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AP Biology ReviewJeopardy

Biochem The Cell Energy Gene Expression

DNA Misc.

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What is the structure of an amino acid?

What is the structure of an amino acid?

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H

|

NH2 -C-COOH|R

H

|

NH2 -C-COOH|R

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If Z inhibits Enzyme 2, which product would first build up

in the cell?

If Z inhibits Enzyme 2, which product would first build up

in the cell?

WE1 X

E2 YE3 Z

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XX

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How do and -glucose differ?How do and -glucose differ?

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They are structural isomersThey are structural isomers

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Why can we not digest cellulose?

Why can we not digest cellulose?

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It is composed of -glucoseIt is composed of -glucose

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What is a peptide bond?What is a peptide bond?

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Bond between two amino acidsBond between two amino acids

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What is a condensation reaction?

What is a condensation reaction?

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The removal of water during polymer formation

The removal of water during polymer formation

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Why would an enzyme be denatured in acidic

conditions?

Why would an enzyme be denatured in acidic

conditions?

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The acid would interrupt the interaction between charged

amino acids (tertiary structure)

The acid would interrupt the interaction between charged

amino acids (tertiary structure)

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Major difference between plant and animal cells

Major difference between plant and animal cells

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The cell wall vs. the cell membrane

The cell wall vs. the cell membrane

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Molecule responsible for the insolubility of the cell membrane in water

Molecule responsible for the insolubility of the cell membrane in water

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PhospholipidPhospholipid

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In a cell, what functions to give shape, enable movement, and

anchor organelles?

In a cell, what functions to give shape, enable movement, and

anchor organelles?

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Microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate fibers

Microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate fibers

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How do prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes?

How do prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes?

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Prokaryotes: no nucleus, circular DNA

Prokaryotes: no nucleus, circular DNA

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What is the function of the nucleolus?

What is the function of the nucleolus?

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Synthesis of ribosomesSynthesis of ribosomes

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What is a kinetochore?What is a kinetochore?

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Structure that links the centromere to spindle

apparatus

Structure that links the centromere to spindle

apparatus

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How many membranes compose a chloroplast?How many membranes compose a chloroplast?

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Three - outer, inner and granaThree - outer, inner and grana

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Each NADH + H+ generated in the Krebs cycle generates X

ATP

Each NADH + H+ generated in the Krebs cycle generates X

ATP

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X=3X=3

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True or False: Aerobic respiration is more ancient than anaerobic respiration

True or False: Aerobic respiration is more ancient than anaerobic respiration

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FalseFalse

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Where is ATP generated?Where is ATP generated?

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Chloroplast stroma and Mitochondrial matrix

Chloroplast stroma and Mitochondrial matrix

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The oxygen consumed during respiration results in the

production of?

The oxygen consumed during respiration results in the

production of?

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H2OH2O

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What is the primary role of light in photosynthesis?

What is the primary role of light in photosynthesis?

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Light excites electrons in chlorophyll that are captured

by the primary electron acceptor

Light excites electrons in chlorophyll that are captured

by the primary electron acceptor

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These plants open their stomata during the night for carbon

fixation

These plants open their stomata during the night for carbon

fixation

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CAMCAM

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What is photorespiration?What is photorespiration?

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A process that consumes O2 with out producing ATP

A process that consumes O2 with out producing ATP

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What is the function of the regulator gene on the lac

operon?

What is the function of the regulator gene on the lac

operon?

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The gene directs the synthesis of a regulator protein that will

repress gene expression

The gene directs the synthesis of a regulator protein that will

repress gene expression

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Mutation of which base in a triplet codon would be least

likely to cause a genetic mutation?

Mutation of which base in a triplet codon would be least

likely to cause a genetic mutation?

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The third positionThe third position

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How did scientists demonstrated that DNA

replication is semiconservative?

How did scientists demonstrated that DNA

replication is semiconservative?

