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Allnex at a Glance
A 1.5 Billion $ private equity owned company with
a strong market position in 4 different business lines:
Liquid Resins and Additives (LRA)
Radiation Curable Resins (RAD)
Powder Resins (PCR)
Crosslinkers (XLR)
Different market segments:
Automotive
Industrial
Packaging coatings and inks
Protective
Industrial plastics
Specialty architectural
Sales 2012 by Product Line
Sales 2012 by Segment
Allnex – Our Technologies for Automotive OEM Coatings
RESYDROL® : Waterdilutable Alkyd- and modified Alkyd resins Waterdilutable Polyester- and modified Polyester resins
DAOTAN ® : Waterdilutable Polyurethane dispersions
VIACRYL ® : Water- and solventdilutable Acrylic resins
MACRYNAL ® : Isocyanate crosslinkable Acrylic resins (s/b & w/b)
CYMEL ® : Melamine Aminoplast Crosslinkers (methylated, butylated as well as mixed alcohols range)
CYCAT ® : Catalysts for Melamine Amino Crosslinkers
ADDITOL ® : Additives for Pigment wetting Stabilizing aluminum pigments in waterborne Basecoats Leveling & flow Substrate wetting Degassing & defoaming
Metal & Pretreatment
Cathodic Electrodeposition „CED“ DFT: approx. 20µm
Primer Surfacer DFT: approx. 25 - 35µm
Automotive OEM Layers
Clearcoat DFT: approx. 50 - 60µm
Basecoat DFT: approx. 10 - 30µm
Topcoat DFT: approx. 50 - 60µm
Automotive OEM Layers - their main responsibilities
Cathodic Electrodeposition „CED“ Corrossion protection (together with pretreatment layer) of the car body Primer Surfacer – the „damping- and preparation“ layer Protection against mechanical impacts (stone chip protection ) Leveling of unevenness and irregularities (sanding marks, poor leveling / high roughness of CED) Basecoat – the „style / emotion“ layer Providing color and effect – also of high importance for supporting the shape of the car body Clearcoat – the „appearance and protection“ layer Appearance: Excellent leveling (smooth surface) High gloss and body Protection: UV radiation (causes degradation of the polymers) Chemicals (gasoline, acids, tree gum, bird droppings,……) Mechanical impacts (scratches, car wash brushes,…..)
Anodic Electrodeposition
Since 1961 (FORD-Patent)
Heyday: 1965 till approx. 1978
Cathodic Electrodeposition
Starting in 1975
State-of-the-art technology till today
CED - History
What do we need for CED? A conductive object to be coated
(all kinds of metal or metalized substrates)
Electric power (DC) generated by a rectifier
The CED bath with anode cells as counter electrodes
An oven (150 – 190°C) for the stoving process
CED - Basics
Advantages of CED
Fully automated
No limitation for the shapes of objects
Good penetration into holes (throwing power)
No overspray and other losses (except loss of the isocyanate blocking agent)
Best corrosion resistance of all coating systems
Disadvantages
Rather high investments for the coating line
Curing temperature >140°C
CED - Basics
Principle of CED
+
Elektrolyse Koagulation
+ -
Water/e-Coat
Electrolysis Coagulation
Anode: Formation of H+-ions (acid)
Cathode: Formation of OH--Ions (Base) The resin coagulates by the pH-shift
CED - Basics
1. Cationic resin dispersion (also containing the crosslinker)
2. Pigments
3. Cosolvents
4. Additives
5. Curing catalyst
6. Deionised Water
CED – The Coating Composition
1. Cationic Resin Dispersion for Primer:
Epoxy resin N N
OH OH H+
Organic acids like Formic, acetic, lactic,….
A. Backbone resin
RCOO-
B. Crosslinker: blocked aromatic Isocyanates
C. Catalyst: metal catalyst
polyacrylate N N
OH H+
OH
OH
Cationic Resin Dispersion for Monocoats:
B. Crosslinker: blocked aliphatic Isocyanates
RCOO-
A. Backbone resin
Performance Comparison
Epoxy - CED Acrylic - CED
Corrosion resistance + + + -
UV - resistance - - - + +
Feasible color range - - - + +
Stoving temperature > 160°C > 170°C
Salt Spray Test ASTM (500 hrs)
0
5
1 2 3 4 5
aromatic
aliphatic
acrylic/30% EP
acrylic/15% EP
Epoxy
Infiltration
[mm]
1
6,5
5
4
3
240 hrs Accelerated Weathering (QUV - B)
0
50
100
1 2 3 4 5
aromatic
aliphatic
acrylic/30% EP
acrylic/15% EP
epoxy
Loss of gloss
100
4
22
15
68
2. Colors/Pigments
Epoxy CED for car bodies: grey
TiO2, carbon black, (extenders)
Epoxy CED for small parts: black
Carbon black, extenders
Acrylic CED for Monocoat systems: different colors
Organic pigments
2. Colors/Pigments
For the pigment grinding a separate grinding resin is used!
