)
Crop
water
demand -
2011
(BCM)
Ultimate
water
potential
required
Existing
water
potential
Existing
water
potential
after
Domestic+
Livestock+
Industry
demand
Ultimate water
potential to be
created
Current +
Target @
5% of NCA
Water
potential to be
created
Cereals 34591 28186 1000 0.28186 0.7782975 0.28006947 0.238856342 0.539441158 0.74788875 0.509032408
Coarse
cereals 352 325 450 0.0014625 0.003564 0.011408906 0.009730048 -0.006166048 0.00385425 -0.005875798
Pulses 6767 1452 500 0.00726 0.07612875 0.006470381 0.005518244 0.070610506 0.022379375 0.016861131
Oilseeds 752 186 500 0.00093 0.00846 0.071576594 0.061043867 -0.052583867 0.002795 -0.058248867
Cotton 49 45 1000 0.00045 0.0011025 0.031524247 0.026885352 -0.025782852 0.00118625 -0.025699102
Horticulture 2445 2319 900 0.020871 0.04951125 0.031524247 0.026885352 0.022625898 0.054928125 0.028042773
Vegetables 0 0 550 0 0 0.091271246 0.077840387 -0.077840387 0 -0.077840387
Any other 0 0 600 0 0 0.091271246 0.077840387 -0.077840387 0 -0.077840387
Total 44956 32513 5500 0.3128335 0.917064 0.055068 0.019617727 0.936681727 0.83303175 0.852649477
Source : Based on computation
Graph 4-3 Crop Requirement For Durg Block
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Ultimate water potential required Existing water potential Water potential to be created
DRAFT
66
Table 4-3 Crop Water Requirement for Block Patan
Crops
Area
sown
(ha)
Irrigated
area (ha)
Crop
water
demand
(mm)
Crop
water
demand
- 2011
(BCM)
Ultimate
water
potential
required
Existing
water
potential
Existing
water
potential
after
Domestic+
Livestock+
Industry
demand
Ultimate
water
potential to
be created
Current +
Target @
5% of NCA
Water
potential to
be created
Cereals 55988 47567 1000 0.47567 1.25973 0.28006947 0.238856342 1.020873658 1.25916 1.020303658
Coarse cereals 1361 1282 450 0.005769 0.013780125 0.011408906 0.009730048 0.004050077 0.015188063 0.005458014
Pulses 11226 759 500 0.003795 0.1262925 0.006470381 0.005518244 0.120774256 0.01650375 0.010985506
Oilseeds 1507 336 500 0.00168 0.01695375 0.071576594 0.061043867 -0.044090117 0.005141875 -0.055901992
Cotton 24 24 1000 0.00024 0.00054 0.031524247 0.026885352 -0.026345352 0.00063 -0.026255352
Horticulture 2009 1988 900 0.017892 0.04068225 0.031524247 0.026885352 0.013796898 0.046990125 0.020104773
Vegetables 0 0 550 0 0 0.091271246 0.077840387 -0.077840387 0 -0.077840387
Any other 0 0 600 0 0 0.091271246 0.077840387 -0.077840387 0 -0.077840387
Total 72115 51956 5500 0.505046 1.457978625 0.12067 -0.019617727 1.477596352 1.343613813 1.363231539
Source : Based on computation
Graph 4-4 Crop Requirement For Patan Block
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Ultimate water potential required Existing water potential Water potential to be created
DRAFT
67
Table 4-4 Crop Water Requirement for Block Dhamdha
Crops
Area
sown
(ha)
Irrigated
area (ha)
Crop
water
demand
(mm)
Crop
water
demand
- 2011
(BCM)
Ultimate
water
potential
required
Existing
water
potential
Existing
water
potential
after
Domestic+
Livestock+
Industry
demand
Ultimate
water
potential
to be
created
Current
+ Target
@ 5%
of NCA
Water
potential
to be
created
Cereals 47821 36185 1000 0.36185 1.075973 0.280069 0.238856 0.837116 0.964401 0.725545
Coarse cereals 234 100 450 0.00045 0.002369 0.011409 0.00973 -0.00736 0.001257 -0.00847
Pulses 14066 8910 500 0.04455 0.158243 0.00647 0.005518 0.152724 0.120166 0.114648
Oilseeds 6001 149 500 0.000745 0.067511 0.071577 0.061044 0.006467 0.005613 -0.05543
Cotton 424 354 1000 0.00354 0.00954 0.031524 0.026885 -0.01735 0.00938 -0.01751
