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The Construction Specifications Institute
Audio Presentation
Session 1
FUNDAMENTALS
Project Delivery
Education ProgramConstruction Document Technology (CDT)
Preparatory Course2011
1www.csinet.org
This presentation is protected by US and International copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of this presentation without written permission of the speaker and The Construction Specifications Institute is prohibited.
© The Construction Specifications Institute 2011
The Construction Specifications Institute is a Registered Provider with The AmericanInstitute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion ofthis program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates ofCompletion for non-AIA members available on request.
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education.As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be anapproval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method ormanner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed atthe conclusion of this presentation.
AIA
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The Construction Specifications Institute
Learning Objectives• To understand the composition and responsibilities of four Project
Teams who come together as a single Team.
• To gain an insight into the definitions of the various stages of the life cycle of a facility, the activities and documents produced during each stage, and team member responsibilities.
• To introduce the basic relationship between drawings and specifications and to emphasize the importance of coordination.
• To introduce the basic structure of OmniClassTM, UniFormatTM, and MasterFormatTM and the primary ways in which they are utilized in construction documents.
• To understand the basic concepts of the environmental impact of buildings, sustainability, GreenFormatTM, and green building.
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The Construction Specifications Institute
Session OutlineSTUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - FUNDAMENTALS
4
A. Job roles and responsibilities of the four Project Teams
B. Factors that contribute to an effective team
C.Stages of Facility Life Cycle with associated activities and documents
D.Project stages with associated activities and documents
E. OmniClassTM
F. UniFormatTM
G.MasterFormatTM
H.4 C’s of communication
I. Legal interpretations and/or conflicts of Contract Documents
J. GreenFormatTM
K. Sustainability/Green Building
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The Construction Specifications Institute 5
FUNDAMENTALSSTUDY GUIDE AREA NO. 1
The Construction Specifications Institute
JOB ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE
FOUR PROJECT TEAMSSTUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - A.
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Stakeholders and Participants• Design and construction merges
• Collective– Needs
– Ideas
– Talents
– Knowledge
– Services
• Widely diverse group– Individuals
– Organizations
• Specialized services
Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.1 7
Stakeholders• Individuals or organizations• Major Project involvement• Interests positively or negatively affected by the constructed facility
– Investment– Operational– Reputation– Example: stockholders
owner
Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.1 8
5
Participants• Individuals or organizations• Minor Project involvement• Interests not affected
by the constructed facility – Example: Product representative
or Authority Having Jurisdiction
Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.1 9
Project Team Composition• Owner Team
• Design Team
• Contractor Team
• Supplier Team
10Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.1
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Owner TeamResponsibilities
• Initiates Project
• Assumes risk
• Provides funding
• Controls, manages, approves
• Occupies facility
Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.2 11
Owner TeamProject Types
Public• Funding from taxation
– Federal
– State
– County
– City
– Town
– Other Authorities
Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 12
Private• Funding not from taxation
– Individuals
– Businesses
– Developers
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Owner TeamAdvisors
• Financial institutions
• Attorneys
• Insurance companies
Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.2.3 13
• Real estate agents
• Appraisers
• Marketing companies
Owner TeamOwner’s Consultants
• Surveyors
• Environmental engineers
• Geotechnical engineers
• Hazardous materials / abatement
• Traffic engineers
• Sustainability
• Wetland biologists
• Wildlife biologists
Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.2.4 14
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Owner TeamOthers
• Occupants– Facility manager
– Facility users
– Visitors
• Utility service providers