The CED system consists of 2 components
the CED dispersion (clear, not pigmented)
the pigment paste
Both components are fed into the tank separately
3. Role of the Cosolvents:
Influencing film forming:
The higher the solvent content, the softer the film in the deposition stage:
the lower the film resistance
the higher the flow of electricity
the higher the film build
increase of the bath temperature has same effect
Well established cosolvents are Texanol, Hexylglycol, Phenoxypropanol and Butylglycol (as carrier for the others)
4. Additives
Anti crater agents (incompatible with the ecoat):
Edge protection additives
Zinc pinhole additives (use of cosolvents is also possible)
Dispersing additive: for preparing the water dilutable catalyst dispersion
5. Curing Catalysts
Blocked aromatic isocyanates need a metal catalyst for deblocking and crosslinking
Catalysts in use are DBTO, DOTO, Bismuth compounds
All catalysts need a special preparation to bring them into a water dilutable form, which cannot be hydrolised in the waterborne ecoat
E- Coat characteristics (CED)
Solids content 15 – 20 %
pH 4 - 6
Conductivity 800 – 1500 µSi
MEQ-value 25 - 40
(milliequivalent acid/
100 g solid resin)
Pigment binder ratio 0,15 : 1 (black)
< 0,1 : 1 (organic)
< 0,5 : 1 (grey)
General Parameters
1. Voltage 30 – 420 Volt DC
2. Current (Ampere) depending on film resistance
3. Deposition time (sec)
4. Bath temperature (°C)
5. Electric charge (As, Cb)
6. Deposition equivalent (Cb/g deposited ecoat)
Minimum Coalescing Temperature MCT
(Constant voltage)
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
20 22 24 26 28 30 32
µm
Bath temperature °C
Cosolvent addition: moves the MCT and µm to the right
irregular deposition regular deposition
CED - Process:
Deposition time 2 - 4 minutes
Loss of solid material is compensated by addition of new material (dispersion as well as pigment paste)
ANODE:
Formation of the neutralisation acid (removed by the anolyte)
Formation of oxygen
CATHODE:
Deposition, coating formation of hydrogen
Film Forming During the Electrodeposition
The amount of deposited material decreases with the time of deposition, as the film forms a layer with strongly reduced conductivity
Depending on the softness of the E- coat (Tg of the resin), normal film thickness (15 – 25 µm) up to high film build (25 – 50 µm) can be generated
Throwing power: the ability of the E- coat to penetrate into holes
The film is almost dry after deposition (<2% water) after rinsing
Circulation of Anolyte, Ultrafiltration:
ANOLYTE = liquid phase in the anode, which absorbs the acid which is generated by the deposition
ULTRAFILTRATION = additional removal of waterborne components from the coatings system.
Turnover
Is the time for full consumption of the material in the tank
Depends on coated surface/time
Typical turnover is 2-5 weeks, but can go up to 1 year (stability challenge!)
Tank size and turnover define the consumption of the material; tank size can go up to 500 m³ (bigger cars, buses)
Metal Substrates/Pretreatments
Blank steel (only used for testing purposes)
Iron phosphated steel (low end substrates)
Zinc phosphated steel (most common substrates for Automotive and GI, gives highest performance – depending on dotation and rinsing; Cr free rinse is a must in EU)
Sandblasted steel (very seldom)
Other metal substrates Mg, Al, …. deliver different deposition performance and have to be evaluated individually
Challenges:
Cratering (external contaminations)
Leveling
Pinholes (MCT – behaviour)
Coagulation in the tank (too low neutralisation, bacteria ?)
Redissolution (too low pH in CED)
New metal pretreatments (e.g. Zirconium- based)
Only solventbased (s/b) chemistry till late 1980 / early 1990s
Worldwide first waterborne (w/b) Primer Surfacer at Opel in Germany early 1990s
Other OEM‘s (VW- Group, Volvo, Daimler, BMW,…..) followed within the next decade
Today w/b Primer Surfacer is „state of the art“ but still a high amount of s/b technology in use (Fiat, Renault, PSA, OEM‘s in US and Asia,……)
36
Primer Surfacer - History
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Europe Eastern&Central
E.