Horticulture 6597 5487 900 0.049383 0.133589 0.031524 0.026885 0.106704 0.130879 0.103994
Vegetables 0 0 550 0 0 0.091271 0.07784 -0.07784 0 -0.07784
Any other 0 0 600 0 0 0.091271 0.07784 -0.07784 0 -0.07784
Total 75143 51185 5500 0.460518 1.447225 0.265828 0.250051 1.197173 1.231696 0.981645
Source Based On Computation
Graph 4-5 Crop Requirement For Dhamdha Block
4.3 Livestock Water Demand:
Global trend in animal production indicates a rapid and massive increase in
theconsumption of livestock products. It is predicted that meat and milk consumptionwill
grow at 2.8 and 3.3% per annum, respectively, in developing countries like Indiawhere the
whole system of rural economy has revolved around livestock production. Providing enough
quality water is essential for good livestock husbandry. Water makes up 80% of the blood,
regulates body temperature and is vital for organ functions such as digestion, waste removal
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Ultimate water potential required Existing water potential Water potential to be created
DRAFT
68
and the absorption of nutrients. Understanding daily livestock watering needs is key when
designing a livestock watering system.
The daily water requirement of livestock varies significantly among animal species.
The animal's size and growth stage will have a strong influence on daily water intake.
Consumption rates can be affected by environmental and management factors. Air
temperature, relative humidity and the level of animal exertion or production level are
examples of these factors. The quality of the water, which includes temperature, salinity and
impurities affecting taste and odour, will also have an effect. The water content of the animal's
diet will influence its drinking habits. Feed with a relatively high moisture content decreases
the quantity of drinking water required.
Given that drinking water needs are species-, farm- and management-specific, many
producers today are opting to install water-metering equipment to obtain accurate
measurements of water use. If medication is ever provided through the livestock's watering
system, the meter can be used to ensure proper dose rates.
Table 4.3 gives block water demand for livestock for current year and for 2020.
Number of livestock as per 2011 census is 5347579. Estimation is done based on livestock
water demand which is different for types of animals. There is no additional water
requirement as stored water is more than water requirement. 25% of water is reserved for this
purpose in all current and future structures.
Table 4-5 Live Stock Water Demand Durg District
livestock &
poultry
Number Water demand (BCM)
2011 2025* 2011 2025
Poultry/Duck 4970666 5219199 0.000635 0.000667
Pig 1885 1979 0.000006 0.000006
Goat 54681 57415 0.000120 0.000126
Cow/Buffalo 314036 329738 0.008597 0.009027
Sheep 4300 4515 0.000009 0.000010
Total (BCM) 0.0094 0.0098
Source: Based on Calculation
DRAFT
69
Graph 4-6Live Stock Water Demand
Table 4-6 Live Stock Water Demand Block Durg
livestock &
poultry
Number Water demand (BCM)
2011 2025* 2011 2025
Poultry/Duck 1399031 1468983 0.000179 0.000188
Pig 1007 1057 0.000003 0.000003
Goat 21256 22319 0.000047 0.000049
Cow/Buffalo 136769 143607 0.003744 0.003931
Sheep 550 578 0.000001 0.000001
Total (BCM) 0.0040 0.0042
Graph 4-7 Live Stock Water Demand For Durg Block
0.000000
0.001000
0.002000
0.003000
0.004000
0.005000
0.006000
0.007000
0.008000
0.009000
0.010000
Poultry/Duck Pig Goat Cow/Buffalo Sheep
Water Demand2011 Water Demand2025
0.000000
0.000500
0.001000
0.001500
0.002000
0.002500
0.003000
