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150 years
Certified compostable productsPast and New Developments
Produits compostables certifiésDéveloppements passés et nouveaux
Compost Council of Canada Conference 2015
Conférence 2015, Conseil canadien du compost
Presented by:
Isaul Lopez
Biopolymers Sales & Business Development Canada
150 years
Objectives:
Learn about:
• Sustainability and Composting
• Certified compostable products, market
challenges and guidelines.
• Past and new developments, how they
can help to improve compost quality.
En savoir plus sur:
• Développement durable et compostage
• Produits compostables certifiés, défis du
marché, lignes directrices
• Développements passés et nouveaux,
et comment ils peuvent aider à
améliorer la qualité du compost
150 years
Une réalité incontournable
Plus de consommation mais une seule Terre, neuf
milliards de personnes en 2050
Resources, Environment & ClimateRessources, environnement et climat
Food & NutritionAliments et nutrition
Quality of LifeQualité de vie
Sustainability is more and more important Le développement durable est de plus en plus important
Fundamental Truth
More consumption but only one Earth, nine billion people
by 2050
150 years
Composting = Organics Recycling
Compostage = recyclage de matières organiques
Certified
Compostable
products
150 years
Source: JRC (2011) Supporting Environmentally Sound Decisions for Bio-Waste Management.
A practical guide to Life Cycle Thinking (LCT) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) ISBN 978-92-79-21019-8
CLOSED-LOOP SYSTEM
OPEN-LOOP SYSTEM
Waste hierarchy applied to organic-waste
Hiérarchie des déchets, appliquée aux déchets organiques
150 years
Results of Eco-Efficiency
Analysis showed that
diversion of organic waste
from landfills to composting
results in lower environmental
impacts and has better total
economic value.
Eco-Efficiency Analysis
Evaluates both environmental impacts and total cost
L’analyse de l’écoefficacité évalue à la fois les
répercussions environnementales et le coût total
150 years
Source Separated Collection of Organic Waste Makes Sense
La collecte sélective de déchets organiques, c’est logique
Composting
Source: ROUGH calculations by BASF not third party verified
System boundaries: A person uses a bag to collect 1 kg of organic kitchen waste. If PE bag is used, both waste and the bag are disposed off in landfill or incineration
plant; if ecovio bag is used, organic waste is composted together with the bag.
Assumptions: Incineration of organic kitchen waste is assumed to be without energy recovery (heating value is 3,6 MJ/kg, accepted from the Critical Review Panel on the
EEA study of “2 in 1” bag). Energy recovery by incineration of the PE bag is included but of no relevance. In the composting scenario, it is assumed that fertilizers are
substituted.
Results range: 10% uncertainty
Landfill
Incineration
Composting
Organic kitchen waste
2366 - 2892
1694 - 2070
390 - 477
Greenhouse gas emissions in
CO2 equivalents from 1kg
organic kitchen waste [grams]
150 years
Certified Compostable products act as carrying media for organic
waste and increase diversion, but there are still some barriers to
their acceptance, education and guidelines are needed.
Les produits compostables certifiés agissent comme support
porteur pour les déchets organiques et augmentent le
détournement, mais il y a encore quelques obstacles à leur
acceptation; de l'éducation et des lignes directrices sont requises.
• Confusion between Bio-degradable and Compostable
• Confusion between Bio-based and Compostable
• What is a certified compostable product?
• Would they compost in my facility?
• Can’t differentiate them from non-compostable
Market Challenges
Défis du marché
150 years
Glossary:
Glossaire:
10
Biodegradable (Oxford dictionary): Capable of being decomposed by bacteria or
other living organisms.
Biodegradation (Recyc-Québec): Degradation caused by biological activity, in
particular by enzymatic action causing a significant change in the chemical
structure of a material (BNQ 9011-911 / 2007)
Compostable (Recyc-Québec): Which biodegrades under the action of
microorganisms and is certified according to recognized standards on
compostable products including the Canadian standard CAN / BNQ 0017-088.
Biodégradable (Oxford dictionary): Capable d'être décomposé par des
bactéries ou d'autres organismes vivants.