Americas Japan Asia
w/b Powder solvent
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Europe Eastern&Central
E.
Americas Japan Asia
w/b Powder solvent
Technology Segmentation Primer Surfacer: Development from 2004 to 2010
Primer Surfacer
Europe 2004
East & Central Europe
2004
Americas 2004
Japan 2004
Asia 2004
(Outside JP)
WB 40% 10% 8% 10% 5% POWDER 2% 0% 51%
SB 58% 90% 41% 90% 95% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Primer Surfacer
Europe 2010
East & Central Europe
2010
Americas 2010
Japan 2010
Asia 2010
(Outside JP)
WB 70% 14% 11% 30% 10% POWDER 4% 0% 70%
SB 26% 86% 19% 70% 90% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Application of the Primer Surfacer with ESTA (electrostatic application) by means of high speed bells
Dry film thickness (DFT) can vary from 20 – 35µm
Standard baking conditions: 20min/165°C (at some OEMs lower temperatures down to 145°C )
Each OEM / OEM line has more or less different requirements
38
Primer Surfacer - Basics
Main Requirements for the Primer Surfacer
Excellent Appearance (gloss, leveling, absolutely NO surface defects)
Broad application window = high robustness of the Primer Surfacer (temperature, humidity, application speed , baking conditions……) to achieve high first run o.k. rates
Excellent adhesion to different CED- and PVC qualities
Excellent intercoat adhesion to a broad variety of Basecoats
Excellent humidity resistance
Excellent mechanical properties – tough elastic even at -20°C
Shear & storage stability
…….
......
39
Basics
40
s/b Primer Surfacer w/b Primer Surfacer
Polyester (mod. Alkyd) mod. Alkyd Epoxy resin Polyester (PU- mod.) Melamine Crosslinker Melamine Crosslinker Benzoguanamine Crosslinker blocked Polyisocyanate Pigments Pigments Extenders Extenders Additives Additives Solvents (> 40%) Solvents (< 5%)
Primer Surfacer – The Coating Composition
41
Basic Resin
EPOXY Modifier Resin
PU Modifier Resin
Polyester Modifier Resin
Adhesion
Corrosion resistance
Pigment wetting
Levelling
Hardness
Economic efficiency
Stone chip resistance
IMPROVE
Primer Surfacer – The Coating Composition
Trends / Challenges for the Primer Surfacer Layer:
Further improved appearance (gloss, leveling)
further broadening of application window („robustness“)
Lower cost / higher productivity
Low bake (< 120°C?)
Elimination of Primer Surfacer layer in „Compact Paint processes“
42
Only solventbased (s/b) chemistry till mid 1990s
All German OEM‘s meanwhile use w/b Basecoat
Today w/b Basecoat is „state of the art“ but still a high amount of s/b technology in use (Fiat, Renault, PSA, OEM‘s in US and Asia,……)
Due to steadily increasing legislative pressure in China w/b Basecoat technology is growing much quicker than expected.
45
Basecoat - History
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
World (w/b) World (all)
Mio
Ca
rs
w/b Basecoat in Global Car Production
Application of the Basecoat with ESTA (electrostatic application) by means of high speed bells or for metalic Basecoats ins 2 runs (ESTA / pneumatic gun)
Dry film thickness (DFT) can vary from 10 – 30µm (color dependant!)
Standard baking conditions: 10min/80°C, followed by 20min/145°C (together with Clearcoat)
Due to the huge variety of colors and effects the most sophisticated paint layer of the car. An advanced formulation know how as well as carefull resin selection is key!
48
Basecoat - Basics
Main Requirements for the Basecoat
Excellent appearance (effect, leveling, absolutely NO surface defects)
Excellent adhesion to different Primer Surfacer qualities
Excellent intercoat adhesion to a broad variety of Clearcoats
Excellent humidity resistance
Excellent mechanical properties – tough elastic even at -20°C
Shear & storage stability
Robust in application
…….
......
49
Basecoat - Basics
50
s/b Basecoat w/b Basecoat
Polyester (PUD mod.) PUD, Polyester, Acrylic CAB Thickener Melamine Crosslinker Melamine Crosslinker Pigments Pigments Talcum Talcum Additives Additives Solvents (> 70%) Solvents (~ 10%)
Basecoat – The Coating Composition
Polyurethane dispersion (PUD)
Is providing adhesion, flexibility, appearance (flip flop effect in metallic BC) and stone chip properties. Very important component in the formulation!