0.003500
0.004000
Poultry/Duck Pig Goat Cow/Buffalo Sheep
Water Demand2011 Water Demand2025
DRAFT
70
Table 4-7 Live Stock Water Demand Block Patan
livestock &
poultry
Number Water demand (BCM)
2011 2025* 2011 2025
Poultry/Duck 17861 18754.05 0.00000228174 0.00000239583
Pig 411 431.55 0.00000120012 0.00000126013
Goat 18922 19868.1 0.00004143918 0.00004351114
Cow/Buffalo 22312 23427.6 0.00061079100 0.00064133055
Sheep 126 132.3 0.00000027594 0.00000028974
Total (BCM) 0.00065598798 0.00068878738
Graph 4-8 Live Stock Water Demand For Patan Block
Table 4-8 Live Stock Water Demand Block Dhamdha
livestock &
poultry
Number Water demand (BCM)
2011 2025* 2011 2025
Poultry/Duck 3553774 3731463 0.000454 0.000477
Pig 467 490 0.000001 0.000001
Goat 14503 15228 0.000032 0.000033
Cow/Buffalo 154955 162703 0.004242 0.004454
Sheep 3624 3805 0.000008 0.000008
Total (BCM) 0.0047 0.0050
0.00000000000
0.00010000000
0.00020000000
0.00030000000
0.00040000000
0.00050000000
0.00060000000
0.00070000000
Poultry/Duck Pig Goat Cow/Buffalo Sheep
Water Demand 2011 Water Demand 2025
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71
Graph 4-9 Live Stock Water Demand For Dhamdha Block
Table 4-9 Water Consumptions by Animals / Birds
0.000000
0.000500
0.001000
0.001500
0.002000
0.002500
0.003000
0.003500
0.004000
0.004500
Poultry/Duck Pig Goat Cow/Buffalo Sheep
Water demand 2011 Water demand 2025
Water Consumptions by Animals / Birds
S. N. Livestock Category Water requirement
Range Average Water Use L/ Day
1 Poultry 0.16-0.24 0.2
2 Small Animals 13-20 16.5
3 Large Animals 39-59 49
Source: Adapted from Nutrient requirements of poultry, Sheep, Cattles. 9th edition.
Washington, D.C.: National Research Council, 1994,
DRAFT
72
Table 4-10 Water Consumptions by Wild Life
Water Consumptions By Wild Life
S. N. Livestock Category Water requirement Range Average Water Use L/ Day
1 Small Animals May-20 10
2 Medium Animals 20-30 25
3 Large Animals 30-60 45
4.4 Industrial Water Demand
In Chhattisgarh, industry is the second highest consumer of water. The main
sources of water for the industrial sector are groundwater and surface water. Groundwater has
emerged as an important source to meet the water requirements of industries. Choice of
source of water depends on the availability of sufficient and regular supply of water and the
cost of water from the source. While the running cost of surface water is mainly the price paid
to the supplier—the municipal bodies; the cost of groundwater is the extraction cost—energy
used (electricity/diesel). Since the prices of all the inputs, water, electricity, and diesel are
administered or regulated by the government, the inefficient use of water remains a normal
practice. Since the surface water supply from municipal sources is not sufficiently guaranteed,
industrial units tend to depend on groundwater.
Net water demand for industries in the current year is 0.0069 BCM. Industrial water
demand for the year 2025 is estimated at 0.0140 BCM. Data is obtained from CGWB and
district industries department.
Table 4-11 Block wise Industrial Water Demand
Block Name of the Industry#
Water demand (BCM)
(15% of per capita water demand)
2011 2025
DURG Industry of different types,
hotels, hospitals, lodges,
schools, offices etc.
0.004715 0.009616
PATAN 0.001192 0.002417
DHAMDHA 0.000959 0.001941
Total (BCM) 0.0069 0.0140
Source: Industrial Department Durg District
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73
Graph 4-10 Block wise Industrial Water Demand
The water demand in industrial area in Durg District is shown in the above Graph.
