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7/27/2019 Presentation on Transmission Medium.ppt
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Presentation on TransmissionMedium
Presented by:
Pooja Relan (40)
Ajinkya Sanap (41)
Anish Sanghvi (42)
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Transmission Medium
On any network, the various entities mustcommunicate through some form of media.
Just as humans can communicate through
telephone wires or sound waves in the air,computers can communicate through cables,light, and radio waves.
Transmission media enables computers to sendand receive messages
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Types of Transmission Medium
There are two main groups oftransmission media, namelythe guided medium and thewireless medium/ unguidedmedium.
For the guided medium, thereis a physical path (such as acable) for electromagneticwave propagation.
For the wireless medium,
however, the electromagneticwave is transmitted throughair, water, or vacuum.
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Twisted Pair Cable
A twisted pair consists of twoconductors (normally copper),each with its own plasticinsulation, twisted together.
Low frequency transmission
medium
We can transmit 1 Mbps overshort distances (less than100m).
They are mainly used to
transmit analog signals, butthey can be used for digitalsignals.
Types of Twisted Pair Cable:
- UTP (Unshielded Twisted-Pair)
- STP (Shielded Twisted-Pair)
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Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages:
- Inexpensive and readily available
- Flexible and light weight
- Easy to work with and install Disadvantages:
- Susceptibility to interference and noise
- Attenuation problem
For analog, repeaters needed every 5-6km For digital, repeaters needed every 2-3km
- Relatively low bandwidth (3000Hz)
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Applications
Twisted-pair cables are used in
telephone lines to provide voice
and data channels.
The DSL lines that are used by
the telephone companies to provide high data-rate
connections also use the high-
bandwidth capability of
unshielded twisted-pair cables.
Local-area networks, such as
10Base-T and 100Base-T, also
use twisted-pair cables.
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Coaxial Cable
Coaxial cable (or coax)carries signals of higherfrequency ranges thanthose in twisted- pair
cable. Coaxial consists of a core
made of solid coppersurrounded by insulation,a braided metalshielding, and an outercover.
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Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages:
- Higher bandwidth
400 to 600Mhz
up to 10,800 voice conversations- Much less susceptible to interference thantwisted pair
Disadvantages:
- More expensive than twisted pair cable.- Harder to work with & gets easily damaged.
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Applications
Television distribution
Ariel to TV
Cable TV
Long distance telephonetransmission
Short distance computersystems links
Local area networks
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Fiber Optic Cable
Relatively new transmissionmedium used by telephonecompanies in place of long-distance trunk lines
Require a light source withinjection laser diode (ILD)or light-emitting diodes(LED)
Optical fiber consists of a
glass core, surrounded by aglass cladding with slightlylower refractive index.
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Fiber Optic Transmission Modes
Single-mode fiber
Carries light pulsesalong single path.
Multimode fiber
Many pulses of lighttravel at differentangles
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Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages:
- Greater capacity (bandwidth of up to 2 Gbps).
- Smaller size and lighter weight.
- Lower attenuation.- Immunity to environmental interference.
- Highly secure due to tap difficulty and lack of signalradiation.
Disadvantages:- Expensive over short distance
- Requires highly skilled installers
- Adding additional nodes is difficult
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Applications
The fiber optic cable isoften found in backbonenetworks because itsbandwidth is cost
effective. Used in TV companies.
LAN such as 100 Base-FX Network
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Unguided Transmission Medium
Unguided media – nomedium to control orcontain signals;therefore, no boundaries
transmission andreception are achieved bymeans of an antenna.
Types of unguided media
systems: Microwave
Satellite
Radio
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Types of Unguided Transmission Medium
Radio Wireless transmission of electrical waves over air Each device has a radio transceiver with a specific
frequency Low power transmitters (few miles range) Often attached to portables (Laptops, PDAs,
cell phones)
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Infrared
“invisible” light waves (frequency is below redlight)
Requires line of sight; generally subject tointerference from heavy rain, smog, and fog
Used in remote control units (e.g., TV) Microwave Transmission
High frequency form of radio communication. Antenna at transmitter & receiver must be
aligned (Line of Sight).
Does not penetrate through objects.
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Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages:
- easy to install - no need to run cablesthroughout the building
- users are able to move around with portable
systems and stay connected
- transmission speeds are very high
Disadvantages:
- less secure - its lot easier to hack into a
wireless network.
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Applications
They are used in Cellular phones.
They are used in wireless LANs.
AM and FM Radio, television, maritime radio,
cordless phone, and paging are examples ofmulticasting.
Infrared waves are used in communicationbetween devices such as Keyboard, PCs andPrinters.
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THANK YOU
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