Acrylic dispersion
Is providing hardness, physical drying, helps to fix the aluminum pigment and is decreasing overall formulation cost
Melamine resin
Is improving leveling, wetting of Clearcoat, and intercoat adhesion (BC/CC), increase open time of BC
Polyester
Can help to improve levelling, adhesion, flexibility and stone chip properties. Is also used in pigment pastes.
Thickener
Is providing the rheological properties for the BC. Very important in metallic BC to achieve a perfect flip flop effect
Basecoats – The Modular Approach
52
Soft - Segments Hard - Segments
In the synthesis of PU dispersions Polyisocyanates (hard segments) and Polyols (soft segments) are co- reacted in a polyaddition reaction.
OH-Polyester
OH-Alkyd
OH-Polyether
OH- Acrylate
OH- Polycarbonate
Polyisocyanate (TDI, IPDI,
TMXDI...)
Diol
Dimethylolpropionic acid
(Amine)
Structure of PU-Dispersions
53
N N
NO O
O
(CH2)6 OCN
(CH2)6 OCN
(CH2)6O C N
(CH2)6O C N N N N
O O
H H
(CH2)6 OCN
(CH2)6 OCN
O C N
OCN
CH3
CH3
CH3
OCNO C N
(CH2)6O C N N N
O
O
(CH2)6 OCN
(CH2)6O C N OCN
Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)
Isocyanurate
Biuret
Urethdion
Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) Dicyclohexylmethandiisocyanate (Desmodur W)
Aliphatic / Cycloaliphatic
Typical Hard - Segments
54
CH3
OCNO C N
OCN
OCN
OCNO C N
CH3
OCN
OCN Toluylene diisocyanate (TDI)
Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI)
Aromatic
Typical Hard - Segments
55
Soft-Segments Hard-Segments
Co-reacting Soft- and Hard-Segments
Neutralization (amines or strong bases)
Dispersing in water
Chain elongation Chain stopping
Schematic Production Process for PUDs
„ACETONE“ PROCESS 1. Polyaddition (i.e. co- reaction of soft segments with Polyisocyanates and a
hydrophilic acid component) as well as the chain extension step (with Di- oder Polyamines) is run in Acetone (homogeneous phase)
(instead of Acetone solvents like e.g. MEK, MIBK, THF are also suitable)
2. After the neutralization- and dispersion step the Acetone is distilled off
Advantages:
• Very universal • Viscosity during synthesis easy to control
Disadvantages:
• complex and expensive • residual solvent in the resin • Process not sustainable • Unfavorable yield
Different Production Procedures for PUDs
„MELT“ PROCESS
1. Polyaddition (i.e. co- reaction of soft segments with Polyisocyanates and a hydrophilic acid component) is run WITHOUT any solvent (in a melt)
2. A potential chain extension step is run AFTER the neutralization and dispersion step (i.e. in water)
Advantages:
• NO residual solvent • Food yield • No „solvent waste“
Disadvantages:
• Tricky process (very high viscosities) • Process not suitable for all the different PUD- chemistries
Different Production Procedures for PUDs
„SOLVENT“ PROCESS
1. Polyaddition (i.e. co- reaction of soft segments with Polyisocyanates and a hydrophilic acid component) is run WITH solvent (NMP/NEP are the most common ones)
2. A potential chain extension step is run AFTER the neutralization and dispersion step (i.e. in water)
Advantages:
• very universal • viscosity during synthesis easy to control
Disadvantages:
• Resin may contain quite high amounts of solvent • Toxicology and price of NMP / NEP
Different Production Procedures for PUDs
„MONOMER“ PROCESS
1. Polyaddition (i.e. co- reaction of soft segments with Polyisocyanates and a hydrophilic acid component) is run in acrylic monomers (acrylic /methacrylic acid and esters thereof) that act as „solvent“
2. A potential chain extension step is run AFTER the neutralization and dispersion step (i.e. in water)
3. Radical polymerization of the acrylic monomers yields a solvent free, acrylic modified PUD (graft polymer)
Advantages:
• NO residual solvent • Good yield • No „solvent waste“
Disadvantages:
• Smart but tricky process • Only for acrylic modified PUDs (graft polymers)
Different Production Procedures for PUDs
60
Hard - Segment „ net-points“
Soft - Segment flexibility
Soft- and Hard- Segments within the polymer are leading to a „structure of domains“. This special stucture is creating the well known tough-elastic behaviour of PUD based coatings (even at low temperatures!)