4.5 Water demand for Power Generation:
There is no power plant, which generates hydel electricity. No additional
water is required for this purpose. There are no future power projects coming in
the district.
4.6 Water Demand of the Durg District for Various Sectors
S.
No. Block
Components for 2011 (In BCM)
Domestic Crop Livestock Industrial
Power
generati
on
Total
1 DURG 0.03144 0.04752605 0.000919096 0.00472 0 0.08460
2 PATAN 0.00795 0.04752605 0.000442884 0.00119 0 0.05711
3 DHAMDHA 0.00639 0.256110801 0.000854042 0.00096 0 0.26431
Total 0.04577 0.35116 0.00222 0.00687 0.00000 0.40602
Table 4-12 Water Demand of The District for Various Sectors (Present)
Source: Based on Data Computation
Based on calculation it is reflect that total current water requirement is 0.40602 BCM.
Highest water requirement is in Patan Block.
0.000000
0.001000
0.002000
0.003000
0.004000
0.005000
0.006000
0.007000
0.008000
0.009000
0.010000
DURG PATAN DHAMDHA
Water demand 2011 Water demand 2025
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74
Table 4-13 Water Demand of the district for various sectors (Projected 2025)
S. No. Block Components for 2025 (In BCM)
Domestic Crop Livestock Industrial Power generation Total
1 DURG 0.064105 0.302447 0.000965 0.009616 0 0.377132
2 PATAN 0.016116 0.855852 0.000465 0.002417 0 0.874851
3 DHAMDHA 0.012939 1.59111 0.000897 0.001941 0 1.606886
Total 0.093159 2.74941 0.002327 0.013974 0 2.85887
Source: Based on Data Computation
4.7 Water Budget
A water budget reflects the relationship between input and output of water through a
region. Thus, we have a direct comparison of supply of water and the natural demand for
water. The following data provides current water gap and projected water gap for the year
2025.
Table 4-14 Water Budget
Blocks
Existing water availability
(BCM)
Total
(BCM) Water demand (BCM) Water gap (BCM)
Surface
water
Ground
water 2011 2025 2011 2025
DURG 0.041808 0.01326 0.055068 0.084595931 0.377132482 0.029527931 0.322064482
PATAN 0.11064 0.01003 0.12067 0.057109805 0.874851286 -
0.063560195 0.754181286
DHAMDHA 0.252228 0.0136 0.265828 0.264314406 1.606885897 -
0.001513594 1.341057897
Total 0.404676 0.03689 0.441566 0.406020142 2.858869665 -
0.035545858 2.417303665
Source Based on Calculation
Graph 4-11 Block wise Water Demand
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
DURG PATAN DHAMDHA
Water demand 2011 Water demand2025
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75
Graph 4-12 Block wise Water Gap
From the above Graph and Table it is clear that In Dhamdha Block there will be Huge water gap in
2025.
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
DURG PATAN DHAMDHA
Water gap 2011 Water gap 2025
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76
5 Chapter -5 Strategic Action Plan
Net Area Sown in Rajnandgaon District is 141062 Ha.Out of which 274471Ha. Area
is either partially or totally,rain fed. Terrains, topography, forest area clearances, availability
of skilled man power, approachability of sites, presence of left wing extremism, land slope,
availability quality power, land acquisition issues, site availability are some of the various
factors which are determining the irrigation strategy for specific areas.
Major crop in the district is Paddy crop, which consumes 1200 mm of water. If in
place of paddy, crops like maize, Pulses and oilseeds are sown, for the same available water,
cropped area can be increased to four times . Changing crop pattern will also improve soil
fertility and reduces crop vulnerability to droughts and diseases.