• Authorities Having Jurisdiction
Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.2.5 through 2.2.7 15
Design TeamResponsibilities
• Transforming Owner’s vision and requirements into a design and construction documentation
• Includes multiple design disciplines
• Specialized design services and expertise
Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.3 16
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Design TeamArchitect
• Principal-in-Charge
• Project Manager
• Programmer
• Project Designer
• Interior Designer
• Project Captain
• Drafter
• Specifier
• Construction Administrator
Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.3.1 17
Design TeamEngineers and Consultants
• Civil Engineer
• Structural Engineer
• Mechanical Engineer
• Electrical Engineer
• Plumbing Engineer
• Landscape Architect
• Fire Protection Engineer
• Exterior Enclosure Consultant
• Roofing and Waterproofing Consultant
• Cost Estimator
Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.3.2 thru 2.3.11 18
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Design TeamEngineers and Consultants
• Code Consultant
• Sustainability Consultant
• Commissioning Consultant
• Food Service Consultant
• Parking Consultant
• Acoustical Consultant
• Lighting Design Consultant
• Building Transportation Consultant
• Swimming Pool, Fountain, and Water Feature Consultant
• Building Maintenance Equipment Consultant
Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.3.12 thru 2.3.21 19
Contractor TeamResponsibilities
• Transforms construction documentation into a finished facility– Cost estimating
– Time scheduling
– Contracting
– Procurement (Bidding, Negotiating, Purchasing)
– Management of construction
Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.4 20
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Contractor TeamRoles
• Contractor– Principal-in-Charge
– Project Manager
– Estimators
– Supervisors
– Accountants
– Layout Technician
– Safety Director
– Sustainability Consultant
• Subcontractor
Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.4.1 and 2.4.2 21
Supplier TeamResponsibilities
• Furnishes materials and products necessary to construct Project– Manufacturer
– Distributor
– Supplier
– Fabricator
Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.5 22
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Supplier TeamForms of Representation
• Manufacturer’s employees– Sales
– Marketing
– Technical
• Independent sales representation
Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.5.1 23
Supplier TeamAssets
• Dual nature of representation– Consultant
– Sales
• Valuable to Owner, Design, and Contractor Teams
Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.5.2 24
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The Construction Specifications Institute
FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO AN
EFFECTIVE TEAMSTUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - B.
25
When is a Project Team Effective?• Participants and stakeholders work toward mutual goals
• Project delivered on time and in budget
• Satisfied Owner• I would add: and everyone else.
Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.7 26
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Partnering and Collaboration• Partnering (proactive problem solving)
– Concept of team building
– Helps ensure cooperative efforts
– Priorities and goals set
– Attempts to make participants and stakeholders into partners
• Collaboration – Individuals working as a team
27Project Delivery Practice Guide: 2.7
Benefits of Working as a Team• Better communications and coordination
• Understand extent of contractual rights and responsibilities and effectively and ethically perform
• Work fairly, efficiently, and swiftly to solve problems through communications
• Increased productivity
• Reduced Project costs
• Earlier Project completion
• Improved Project Team morale
• Fewer claims and delays
28Project Delivery Practice Guide: 13.2.1.1
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Obstacles to Working as a Team• Adversarial relationships and personalities
• Incomplete or inaccurate Contract Documents
• Unreasonable schedule requirements
• Inordinate number of changes
• Labor issues
• Delays in fabrication or delivery
• Poor communications
• Ineffective management
29Project Delivery Practice Guide: 13.2.1.2
Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)Good Example of Effective Team
• Mutual respect
• Mutual benefit and reward
• Collaborative innovation and decision making
• Early involvement of key participants
• Early goal definition
• Intensified planning
• Open communications
• Appropriate technology
• Organization and leadership
30Project Delivery Practice Guide: AIA IPD Guide and 7.3.3
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The Construction Specifications Institute
STAGES OF FACILITY LIFE CYCLEWITH ASSOCIATED ACTIVITIES
AND DOCUMENTSSTUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - C.