Film Morphology
61
O
R NH C NH R N H C O R‘
O
R
Urea Urethane
Urea- as well as Urethane groups have a strong dipole moment. This is causing strong interactions with the surface of substrates excellent adhesion to “difficult substrates” like e.g. plastics Moreover this dipole moment is causing strong intermolecular forces (cohesion) outstanding mechanical properties and elasticity
PU Dispersions – Structure Properties
1. PUD‘s are produced by a polyaddition- reaction of soft segments (OH- group containing pre- polymers) with Polyisocyanates (hard segments) and a hydrophilic acid component
2. The different production procedures for PUD- resins are tricky and complex
3. The majority of the hard segments (Polyisocyanates) as well as many soft segments (OH- Polycarbonates, OH- Polyethers,….) are high price raw materials leading to PUD‘s with elevated price level
4. The achieved properties like • Adhesion to critical substrates • Outstanding mechanical properties • Excellent elasticity and abrasion resistance • Tough elastic behaviour even at low temperatures
make PUD‘s a first choice for Automotive OEM Basecoat applications!
PUD Basics – The „Take Aways“
OH- Polyester OH- Alkyd OH- Polyether OH- Polyacrylate OH- Polycarbonate
Advantage
Very good appearance V. good mech. properties Good body Good substrate penetration Low viscosity Hydrolytic stability Quick drying Outdoor durability Hydrolytic stability Outdoor durability
Disadvantage
Hydrolytic stability Yellowing, outdoor durability Hydrolytic stability Poor light- and thermo stability Stability against oxidants High Price
Soft Segment
PUDs – Soft Segments
PUD‘s with low / medium molecular weight („chain stopped“ grades)
designed for crosslinking with Polyisocyanates or Amino resins
Advantages:
• Good leveling (due to slow physical drying) • Good degassing • Good pigment wetting • Excellent chemical- and solvent resistance properties • Excellent mechanical- and adhesion properties • Can be formulated with little to no solvents
Disadvantages:
• Need crosslinker (Polyisocyanate or Amino resin) • More complicated handling (valid only for 2K formulations) • Potlife (valid only for 2K formulations) • Price (expensive Polyisocyanate)
PUDs – The Molecular Weight
PUDs with high / very high molecular weight („chain extended“ grades) Designed for 1-pack applications (further crosslinking is possible)
Advantages:
• Quick physical drying • Excellent orientation of metalic pigments (bright metalic effect!) • Outstanding elasticity, adhesion and mechanical properties • No need for crosslinker • Easy handling (1 pack!) • No potlife
Disadvantages:
• Weak pigment wetting • Weak chemical- and solvent resistance properties • Poor leveling (due to quick physical drying) • Should be formulated with solvents
PUDs – The Molecular Weight
SUBSTRATE Plastic Metal
LAYER Primer Basecoat Monocoat Primer Surfacer Basecoat
MAIN BENEFIT Adhesion, mech. properties Adhesion, metalic effect, mech. properties Adhesion, stone chip properties Adhesion, metalic effect, mech. properties
PUDs – Preferred Fields of Application
Completely eliminate NMP/NEP from recipes (change in legislation)
„Lower cost“
Further improved robustness i.e. stable color position regardless of humidity / temperature conditions, spraying conditions, type of Clearcoat, substrate,…….
New color effects
Bell / bell application
Current Trends in the Base Coat Area
Till 2010 the Clearcoat layer was the one with the broadest diversification. Following technologies were in use:
Technology In use at s/b 1K- Clearcoat Fiat, Peugeot, Renault,… (Melamine crosslinked)
s/b 1K- Clearcoat Toyota and other Japanese OEM‘s (Carboxy – Epoxy technology)
s/b 2K- Clearcoat VW, Audi, Mercedes, BMW,……. (Polyisocyanate crosslinked)
w/b 1K- Clearcoat Opel (Eisenach plant only), Mercedes (Melamine crosslinked) (Rastatt plant only)
Powder Clearcoat BMW (ONLY!!)
OEM Clearcoats – Technology Overview
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Europe Eastern&Central
E.
Americas Japan Asia
w/b 1K s/b 2K s/b Carboxy-Epoxy Powder
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Europe Eastern&Central
E.