In this regard, it may be mentioned that the water sector has very strong linkages with
all other developmental activities. In view of fast changing development scenario, it is
emphasized that the key priorities and identified strategies cannot be considered as static and
firm. These need to be reviewed and improved upon from time to time. In this regard a
comprehensive ―Strategic Plan for District Irrigation‖ has been prepared through geospatial
approach:
5.1 Methodology
Diverse research methodologies using RS and GIS have been applied by different
authors to identify potential rainwater harvestings in remote and data scarce areas; in most of
these methods, thematic maps are derived from remote sensing data and integrated in GIS to
evaluate suitable sites for rainwater harvesting. Remote sensing is of immense use for natural
resources mapping and generating necessary spatial database required as an input for GIS
analysis. GIS is a tool for collecting, storing and analyzing spatial and non - spatial data, and
developing a model based on local factors can be used to evaluate appropriate natural
resources development and management action plans. Both these techniques can complement
each other to be used as an effective tool for selecting suitable sites for water harvesting
structures.
In assessment of proposed rainwater harvesting structures potential using GIS and RS,
outlines six key factors that require to be integrated into a GIS framework in order. to
successfully develop a suitable model for RWH. This include; rainfall, hydrology (rainfall-
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77
runoff relationships), slope, land cover, soils (texture, structure, depth) and socio-economics
of the area under consideration.
The following criteria have been followed for making decision on selecting suitable
site for various water harvesting structures as per Integrated Mission for Sustainable
Development (IMSD) guidelines.
Check dams
The slope should be less than 15 percent.
The land use may be barren, shrub land and riverbed.
The infiltration rate of the soil should be less.
The type of soil should be sandy clay loam.
Percolation tanks and nala bunds
The slope should be less than 10 percent.
The infiltration rate of the soil should be moderately high.
The land use / cover may be barren or scrub land.
The type of soil should be silt loam.
The suitability of WHS sites can be confirmed as the site is located on second and
third order drainage and satisfies the conditions of land use, soil type and slope as per IMSD
guidelines.Water harvesting structures are extremely important to conserve precious natural
resources like, soil and water, which is depleting day by day at alarming rate. The following
table provide strategic action plan for irrigation for each block as well as for whole district
and estimated costs and period of implementation.
DRAFT
78
Figure 5-1 Proposed Water Harvesting Structure in Durg District
Source: NRSC (District GYAN data and ISRO BhuvanPortel
DRAFT
79
Following data provides water potential created if proposed strategic action plan is
implemented.
Table 5-1 Water Potential Created
Block Dhamdha Durg Patan Grand Total
CEMENT NALA BUND 695000 390000 910000 1995000
CHECK DAM 320000 350000 70000 740000
CHECK DAM & NALA BUND 5940000 2090000 3690000 11720000
Form Pond 969000 597000 702000 2268000
MASONARY BANDHARA 122.5 37.5 325 485
NALA BUND 1124 556 1396 3076
Pond Deepning 871454.967 692577.9551 1083076.532 2647109.454
Grand Total 8796701.467 4120171.455 6456797.532 19373670.45