Biodégradation (Recyc-Québec): Dégradation causée par une activité
biologique, en particulier par une action enzymatique entraînant une modification
significative de la structure chimique d’un matériau (BNQ 9011-911/2007)
Compostable (Recyc-Québec): Qui se biodégrade sous l’action des
microorganismes et qui est certifié selon les normes reconnues sur les produits
compostables, dont la norme canadienne CAN/BNQ 0017-088
150 years
Fossil, Bio-based & Compostable Polymers
Polymères dérivés du pétrole, d’origine biologique et compostables
Not compostable Compostable
Renewable raw materials
Fossil raw materials
PBAT
PBS
PCL
PBAT
PBS
PCL
PLA
PHA‘s
Starch
blends
PE
PP
PVC
Bio-PE
Bio-PA
Bio-PUR
Bio-PP
Bio-PVC
cf: Hans-Josef Endres,
Technische Biopolymere, 2009
(p. 21)
PLA
PHA‘s
Starch
blends
150 years
Certified compostable products:
Produits compostables certifiés:
• Comply to Canadian BNQ (CAN/BNQ 0017-088) and ASTM 6400
Specifications for Certified Compostable Bags and Products
• Biodegrade in aerobic industrial composting process, such is not readily
distinguishable from the other organic materials in the finished compost.
• Have no adverse effect on the ability of the compost to support plant
growth.
• After 84 days no more than 10% of the original dry mass remains after
passing through a 2.0 mm sieve
150 years
Would they compost in my facility?
Seront-ils compostables dans mon site?
14
TEST them (example Ref. BioCycle June 2015, p 51 Cedar Grove):
Certified Compostable products biodegrade in Aerobic composting
process; (windrow, static pile, open and enclosed, etc.) and convert
into CO2, biomass, water. Rate would depend on length and
conditions of the active phase Note: inquire with the Certified Compostable
Committee (CCC & MWA) if any test has been done.
Aerobic*: When living organisms that use oxygen feed upon organic matter,
organic material decomposing with oxygen is an "aerobic" process. Carbon
serves as a source of energy for organisms and is burned up and respired as
carbon dioxide (CO2).
*Ref. Whasington State University, whatcom county extension
150 years
Would they compost in my facility?
Seront-ils compostables dans mon site?
15
TEST them cont, certified compostable products:
Do not disturb Dry Anaerobic Digestion process as they biodegrade
at the digestate aerobic composting stage. Note: inquire with the Certified
Compostable Committee (CCC & MWA) if any test has been done.
Anaerobic*: Composting without oxygen results in fermentation. This causes
organic compounds to break down by the action of living anaerobic organisms.
Carbon from organic compounds is released mainly as methane gas (CH4).
Intensive reduction of organic matter by putrefaction is usually accompanied by
unpleasant odors.
*Ref. Whasington State University, whatcom county extension
150 years
ecovio® Based Bags in AD Facilities
Sacs à base d’ecovioMD dans des sites de DA
16
DRY AD “plug flow plant ” “wet plant”
Organic waste and
ecovio productsOrganic waste and
ecovio products
Biogasification
plant
Composting
Plant
Farming
Biogasification
plant
Farming
SortingSorting
Landfill
Compostable plastics sorted out
and directly composted
All compostable plastics
are sorted out and
landfilled or incinerated
No composting step
involved and the value
“compostability” cannot
be achieved
DRY AD “box plant”
Biogasification plant
Composting
Plant
Organic waste and
ecovio products
Farming
Organic waste and compostable
plastics both processed in
biogasification plant
150 years
Canada AD and Compost Site Contamination StudyÉtude sur la contamination d’un site de DA et de compostage
au Canada
Joint study with large Canadian DRY AD/Composter
with >3 MM population
Testing of plastic contamination from…
Post AD, Feedstock, Overs, Finished product, turned windrows
Reference PBAT, PHA samples provided by BASF
~ 50 samples collected by site management and tested by
independent laboratory to identify the plastic material
Results (2 reference samples)
PE, PBAT found in Post AD sampling (2 samples)
PE, PBAT found in feedstock samples (7)
PE, PP found in Overs samples (14)
PE, PP found in finished product samples (12)
PE found in turned windrow samples (12)
17
Outcome – no compostable material found at end of composting process despite being present at the input.
150 years
“Can’t differentiate them from other bags”
Action & Collaboration needed from Stakeholders
«On ne peut pas les différencier des autres sacs»
Action et collaboration nécessaires des parties prenantes
18
Suggested differentiation for certified compostable bags
• Translucent clear or greenish tint bag to allow content to
be seen through
• With Prominent BNQ &/or BPI certification logo, (or
repeated BNQ&/or BPI logos) for easy recognition &
differentiation by consumers, haulers, composters.
150 years
19
“Can’t differentiate them from others”
Action & Collaboration needed from Stakeholders
«On ne peut pas les différencier des autres»
Action et collaboration nécessaires des parties prenantes
Working group, Certified Compostable Committee
(CCC+MWA) on guidelines on labelling and differentiation
of certified compostable products vs. non-certified
Would need regulation reinforcement on unsubstantiated
biodegradable claims according to National Standard of
Canada CAN/CSA-ISO 14021 “Self Declared Environmental
Claims and Labels
150 years
BASF’s View of the Future Canadian Compost Market
Vision prospective du marché canadien du compostage, selon
BASF
• Growth in SSO. Residential,
ICI, and at Home.