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Facility Life Cycle
32Project Delivery Practice Guide: 3.4 and Figure 3.1
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Facility Life CycleProject Conception
• Owner identifies need
• Completes planning activities to verify feasibility
• Secures financial resources
• Develops a facility program
• Identifies a site
33Project Delivery Practice Guide: 3.4.1
Facility Life CycleProject Delivery
• Owner determines method to be used
• Assembles a Project Team
34Project Delivery Practice Guide: 3.4.2
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Facility Life CycleDesign
• Project Team evaluates following to seek issues and form design solutions– Preliminary studies
– Collected data
– Program requirements
– Budget
– Schedule
• Project Team prepares and documents– Schematic design and preliminary project descriptions
– Design development and outline specifications
35Project Delivery Practice Guide: 3.4.3
Facility Life CycleConstruction Documents
• A/E Team prepares graphic and written documents– Pricing
– Regulatory approvals
– Construction
36Project Delivery Practice Guide: 3.4.4
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Facility Life CycleProcurement (Bidding/Negotiating/Purchasing)
• Project cost is determined – Prior to
– In conjunction with
– Following construction document development
• Depends on Project Delivery Method selected
37Project Delivery Practice Guide: 3.4.5
Facility Life CycleConstruction
• Project is constructed according to– Contract Documents
– Regulatory requirements
38Project Delivery Practice Guide: 3.4.6
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Facility Life CycleFacility Management
• Facility Manager manages and assumes control
• Facility placed in service
• Operations and maintenance procedures
39Project Delivery Practice Guide: 3.4.7
The Construction Specifications Institute
PROJECT STAGES WITH ASSOCIATED ACTIVITIES
AND DOCUMENTSSTUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - D.
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Distinction between PROJECT and FACILITY
• Project– Process of planning, designing, documenting, procuring, contracting,
and constructing
– Goal of a Project is a facility
– Object of delivery process
– Delivery process itself
• Facility– Completed Project intended for a specific purpose and function
41Project Delivery Practice Guide: 1.5
Quality of each Project is Unique• Quality is a balance between
– Extent (Scope)
– Cost (Budget)
– Time (Schedule)
42Project Delivery Practice Guide: 7.1.2.4 and Figure 7.1
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Design Stage• All projects proceed through following phases of design
Design development
Schematic designConceptual design
43Project Delivery Practice Guide: 3.4 and 8.8
Design StageDesign Variations
• Master planning– Design of multiple projects
– Integrated and complementary functions
– Same or contiguous site
• Prototype design– Single design developed
– Multiple projects
– Different sites
– Consistent identity and purpose
44Project Delivery Practice Guide: 8.8.1
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Design StageConceptual Design
• Not an official “phase”, but is common
• Concept – Representations of abstract object, creatively given – Shape
– Form
– Meaning
• Design – Journey of exploring and defining possibilities and constraints by using critical thinking skills
45Project Delivery Practice Guide: 8.8.2
Design StageConceptual Design Documentation• Drawings of basic
information
• Physical or electronic massing models
• Narrative descriptions
46Project Delivery Practice Guide: 8.8.2
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Design StageSchematic Design
• Site plan and area relationships
• Spatial relationships and functional characteristics
• General size, shape, volume, massing of building elements
• Elevations and exterior finishes
• Basic information about structural and services
47Project Delivery Practice Guide: 8.8.3
Design StageSchematic Design Documentation
• Sketches and drawings in more detail than conceptual documentation
• Physical or electronic models
• Preliminary project descriptions
48Project Delivery Practice Guide: 8.8.3
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Design StageDesign Development
• Size and character fixed
• Technical issues of constructability
• Integration of structural and services
• Definition of– Materials
– Surfaces
– Details
49Project Delivery Practice Guide: 8.8.4
Design StageDesign Development Documentation
• More precise and specific drawings
• Physical or electronic models
• Outline specifications
50Project Delivery Practice Guide: 8.8.4
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Construction Documents Stage
• Depends on Project Delivery Method
• Defines following among parties– Rights
– Responsibilities
– Relationships
• Graphic and written technical information necessary for procurement and construction
51Project Delivery Practice Guide: 11.1.1
Construction Documents StageStandardization
• MasterFormatTM
• SectionFormatTM
• PageFormatTM
• National CADD Standard
• Building Information Modeling
• Standard contracts and forms
by professional organizations
52Project Delivery Practice Guide: 11.1.1
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Construction Documents StageDocumentation
• Drawings
• Specifications
• Procurement requirements
• Contracting requirements
53Project Delivery Practice Guide: 11.1.2 and Figure 11.1
The Construction Specifications Institute
OMNICLASSTM
STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - E.