Table 5-2 Irrigated Area Created
Block Irrigated Area (Ha)
Dhamdha 19735
Durg 7523
Patan 9390
Total 36648
Table 5-3 Block Wise Year Wise Estimated Cost (in Lakh)
Block 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year Grand Total
Dhamdha 5823.24 6565.32 6758.2 6099 6374.48 31620.24
Durg 4445.72 5215.26 4736.26 6395.8 5180.36 25973.4
Patan 6146.5 6404.98 6287.72 6712.4 6761.7 32313.3
Grand Total 164,15.46 181,85.56 177,82.18 192,07.2 183,16.54 899,06.94
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80
Table 5-4 Block Wise ,Year Wise, Component Wise Estimated Cost (in Lakh)
Row Labels 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year Grand
Total
Dhamdha 5823.24 6565.32 6758.2 6099 6374.48 31620.24
AIBP 1220 1290 1320 1210 1220 6260
Her Khet Ko Pani 1936.14 2305.02 2344.7 2135.5 2207.78 10929.14
MGNAREGA 594 570 627 594 594 2979
Per Drop More Crop 1484.6 1827.8 1883 1595 1764.2 8554.6
PMKSY (IWMP) 588.5 572.5 583.5 564.5 588.5 2897.5
Durg 4445.72 5215.26 4736.26 6395.8 5180.36 25973.4
AIBP 510 430 420 560 520 2440
Her Khet Ko Pani 1683.42 2044.36 1880.36 2543.3 2024.96 10176.4
MGNAREGA 516 522 483 483 486 2490
Per Drop More Crop 1403.8 1860.4 1600.4 2437 1794.4 9096
PMKSY (IWMP) 332.5 358.5 352.5 372.5 355 1771
Patan 6146.5 6404.98 6287.72 6712.4 6761.7 32313.3
AIBP 770 780 730 730 750 3760
Her Khet Ko Pani 2150.4 2004.88 2235.22 2125.1 2368.1 10883.7
MGNAREGA 864 879 861 894 891 4389
Per Drop More Crop 1503.6 1897.6 1618 2120.8 1914.6 9054.6
PMKSY (IWMP) 858.5 843.5 843.5 842.5 838 4226
Grand Total 164,15.46 181,85.56 177,82.18 192,07.2 183,16.54 899,06.94
Table 5-5 Block Wise Proposed No of Activity
Activity Dhamdha Durg Patan Grand
Total
CEMENT NALA BUND 139 78 182 399
CHECK DAM 32 35 7 74
CHECK DAM & NALA BUND 594 209 369 1172
FORM POND 323 199 234 756
LOOSE BOLDER CHECK 231 92 102 425
MASONARY BANDHARA 49 15 130 194
NALA BUND 281 139 349 769
PERCOLATION TANK 107 119 175 401
PIPE, SPRINKLER & DRIP IRRIGATION 855 9096 9054 26705
POND DEEPNING 993 830 1463 3286
TUBEWELL & ELECTRIC / SOLAR
PUMP 2566 2728.8 2847 8143
UNDER GROUND BANDHARA 19 15 17 51
Grand Total 1386 13540 14964 42375
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81
Table 5-6 Ministry Wise, Year Wise Estimated Cost (in Lakh)
Row Labels 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year Grand
Total
DOLR 1779.5 1774.5 1779.5 1779.5 1781.5 8894.5
DOLR/MORD 1974 1971 1971 1971 1971 9858
MOA&FW- DAC&FW 10161.96 11940.06 11561.68 12956.7 12074.04 58694.44
MOWR 2500 2500 2470 2500 2490 12460
Grand Total 164,15.46 181,85.56 177,82.18 192,07.2 183,16.54 899,06.94
Note: 0.1 percent amount of total estimated cost to be allotted for Mass
Awareness Programme and Capacity Building.
Component Proposed Amount
(Rs. In Crore)
Command Area
(in Ha)
Present
Command
Area
After
Command
Area
Command Area
Increase
1 2 3 4 5 6
AIBP Block Dhamdha
1. Remodling & Lining of Parsada Distributri System5.00 1085.00 1045.00 1085.00 40
2. Remodling & Lining of Hathkhoge Minor2.50 363.00 363.00 363.00 0
3. Remodling & Lining of Ghikudiya Minor1.00 257.00 232.00 257.00 25
4. Remodling & Lining of Khasadhih Minor1.00 268.00 238.00 268.00 30
5. Remodling & Lining of Gota Minor1.00 436.00 396.00 436.00 40
6. Remodling & Lining of Bhatiya Minor 2.50 488.00 448.00 488.00 40
7. Remodling & Lining of Tarkuri Minor 2.00 206.00 186.00 206.00 20
Total 15.00 3103.00 2908.00 3103.00 195.00
Medium Irrigation
1. Khapri N (Nahar)4 4800 4600.00 4800 200
Har Khet Ko Pani
Block Durg
Action Plan 2015-16 Area in Hectare
