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8/7/2019 PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES IN ACHIEVING THE MDGs IN EAST ASIA AND SOUTHEAST ASIA.pdf
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PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES INACHIEVINGTHE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
IN EAST ASIA AND SOUTHEAST ASIA
ESCAPPresentation13July2010,Shanghai
The views expressed in this presentation are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the viewsor policies of the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of
Directors, or the governments they represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included inthis paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may notnecessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.
Syed
Nuruzzaman
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Progress in achieving the MDGs with afocus on education, health and environment.
Key Challenges and Options: The bigPicture
Key Challenges and Options: Some
Sectoral Perspectives
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Region as a whole has achieved or is achieving
some targets but not others
Disparities across sub-regions and countries in
progress towards achieving the goals
Disparities within countries
New challenges posed by economic crisis
Uneven and mixed progress
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Impressive regional progress
Asia-Pacific as a whole has achieved
targets in:Halving proportion of people without access to safedrinking water
Reducing gender disparities in primary & tertiary
educationStopping the spread of HIV & AIDS, TB
and is on track to:Halve extreme poverty (by $1.25-a-day poverty line)Provide universal access to primary schoolAchieve gender parity in secondary education
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Large scale deprivation remains
Asia-Pacific is home to:
1.3 billion rural population without basic sanitation (or over 70% of
worlds total rural population)98 million children under 5 years suffering from malnutrition(equivalent to 70% of worlds children under-five)
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East and North-East Asia, proportion ofreported indicators for which countries are
off track
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Uneven progress across sub-regions
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AP 94 percent of children enrolled in primary education
East Asia will reach the goal of universal education by 2015
New & Innovative ways - Mongolia's tent schools
However, trends have been mixed for primary education
- In East Asia, enrolment rates went down since 1990- In South-East Asia, an initial decline in 1990s was
followed by marginal increase
Achieving Universal PrimaryEducation
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Maternal mortality ratios
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South-East Asia, proportion of reported
indicators of which countries are off track
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Ratio of under-five mortality rates, girls to boysRatio of under-five mortality rates, girls to boys
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Under-5 Child morality by wealth
quintile, selected countries
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Relationship between a motherseducation and child survival
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Under-five mortality rural-urban ratesselected countries
Under-five mortality rural-urban ratesselected countries
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Under-5 mortality is consistently higher among mothers who
did not finish primary schooling across countries
Less-educated mothers, higher child
mortality
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Asia and the Pacific as a whole poor record
In East Asia, growth brought rapid increase in CO2emission from 2.9 billion metric tons 1990 to 6.1 billionmetric tons in 2005
Largest CO2 emission per unit of GDP
Over the same period, CO2 emission tripled inSoutheast Asia from 0.4 to 1.2 billion metric tons
However, per capita emission still much lower than thatof in developed countries
Environmental Sustainability
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In Southeast Asia, coverage increased from 50% in 1990to 67% in 2006
In Southeast Asia, population without access tosanitation came down to 219 million in 1990 to 187 in2006
156 million people gained access, making it possible forSEA to reach 2015 target
In 4 of the 11 SEA countries, coverage is less than 60percent
In EA, access to safe drinking water and sanitation ishigh except in Mongolia and DPRK
Sanitation facilities
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In SEA, access to drinking water went up from 73% in 1990 to 86%in 2006, yielding an additional 165 million people
Number of people without access fell by 41 million from 119 millionto 78 million
Was close to reaching the target in 2006
Only 3 countries in SEA had coverage less than 75% In EA, Mongolia is the only country that has 40% of its people
without access to piped water
In rural area, it is only 20%
In China, situation is under stress due to rapid economic growth andurbanization
Desertification is also a huge problem
Safe Drinking Water
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Growth not sufficiently pro-poor: inequality rising
Rebalancing growth in light of post GFC
Sub-national disparities Hunger spots: how to eliminate these?
Gender inequality: unfinished agenda e.g. representation in policymaking
Huge gap in secondary education: not conducive to creating aknowledge economy
Serious environmental stress: greening growth
Huge infrastructural weaknesses in LDCs and LLDCs
Service Delivery: needs a comprehensive approach
Social protection: extremely patchy
Weak agency: state and non-state actors
Key Challenges and Options:
The Big Picture
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Universal Primary Education
Financing gap
Policy and planning Data gaps
Capacity strengthening
Integrated approaches
Key Challenges and Options:
Some Sectoral Perspectives
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Health
Health Systems strengthening: policy environment,financing, elimination of user fees, HRD
Integration and synergy across MDGs
Continuum of care
Addressing the underlying social determinants
Prioritize regions and social groups
Partnerships
Community-based care and involvement
Access to health information
Social Health Protection
Key Challenges and Options: Some
Sectoral Perspectives (contd)
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Environmental Sustainability: CO2, Water and
Sanitation
Positive economic incentives in reducing CO2 emission:
REDD mechanism Reliable and affordable energy
Promoting energy efficiency
Financing gaps
Climate change: a new development paradigm
Key Challenges and Options: Some
Sectoral Perspectives (contd)
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Improved drinking water Going beyond urban sector and involving the private sector
Harnessing the power of partnerships: global initiatives andpartnerships
Pay greater attention to institutional and governance issues
Addressing the critical gaps Reaching the unserved population in rural areas
Water quality, reliability and increased piped connections
Reverse decreasing coverage in urban areas
Financing
Greater private investment to off-track countries
Better knowledge of all water expenditures
Key Challenges and Options: SomeSectoral Perspectives (contd)
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Sanitation Scaling up demand driven approaches
Behaviour interventions
Create customer awareness, knowledge andunderstanding to increase uptake of latrine building and
use Develop capacity of new sanitation industry
Allow private sector participation
Public-private-NGO partnerships Better inter-ministerial coordination
Political will
Key Challenges and Options: Some
Sectoral Perspectives (contd)
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Thank you.
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