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OmniClassTM
• Multi-table framework for – Organizing information
– Serving participants who work
– To sustain built environment
– Throughout Facility Life Cycle
• Derived from internationally accepted standards developed by International Organization for Standards (ISO)
55Project Delivery Practice Guide: 11.3.7.1
OmniClassTM
Tables• 11 – Construction
Entities by Function
• 12 – Spaces by Function
• 13 – Construction Entities by Form
• 14 – Spaces by Form
• 21 – Elements
• 22 – Work Results
56Project Delivery Practice Guide: 11.3.7.1
• 23 – Products
• 31 – Phases
• 32 – Services
• 33 – Disciplines
• 34 – Organizational Roles
• 41 – Information
• 42 – Materials
• 49 - Properties
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OmniClassTM
Tables• 11-Construction entities by function
– 11-12 Learning Facilities 11-12 24 27 Human Arts College
• 12- Construction entities by form– 12-11 11 14 54 Auditorium
• 13- Spaces by function– General Performance Spaces 13-11 17 11 37 Auditorium
• 14-Spaces by form– Fully enclosed spaces 14-11 11 21 Auditorium
57
The Construction Specifications Institute
UNIFORMATTM
STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - F.
58
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UniFormatTM
• Developed by CSI
• Uniform classification system for organizing preliminary construction information into a standard order or sequence on basis of systems and assemblies
59Project Delivery Practice Guide: 11.3.7.2
UniFormatTM
Project Description Categories
60Project Delivery Practice Guide: 11.3.7.2 and Figure 11.12
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UniFormatTM
Example of Levels1 A Substructure
2 A10 Foundations
3 A1010 Standard Foundations
4 A1010.10 Wall Foundations
5 A1010.10CF Continuous Foundations
61Project Delivery Practice Guide: 11.3.7.2
UniFormatTM
Example of Use
Autodesk’s Revit using 3rd
level designations for categorizing objects
C1020 Single Flush Door
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The Construction Specifications Institute
MASTERFORMATTM
STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - G.
63
MasterFormatTM
• Developed by CSI
• Organization structural for the subject matter for construction of a project, and operation, and maintenance of a facility
• www.masterformat.com
64Project Delivery Practice Guide: 11.3.7.3
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MasterFormatTM
• Master list of numbers and titles
• Arranges related construction practices or work results
• Different types of construction addressed equally
• Promotes standardization
• Facilitates organization of information
• Improves construction communications
65Project Delivery Practice Guide: 11.3.7.3
MasterFormatTM
• Divisions– 50 division format
– Not organized around traditional subcontracts or construction trades
– Follows logical groupings of work results
• Sections– 6 digit numbers (some 8)
– Section covers one portion of work results
– Different
– Consistent
66Project Delivery Practice Guide: 11.3.7.3
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MasterFormatTM
Divisions
67Project Delivery Practice Guide: 11.3.7.3
Procurement and Contracting Requirements Group
00 – Procurement and Contracting Requirements
Specifications Group
General Requirements Subgroup
01 – General Requirements
Facility Construction Subgroup
02 – Existing Conditions
03 – Concrete
04 – Masonry
05 – Metals
06 – Wood, Plastics, and Composites
07 – Thermal and Moisture Protection
08 – Openings
09 – Finishes
10 – Specialties
11 – Equipment
MasterFormatTM
Divisions
68Project Delivery Practice Guide: 11.3.7.3
12 – Furnishings
13 – Special Construction
14 – Conveying Equipment
15 thru 19 – Reserved
Facility Services Subgroup20 – Reserved
21 – Fire Suppression
22 – Plumbing
23 – Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning
24 – Reserved
25 – Integrated Automation
26 – Electrical
27 – Communications
28 – Electronic Safety and Security
29 – Reserved
Site and Infrastructure Subgroup
30 – Reserved
31 – Earthwork
32 – Exterior Improvements
33 – Utilities
34 – Transportation
35 – Waterway and Marine Construction
35
MasterFormatTM
Divisions
69Project Delivery Practice Guide: 11.3.7.3
36 thru 39 – Reserved