• More compostable consumer
packaging in the market
• Value of compost going higher
• Growth in Ag applications
• Growth in Biogas +
composting
• Croissance des matières
organiques séparées à la source
(construction industrielle et
résidentielle, à la maison)
• Plus d’emballages
compostables sur le marché
• Hausse de la valeur du compost
• Croissance des applications
agro
• Croissance des biogaz et du
compostage
22
150 years
Mulch Film
ecovio® for Certified Compostable Products
ecovioMD pour produits compostables certifiés
2 in 1 shopping bags Paper Coating
Organics Waste
Can Liners
Fruit & vegetable bag
& NettingCoffee packaging
Coffee packaging
150 years
• Translucent to view contents
• Bag breathes, allows oxygen (O2) in and permits water vapor to leave the bag
reducing moisture content up to 25% - 50% in five days - reducing
odorous anaerobic conditions
• Weather resistant
• Act as carrying media for organic waste, make the collection cleaner,
safer, easier, and increase participation rate, by minimizing
contact with organic waste, reducing odors, and controlling insect
infestation.
• Recognized with CAN/BNQ & BPI “Mark of Certification” at curb from other
plastic bags
• Can be treated the same as organic contents for efficiency in feedstock
preparation
• Help reduce plastic contamination in compost
ecovio® Based Certified Compostable Bags
Sacs compostables certifiés à base d’ecovioMD
150 years
Multi-Res, Pilot Study, San Francisco
Projet pilote : immeubles d’habitation, San Francisco
25
150 years
Multi-Res, Pilot Study, San Francisco
Projet pilote : immeubles d’habitation, San Francisco
26
150 years
Packaging Application; coffee
Application : conditionnement du café
27
Challenge:Coffee packaging is often made of different
materials/structures, including multi-layers of different
plastics, that hold or are in contact with coffee. They
end up in landfill as they are difficult to recycle and
separate from the organic residue. The larger part of a
used coffee pod is water and coffee, the smaller being
the packaging itself.
Alternative:A Compostable coffee packaging that can be diverted
from landfill.
BenefitsWaste Reduction, reduction of greenhouse gases into
the atmosphere, resource creation and product
stewardship by ending the pods lifecycle.
Coffee capsules made of ecovio®
Swiss Coffee Company with beanarella
winner of the golden „IDEE SUISSE AWARD 2013“
150 years
Agricultural application; mulch film
Application agricole : paillis
28
Challenge: PE mulch film, is used in farming for
weed and irrigation water control. PE film breaks into
pieces over time which contaminates the soil and
must be removed and disposed after harvest.
Alternative:A biodegradable mulch film made with ecovio® offers
a sustainable replacement for traditional PE mulch
film, The biodegradable mulch film degrades
naturally into the soil after harvest when tilted under.
Benefits:Decreased labour and disposal costs
Prevents soil plastic contamination
Decreased use of irrigation water
Waste reduction as film is soil bio-degradable
150 years
Certified compostable products can help
reduce contamination of compost.
Les produits compostables certifiés peuvent
aider à réduire la contamination du compost.
29
• Fruit stickers, bread tags, straws… could be certified
compostable…if demand is present
Who supplies them? Google search
• Fruit sticker;
Sinclair Systems International LLC http://www.sinclair-intl.com introduced a
compostable fruit label. Doug Ohlemeier October 15, 2012
• Bread tags; Google search, no compostable bread tag found
Kwik Lok Corporation, http://www.kwiklok.com/
• Straws; Earth Straws, EcoProducts
http://www.earthstraws.com/,
http://www.ecoproducts.com/compostable_straws.html
150 years
Conclusions
1. Organics diversion from landfill is sustainable.
2. The use of certified compostable bags increase participation rate
because it makes the process of organics residuals recycling cleaner,
safer, easier.
3. Compostable products should be certified by the Bureau de
normalisation du Québec (BNQ) &/or BPI, and should display the BNQ
&/or BPI logo in a manner that is prominent and easily identifiable.
4. The testing done to achieve BNQ &/or BPI certification demonstrates
that they disintegrate during composting and do not result in any
products that are harmful to humans, plants or the environment.
5. More Certified compostable products would enter the market, basic
guidelines for differentiation versus non compostable are needed.
6. Testing at North American composting sites shows that certified
compostable products are not contaminants in finished compost
streams.
7. Certified compostable products can help reduce plastic contamination
of compost.
Recommended