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They cultured bacteria in heavy nitrogen and demonstrated that during DNA replication only one strand contained

heavy nitrogen

They cultured bacteria in heavy nitrogen and demonstrated that during DNA replication only one strand contained

heavy nitrogen

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Which strand of DNA is replicated by Okazaki

fragments?

Which strand of DNA is replicated by Okazaki

fragments?

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The lagging strand, which is elongated in the 3’ to 5’

direction

The lagging strand, which is elongated in the 3’ to 5’

direction

DAILY DOUBLEDAILY DOUBLE

What is the difference between glycogen and amylopectin?

What is the difference between glycogen and amylopectin?

DAILY DOUBLEDAILY DOUBLE

Glycogen: extensively branched storage carbohydrate in

animals (liver)Amylopectin: branched storage

carbohydrate in plants (amyloplasts)

Glycogen: extensively branched storage carbohydrate in

animals (liver)Amylopectin: branched storage

carbohydrate in plants (amyloplasts)

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Mutations are often thought of as “mistakes” but they are also beneficial. Name one

benefit.

Mutations are often thought of as “mistakes” but they are also beneficial. Name one

benefit.

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Genetic diversityGenetic diversity

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Why is the one gene - one protein hypothesis incorrect?Why is the one gene - one protein hypothesis incorrect?

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Alternative splicing generates different proteins from the

same gene.

Alternative splicing generates different proteins from the

same gene.

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If red hair, blue eyes, and freckles were consistently inherited together,the best

explanation would be?

If red hair, blue eyes, and freckles were consistently inherited together,the best

explanation would be?

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These genes are linked on the same chromosome

These genes are linked on the same chromosome

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A human genetic defect that affects the ability to metabolize

a particular amino acid is?

A human genetic defect that affects the ability to metabolize

a particular amino acid is?

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PhenylketonuriaPhenylketonuria

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In mitosis the resulting cell is XnIn mitosis the resulting cell is Xn

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X=2X=2

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In complete dominance what would be the phenotypic ratio

of a Tt x tt cross, if “t” produced short stems in

plants?

In complete dominance what would be the phenotypic ratio

of a Tt x tt cross, if “t” produced short stems in

plants?

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1 long-stemmed plant: 1 short-stemmed plant

1 long-stemmed plant: 1 short-stemmed plant

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List three types of conditions under which mitosis occurs

List three types of conditions under which mitosis occurs

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Wound repair, regeneration, growth and development

Wound repair, regeneration, growth and development

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Suppose you wanted a family consisting of two girls and a boy, what are the chances?

Suppose you wanted a family consisting of two girls and a boy, what are the chances?

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1/81/8

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List the phases of the cell cycle in order

List the phases of the cell cycle in order

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G1, S, G2, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis

G1, S, G2, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis

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What evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory?

What evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory?

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Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain circular DNA and

prokaryotic-like ribosomes

Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain circular DNA and

prokaryotic-like ribosomes

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What would a cell undergoing prophase I of meiosis contain that a cell undergoing mitosis

would not?

What would a cell undergoing prophase I of meiosis contain that a cell undergoing mitosis

would not?

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Paired homologous chromosomes

Paired homologous chromosomes

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Name four enzymes used during DNA replication

Name four enzymes used during DNA replication

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Helicase, RNA primase, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase

Helicase, RNA primase, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase

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What is DPIP used for?What is DPIP used for?

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It accepts electrons that normally would be accepted by

NADP+

It accepts electrons that normally would be accepted by

NADP+

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If you added sugar to water, would the water potential

decrease or increase

If you added sugar to water, would the water potential

decrease or increase

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The water potential would decrease (become more

negative)

The water potential would decrease (become more

negative)

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List three ways bacteria can become genetically diverse?List three ways bacteria can become genetically diverse?

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Conjugation, transformation, transduction

Conjugation, transformation, transduction

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How do ribosomes attach to the ER?

How do ribosomes attach to the ER?

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The SRP attaches to the signal peptide and this complex

translocates to the ribosome

The SRP attaches to the signal peptide and this complex

translocates to the ribosome