Production of High Temperature Superconducting Tapes ... · - Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) -...

Moving towards the future of

power engineering

Production of High Temperature Superconducting Tapes Enhanced by Computational Thermochemistry GTT-Technologies Workshop, June 29th-July 1st , 2016

Martina Falter

Deutsche Nanoschicht GmbH

Heisenbergstr. 16

53359 Rheinbach

outlook

Deutsche Nanoschicht

Superconductivity

2G HTS tapes

Expanded Pilot Production Line

Project ELSA

summary

- Founded November 2011 by Dr. Michael Bäcker

- Management-buy-out of former HTS wire group of insolvent Zenergy Power GmbH

- Located in Rheinbach, Germany

- Operational since January 2012

- 50 employees (chemists, physisists, enigneers, technicians, worker)

- Expertise in HTS wires, chemical solution deposition, ceramic functional layers, ink-jet-printing, epitaxial growth

- BASF Future Business GmbH involved as strategic partner

Proprietary and confidential 3

Superconductors – Huge Current Carrying Capability

Breaking paradims in electro technology

Superconductors conduct electricity with no resistance – enabling 2 key properties:

- 100% Efficiency : No losses – resulting in a dramatic reduction on CO2

- 100x Capacity : Dramatic reduction in material use

Proprietary [5]

Sector Application End Products

Renewable Energy

Power Generation

Hydro, Wind

Smart Grid Transmission & Distribution Fault Current Limiters

Industrial Machines Power Conversion Induction Heater

3 Energy Sectors

outlook

Superconductivity

– High Temperature Superconductors (HTS)

– Anisotropy and critical parameters

2G HTS tapes

Project ELSA

summary

YBa2Cu3O7-

Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8

Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10

TlBa2Ca2Cu3O10

HgBa2Ca2Cu3O10

Bi-2212

Bi-2223

Tl-1223

compound TC (K)

commercial

potential

Ba-La-Cu-O

compound: J.

G. Bednorz, K. A.

Müller, Z. Physik, B

64 (1986) 189

Ba-La-Cu-O

High Temperature Superconductors

- Challenges in materials

Complex ceramic oxides: YBa2Cu3Ox

Complex layered cristalline structure

Strong anisotropic behaviour

Superconducting current: parallel CuO-planes >> perpendicular CuO-planes

Layered microstructure similar to “graphite or mica”

E: CuO planes

JII >> J

JII: current parallel to CuO plane

J: current perpendicular to CuO plane

Polycrystalline, non orientated

all CuO planes have to be

parallel orientated

Anisotropy in HTS materials

Second Generation (2G) HTS

- HTS Architecture – textured epitactic crystal growth

Statistically oriented crystals template

Hochorientierte kristalline Schicht

Zweite Generation (2G) HTS Leiter

- HTS Architecture – textured epitactic crystal growth

AFM–analysrs of a Ceriumoxide buffer layer

High Temperature Superconductors

- Critical parameters

outlook

Superconductivity

2G HTS tapes

Project ELSA

summary

Protective metal layer:

silver, gold, copper

Superconductor layer:

YBa2Cu3Ox ,REBa2Cu3Ox

Buffer layer:

MgO, ZrO, GZO, YSZ, Y2O3, CeO2, LZO,

Metal alloy substrate:

Hastelloy, NiCroFer, Ni-alloy

Layer architecture of (2G) HTS tape

Proprietary and confidential

Deposition Processes

- Chemical solution deposition (CSD)

- Chemical vapour deposition (CVD)

- Physical vapour deposition (PVD)

CSD / MOD

evaporation deposition

evaporation decomposition +

deposition

deposition +

drying

decomposition +

crystallisation

Layer architecture of (2G) HTS tape

Process Technology

- Ceramic multi-layer architecture on metallic substrate

Epitaxial (orientated) growth of ceramic functional layers on textured metallic substrate

CSD process for both buffer and HTS

"all-solution" Coated Conductor

- Chemical solution deposition is considered to be the "most promising and most challenging process"

- Advantages:

- highest throughput (deposition rates)

- lowest investment

- lowest energy consumption

- low raw material costs

– Main disadvantage:

CSD processes only yield polycrystalline /

untextured films

Enhancement by Computational

Thermochemistry

3.9 Å 3.9 Å

3.5 Å 3.5 Å

SrTiO3 film SrTiO3 film

Ni substrate Ni substrate

Biaxially aligned substrate forces an epitaxial growth of the subsequent deposited layers

Standard architecture for all-solution Coated Conductor at Deutsche Nanoschicht

CSD processes normally result in untextured growth

biaxially textured substrate required

Buffer layers for

• texture transfer

• Nickel & Oxygen diffusion barrier

Special requirements for CSD processes:

• chemically inert

• low lattice mismatch

HTS layer:

