Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 1 Systems Investigation and Analysis Chapter 12

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Systems Investigation and Analysis

Chapter 12

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Chapter 12 Outline

• An Overview of Systems Development

• Systems Development Life Cycles

• Factors Affecting Systems Development Success

• Systems Investigation

• Systems Analysis

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An Overview of Systems Development

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Participants in Systems Development

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Initiating Systems Development

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Information Systems Planning

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Aligning Corporate and IS Goals

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Developing a Competitive Advantage

• Creative analysis

• Critical analysis– Going beyond automating manual systems– Question assumptions– Identify and resolve conflicting objectives

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Establishing Objectives for Systems Development

• Performance objectives– Output quality or usefulness– Output format quality or usefulness– Speed at which output is produced

• Cost objectives– Development costs– Fixed investments– Ongoing operating costs– Uniqueness costs

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Systems Development and E-Commerce

• Internet technology - enables companies to extend their information systems beyond their boundaries to reach their customers, suppliers, and partners.

• Dynamic Core Business Application that

runs over the Web - must be reliable and fault tolerant, providing continuous availability while processing all transactions accurately.

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Trends in Systems Development and ERP

• ERP vendor as one-stop provider• Applications to integrate with ERP systems• External consulting

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Systems Development Life Cycles

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Factors Affecting Systems Development Success

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Systems Development Life Cycles

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The Traditional Systems DevelopmentLife Cycle

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Traditional SDLC

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Prototyping

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Prototyping

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Prototyping

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Rapid Application Development (RAD)

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Reasons for Outsourcing

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Factors Affecting Systems Development Success

• Degree of Change– Continuous Improvement versus Reengineering– Managing change

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Factors Affecting SystemsDevelopment Success

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Quality and Standards

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The Capability Maturity Model (CMM)

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Project Management

• Project schedule• Project milestone• Project deadline• Critical path

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Use of Project Management Tools

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Use of Project Management Tools

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Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) Tools

Automate many of the tasks required in a systems development effort and enforce adherence to the SDLC, thus instilling a high degree of rigor and standardization to the entire systems development process

• Upper-CASE tools - CASE packages that focus on activities associated with the early stages of systems development.

• Lower-CASE tools - focus on the later stages of systems development and are capable of automatically generating structured program code.

• Integrated-CASE tools - provide links between upper- and lower-CASE packages.

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CASE Tools

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Object-Oriented Systems Development

Object-oriented systems development typically involves: • Identifying potential problems and opportunities within the

organization that would be appropriate for the OO approach

• Defining the kind of system users require

• Designing the system

• Programming or modifying modules

• Evaluation by users

• Periodic review and modification

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Systems Investigation

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Systems Investigation

In general, systems investigation attempts to uncover answers to the following questions:

– What primary problems might a new or enhanced system solve?– What opportunities might a new or enhanced system provide?– What new hardware, software, databases, telecommunications,

personnel, or procedures will improve an existing system or are required in a new system?

– What are the potential costs (variable and fixed)?– What are the associated risks?

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Participants in Systems Investigation

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Feasibility Analysis

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Sample Net Present Value Calculation

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Object-Oriented Systems Investigation

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The Systems Investigation Report

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Systems Analysis

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Identifying Sources of Data

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Collecting Data

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Data Analysis

• Data modeling• Activity modeling• Application flowcharts• Grid charts• CASE tools

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Data and Activity Modeling

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Application Flowcharts

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Grid Charts

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Requirements Analysis

• Asking directly• Critical success factors (CSFs)• The IS plan• Screen and report layout

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The IS Plan

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Screen and Report Layout

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Object-Oriented Systems Analysis

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The Systems Analysis Report

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Summary

• Systems development team - of stakeholders, users, managers, systems development specialists, and various support personnel

• Five phases of the traditional SDLC - investigation, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance and review

• Systems investigation participants - stakeholders, users, managers, employees, analysts, and programmers

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Principles and Learning Objectives• Effective systems development requires a team effort

of stakeholders, users, managers, systems development specialists, and various support personnel, and it starts with careful planning.

– Identify the key participants in the systems development process and discuss their roles.

– Define the term information systems planning and list several reasons for initiating a systems project.

– Identify important system performance requirements for applications that run on the Internet or a corporate intranet or extranet.

– Discuss three trends that illustrate the impact of enterprise resource planning software packages on systems development.

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Principles and Learning Objectives

• Systems development often uses tools to select, implement, and monitor projects, including net present value (NPV), prototyping, rapid application development, CASE tools, and object-oriented development.

– Discuss the key features, advantages, and disadvantages of the traditional, prototyping, rapid application development, and end-user systems development life cycles.

– Identify several factors that influence the success or failure of a systems development project.

– Discuss the use of CASE tools and the object-oriented approach to systems development.

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Principles and Learning Objectives

• Systems development starts with investigation and analysis of existing systems.

– State the purpose of systems investigation.

– Discuss the importance of performance and cost objectives.

– State the purpose of systems analysis and discuss some of the tools and techniques used in this phase of systems development.

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End of Chapter 12