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1. Bhenderwani Tank2.5 308 186.14 308 121.86
2. Borai Diversion1.9 135 135.00 135 0
3. Dhanora Tank1.5 155 120.00 155 35
4. Tirga Tank0.7 70 56.00 70 14
5. Vinayakpur Tank1.6 86 55.00 86 31
6. Bharda Tank1 101 0.00 101 101
7.Bhendsar nalla tank2.4 325 225.00 325 100
8. Bhendser Tank0.7 57 40.00 57 17
9.Anda Tank0.6 62 40.00 62 22
10. Risma tank0.45 62 45.00 62 17
11. Anjora tank1.7 249 200.00 249 49
12. Biresar Diversion1.9 130 113.00 130 17
13. Khapri Tank0.6 60 40.00 60 20
Total 17.55 1800.00 1255.14 1800.00 544.86
Block - Dhamdha
14. Construction on Pathara Stapdam/Rapta on Chorha
nala 2 20 0.00 20 20
D:\server upload\agriculture department\12042016\durg\Durg Action Plan 2016.xlsx / sheet 9(4)
15. Construction on Khapri Stapdam/Rapta on Chorha
nala 2 20 0.00 20 20
16. Renovation of Surdung Tank & Remodling & Lining
canal 0.7 50 40.00 50 10
17.Remodling & lining of Pithora Diversion & canal4 242 0.00 242 242
18.Renovation of Kapasda Tank & remodling & Lining
of canal 0.85 98 80.00 98 18
19.Renovation of Panchdevri Tank & remodling & Lining
of canal 0.8 275.75 275.00 275.75 0.75
20.Renovation of Rigni Nalla Diversion & Remodling &
Lining of canal 0.9 65 50.00 65 15
21.Renovation of Mohandi Tank & Remodling & Lining
of canal 1 195 170.00 195 25
22.Renovation of NandoriTank & Remodling & Lining of
canal 0.9 125 110.00 125 15
23.Renovation of Madesara Diversion & Remodling &
Lining of canal 2 75 60.00 75 15
24.Renovation of Kareli tank & Remodling & Lining of
canal 1.5 65 50.00 65 15
25.Renovation of Mohlai tank & Remodling & Lining of
canal 2 145 120.00 145 25
26.Renovation of janjgiri Diversion & Remodling &
Lining of canal 1 100 80.00 100 20
D:\server upload\agriculture department\12042016\durg\Durg Action Plan 2016.xlsx / sheet 9(4)
27.Akoli Tank5 485 120.00 485 365
28.Dodaki tank1 91 0.00 91 91
29.Nandway tank1.5 121 72.60 121 48.4
30.Nandeli tank0.8 64 0.00 64 64
31.Tengna Diversion1.1 101 0.00 101 101
32.Gorpa tank1.5 121 0.00 121 121
33.konka tank1 81 0.00 81 81
34.Paraskol Tank1.5 101 0.00 101 101
35.Kokdi Tank2.5 178 0.00 178 178
36.Thelka Diversion1.1 101 0.00 101 101
37.Ghotha Diversion2.5 186 0.00 186 186
38.Rohta tank2.00 146 0.00 146 146
39. Ghotwani Tank1.50 100 0.00 100 100
40. Raunda Tank Old1.00 60 0.00 60 60
41. Salhe Tank1.50 100 0.00 100 100
42. Pandora Diversion1.00 100 0.00 100 100
Total 46.15 3351.75 1227.60 3611.75 2384.15
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Block - Patan
1. Balodi Tank2 246.45 200.00 246.45 46.45
2. Kashi tank3 183.11 150.00 183.11 33.11
3. matiya Diversion2 145 100.00 145 45
4.Mokhli Diversion4 447 402.30 447 44.7
5. Khurmudi tank1.5 286.46 161.21 286.46 125.25
6. Jheet Tank0.2 182.96 162.86 182.96 20.1
7. Gujra Diversion 3 583 463.23 583 119.77
8-. Changori Diversion 2 235.06 131.05 235.06 104.01
9. Sikola Diversion 3 40 0.00 40 40
10. Bhansuli Diversion 4 200 0.00 200 200
11. Bendri Diversion 2 142 122.00 142 20
12. Ghughwa Tank 2 61 56.00 61 5
13. Ameri Tank 2 115 95.00 115 20
14. Achanakpur Tank 2 230 206.00 230 24
Total 32.7 3097.04 2318.65 3097.04 778.39
D:\server upload\agriculture department\12042016\durg\Durg Action Plan 2016.xlsx / sheet 9(4)
Per Drop More Crop
PMKSY-Watershed
Total 115.40 16151.79 12309.39 16411.79 4102.40
Durg Block 21.55 6600.00 5855.14 6600.00 744.86
Patan Block 32.70 3097.04 2318.65 3097.04 778.39
Dhamdha Block 61.15 6454.75 4135.60 6714.75 2579.15
Grand Total 115.40 16151.79 12309.39 16411.79 4102.40
Executive Engineer Tandula Water Resources Division,
Durg(C.G.)