• TFA YBCO route

• single or multi-layer deposition

Standard architecture for all-solution Coated Conductor

Metallic substrate

- Ni-5at%W, 0.06x10mm²

- cold deformation > 95% and subsequent annealing

- yield highly textured metal tape with average tilt angle of crystals < 5°

cold deformation annealing slitting

Basic processes

Coating solution La-, Zr-, Ce-acetylacetonates in propionic acid

Drying 200°C, air

Crystallization 1000°C, N2/H2

Buffer layers

Basic processes

Coating solution

Y-, Ba-, Cu-trifluoroacetates

in Methanol/Triethanolamine

Drying

Crystallization

Superconducting layer

Oxygenation

Basic processes

NiW 1x LZO 2x LZO CeO2

View along <100>

Texture analysis: RHEED

Length & Performance

Continuous processing: reel-to-reel devices

- >15 continuous processes / reel-to-reel devices

- RTR concept proven for all processes

All devices in-house designed and assembled

Ink-jet printing of coating solutions

Slot die of coating solutions

Processing of all-solution Coated Conductor

NiW Continuously processed

multi-buffer-layer

Expanded pilot line

- EPL construction until end 2015

- Planned capacity > 200km technical HTS wire

- Start sampling for projects mid 2016

Lab processing Expanded Pilot Line

Process Technology

- Chemical solution deposition

Advantages:

• highest throughput (deposition rates)

• lowest investment

• lowest energy consumption

• low raw material costs

favourable for energy applications

Continuous coating and annealing

100 m tape length, 10 mm wide

Current density 1.7 MA/cm2

Superconducting properties of all-solution Coated Conductor

Performance

- Development with industrial partners over nearly 10 years

- Sample lengths increased from 5m (2018) towards >50m (2015)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Proprietary and confidential

ELSA - "Entwicklung von SupraLeitern mit SchichtArchitektur"

"Development of Superconductors with Layer-Achitecture"

Consortium This work was funded by the German Ministry of Economy (BMWi) under project number 0327433

Project ELSA (2006-2010)

Highlights

Quaternary phase diagram for

Yttrium - Barium - Copper - Oxygen

Project ELSA

Highlights

Oxygen on sub-lattices in YBa2Cu3O(6+x)

Tetragonal

Orthorhombic'

Orthorhombic''

Project ELSA

Y123O6.5 Site occupancy

0.00E+00

1.00E-01

2.00E-01

3.00E-01

4.00E-01

5.00E-01

6.00E-01

7.00E-01

8.00E-01

9.00E-01

1.00E+00

200 400 600 800 1000

Highlights

Full calculation in FactSage

Project ELSA

Highlights Superconducting layer:

Explanation of experimental results

YBa2Cu3O(6+x)

Project ELSA

Local stoichiometry

deviation before crystallization

Project ELSA

Strong tendency to secondary phases

Project ELSA

Higher phase purity by YBa1.5Cu3O(6+x)

starting composition

YBa2Cu3O(6+x)

Development of MOD-based Processing for Low Cost Coated Conductors; T. Izumi; CCA 2009; International Workshop on Coated Conductors for Applications; 2009 Barcelona

Project ELSA

Highlights

layer interaction

Upper limit for p(O2)

Project ELSA

Highlights

layer interaction

Project ELSA

Highlights

layer interaction

lower limit for p(O2)

Project ELSA

YBCO Nucleation at the Interface

Proprietary and confidential 45 BaCeO3 is the most stable phases

Performance

- Development with industrial partners over nearly 10 years

- Sample lengths increased from 5m (2018) towards >50m (2015)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Proprietary and confidential

100 m tape length, 10 mm wide

Current density 1.7 MA/cm2

Superconducting properties of all-solution Coated Conductor

HTS tapes

– HTS materials enable new and highly efficient energy applications

– Chemical solution deposition is considered to be the "most promising and most challenging process" for HTS tapes

– Computational thermochemistry for interpretation of experimental results and for lowering experimental efforts in high temperature crystallization processes

Summary

Moving towards the future of

power engineering

Thanks for your attention

Martina Falter

Heisenbergstr. 16

53359 Rheinbach

www.d-nano.com

Process Technology

Superconducting layer 500-1000nm

Buffer layer

250nm (3 layers)

Textured metallic substrate 60µm

Process Technology

Epitaxial (orientated) growth of ceramic functional layers on textured metallic substrate

Process Technology

- Chemical solution deposition

Process Technology

- Epitaxial growth

Process Technology

- Epitaxial growth

NiW 1x LZO 2x LZO CeO2

View along <100>

WP6 - Characterization of tapes by IEE

torsion-bending capability of D-Nano tape is comparable with SuperPower tape

torsion-bending experiment

0,002 0,003 0,004 0,005 0,006 0,007 0,008

former diameter [m]

SuperPower - 30 deg

SuperPower - 45 deg

SuperPower - 55 deg

SUNAM - 30 deg

SUNAM - 45 deg

SUNAM - 55 deg

D-nano - 30 deg

D-nano - 45 deg

D-nano - 55 deg

Nucleation at the interface

Production of High Temperature Superconducting Tapes ... · - Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) -...

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