Americas Japan Asia
w/b 1K s/b 2K s/b Carboxy-Epoxy Powder
CLEAR COAT
Europe 2004
Middle/East/Central EU2004
Americas 2004
Japan 2004
Asia 2004 (Outside JP)
WB 1.7%
1K Melamine
70.0% 80% 60% 21% 58%
2K 26.7% 20% 15% 30% 16%
1K_Acidcarboxy
25% 49% 26%
Powder 1.6%
100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
CLEAR COAT
Europe 2010
Middle/East/Central
Europe 2010
Americas 2010
Japan 2010
Asia 2010 (Outside JP)
WB 4%
1K Melamine
54% 80% 57% 21% 62%
2K 38% 20% 15% 30% 14%
1K_Acidcarboxy
27% 49% 24%
Powder 4.6% 0.5% 0.3%
100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Technology Segmentation Clearcoat: Development from 2004 to 2010
Since 2010 a steady consolidation of Clearcoat technologies is ongoing: w/b 1K Clearcoat stopped at Opel Eisenach and Mercedes Rastatt ->
switch to s/b Clearcoat!
BMW stopped powder Clearcoat -> switch to s/b 2K Clearcoat
s/b 2K Clearcoat is increasing, but worldwide s/b 1K Clercoat still has a share of approx. 80%
OEM Clearcoats – Technology Overview
Application of the Clearcoat with ESTA (electrostatic application) by means of high speed bells
Dry film thickness (DFT) in the range from 50 – 60µm
Standard baking conditions: 20min/145°C
The paint layer where majority of final properties is provided by the resin technology. Carefull resin selection is key!
74
Clearcoats – Basics
Main Requirements for the Clearcoat
PREMIUM Appearance (gloss, leveling, absolutely NO surface defects)
Excellent adhesion to different Basecoat qualities
Excellent outdoor durability, no yellowing
Excellent humidity resistance
Excellent mechanical properties – tough elastic even at -20°C
Excellent chemical resistance (solvents, chemicals, acids, …….)
Excellent scratch resistance (carwash!!)
Robust in application
Easy to repair by sanding or polishing
......
75
Clearcoats – Basics
Basic components Properties
Acrylic resin Outdoor durability, chemical
resistance and hardness
Polyester resin Body, leveling, adhesion, scratch
resistance, outdoor durability
Sca mod. resins Antisagging and good flow/aspect
Melamine Crosslinker
Blocked Isocyanate Flexibility, chemical resistance
Catalyst Reactivity (if necessary)
s/b 1K Clearcoats
Basic components Properties
Acrylic resin Outdoor durability, chemical
resistance and hardness
Polyester resin Body, leveling, adhesion, scratch resistance, outdoor durability
Sca mod. resins Antisagging and good flow/aspect
Polyisocyanate Crosslinker
Melamine resin Additional crosslinking
s/b 2K Clearcoats
Technology
s/b 1K (Melamine)
s/b 2K (Polyisocyanate)
PROS
Price Robustness Scratch resistance Easy handling (no 2K equipment!)
CONS Formaldehyde release Acid- / chemical resistance Film build Appearance , gloss not for compact process 2K equipment needed Price Scratch resistance
No Formaldehyde issue Acid- / chemical resistance Film build Appearance Gloss Suitable for compact process
OEM Clearcoats – Technology Comparison
Appearance, appearance, appearance
„Lower cost“
Further improved robustness (less rework!)
Improved scratch resistance
Higher solids content (due to more stringent legislation)
Current Trends for the Clearcoat
Contact Details:
Dr. Ulrike KUTTLER
Global Application Technology Manager, Automotive
Ulrike.Kuttler@allnex.com
Phone: +43 50399 1302
Disclaimer: Allnex Group companies (“Allnex”) decline any liability with respect to the use made by anyone of the information contained herein. The information contained herein represents Allnex's best knowledge thereon without constituting any express or implied guarantee or warranty of any kind (including, but not limited to, regarding the accuracy, the completeness or relevance of the data set out herein). Nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring any license or right under any patent or other intellectual property rights of Allnex or of any third party.
The information relating to the products is given for information purposes only. No guarantee or warranty is provided that the product and/or information is adapted for any specific use, performance or result and that product and/or information do not infringe any Allnex and/or third party intellectual property rights. The user should perform its own tests to determine the suitability for a particular purpose. The final choice of use of a product and/or information as well as the investigation of any possible violation of intellectual property rights of Allnex and/or third parties remains the sole responsibility of the user.
Notice: Trademarks indicated with the ®, ™ or * are registered, unregistered or pending trademarks of Allnex Belgium SA or its directly or indirectly affiliated Allnex Group companies.
© 2013 Allnex Belgium SA. All Rights Reserved
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