D:\server upload\agriculture department\12042016\durg\Durg Action Plan 2016.xlsx / sheet 9(4)
COMPONENT AND YEAR WISE STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN
Department wise BUDGETARY PROVISIONS
Departments 1
st
Year 2
nd Year
3rd
Year
4th
Year
5th
Year
Total Cost
(in crore
Rs)
DOLR/MORD 24.46 23.71 22.96 24.97 24.045 120.148
MOA & FW-DAC & FW 31.2898 21.1224 21.6057 21.1400 11.5718 106.7297
MOUD
MOWR 28.32 28.32 28.32 28.32 28.32 141.60
Grand Total
No. of Proposed Structures
Structure Total no. Water storage/
structure (cum)
Total water
Storage (cum)
Farm Ponds 952/4500 900/6111 28356300
Check Dam/Nala Band 734 3750 2752500
Percolation Tanks 167 112500 18787500
Anicut/Stopdam/Diversion 02 56633.14 56633.14
Component 1st year 2
nd year 3
rd year 4
th year 5
th year
Total
cost (Rs.
In Crore)
• AIBP 28.32 28.32 28.32 28.32 28.32 141.60
a. Her Khet Ko Pani 29.4825 19.2960 19.760 19.2750 9.7550 97.5685
b. MGNREGA 22.18 20.37 19.62 21.63 22.54 106.34
c. Per Drop More Crop 3.0073 3.3264 3.6457 3.965 4.2168 18.1612
PMKSY (IWMP) 2.2830 3.340 3.340 3.340 1.5050 13.8080
Water Treatment plant
Grand Total
Minor Irrigation tanks 12 5100000 61200000
Dam/Canal Renovation 59 861.99
Pond deepening 2562 11080.3 13994718.33
Total
BUDGET AVAILABILITY
Department 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Recpt Expd Recpt Expd Recpt Expd
Agriculture 281.71 277.09 522.87 506.63 315.70 197.58
Irrigation 3832.64 3673.32 2187.0 2184.92 5488.0 5001.11
Watershed 164.29 64.19 164.01 133.14 81.27 54.07
MGNREGA 7717.55 5908.51 4331.12 5163.12 5995.37 3249.78
Action Plan 2015 – 16
Component Proposed Amount
(Rs. In Crore)
Command Area
(in Ha)
AIBP 141.6000 40662.57
Har Khet Ko Pani 97.5685 9756.50
Per Drop More Crop 18.1612 4734.30
PMKSY- Watershed 13.8080 1380.80
MGNREGA 1823.11 998.36
Total 2094.2477 57532.53
Low Hanging Fruits:-
Structure Year Command Area in Ha Remarks
Tonahi nala Diversion
Parsuli Diversion
Thakur Dev Reservior
Nawadih Diversion
Mudanala diversion
Nishthiguda Jalashay
Irrigation Potential -
Structure Water holding
capacity (in MCM)
Cost
(in Crore)
Command
Area (in Ha)
Sikaser Dam (1999)
Ghumarapadar Jalashay
Pairi Ghumar Diversion
Kharkhar Jalashay
Kotari Jalashay
WATER SAVING
Component No. of
structures
Water Saving
/work (cum)
Total Saving in
(cum)
Land Development
Drip Irrigation
Sprinklers 2300 2000 4600000
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