Process Equipment Subgroup
40 – Process Integration
41 – Material Processing and Handling Equipment
42 – Process Heating, Cooling, and Drying Equipment
43 – Process Gas and Liquid Handling, Purification and Storage Equipment
44 – Pollution and Waste Control Equipment
45 – Industry-Specific Manufacturing Equipment
46 – Water and Wastewater Equipment
47 – Reserved
48 – Electrical Power Generation
49 – Reserved
MasterFormatTM
Levels of Details1 – The 50 Divisions
2 – Broad Scope Sections – widest latitude of information
3 – Medium Scope Sections – more limited information
4 – Narrow Scope Sections – specific information
5 – Very Narrow Scope Sections – user defined
70Project Delivery Practice Guide: 11.3.7.3
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MasterFormatTM
Example of Levels1 – Division 04 - Masonry
2 – Section 04 20 00 – Unit Masonry (Broad Scope)
3 – Section 04 21 00 – Clay Unit Masonry (Medium Scope)
4 – Section 04 21 13 – Brick Masonry (Narrow Scope)
5 – Section 04 21 13.13 – Brick Veneer Masonry (Very Narrow Scope)
71Project Delivery Practice Guide: 11.3.7.3
The Construction Specifications Institute
FOUR C’s OF COMMUNICATIONSTUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - H.
72
37
Four C’s of Communication
73Project Delivery Practice Guide: 11.3.5
• Proper grammar• Simple sentence
construction• Avoid ambiguity
Clear
• Eliminate unnecessary words, but not at expense of clarity, correctness, or completeness
Concise
Correct• Accurate and precise
information• Selected words to
convey exact meanings
Complete• Important information not
left out
The Construction Specifications Institute
LEGAL INTERPRETATIONAND/OR CONFLICTS OF
CONTRACT DOCUMENTS STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - I.
74
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5.10 Important Legal Issues• Need for a written Historical Record
• Professional Standard of Care
• Professional Negligence
• Compliance with Building Codes, Laws and Regulations
• Spearin Doctrine – The contractor is entitled to rely on the construction documents provided by the owner to be sufficient for their intended purpose and is NOT responsible for the consequences of defects (errors, inconsistencies or omissions) in the documents
• Actions can change the terms of a contract
• Interpretation by the courts.
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Design Team Coordination• Effective coordination requires
– Good coordination
– Attention to detail
– Reviewing interface between design disciplines
– Sufficient number of decisions proportionate for stage of Work
76Project Delivery Practice Guide: 5.9
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Components of Successful Coordination• Organization
– Selecting team members
– Establishing management procedures
• Execution– Project design
– Production of construction documents
77Project Delivery Practice Guide: 5.9
• Quality Assurance– Meetings
– Checklists
– Communications
– Checking and cross-checking construction documents
Components of Incomplete Coordination• Duplications
• Omissions
• Discrepancies
• Division 01 not coordinated
• Terminology differences
78Project Delivery Practice Guide: 5.9
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Critically Important Relationships• Representation of design concept shown on
construction documents among multiple design disciplines
• Architectural design with other design disciplines
• Drawings and specifications
79Project Delivery Practice Guide: 5.9
Coordinating Drawings and Specifications• Drawings and specifications are complementary
• Coordination must occur at all levels of Project Team
• Drawings detail should be consistent with specification detail
• Clear, concise, correct, and complete are critically important
80Project Delivery Practice Guide: 11.2.9
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Characteristics of Drawings
• Indicates generic and graphic representation of products and Materials – Size
– Form
– Location
– Quantity
– Relationships
– Generic representations
81Project Delivery Practice Guide: 11.2.9 and 11.2.9.1
Characteristics of Specifications
• Defines qualitative requirements for– Product, materials, equipment
– Physical properties of products
– Performance requirements
– Standards of workmanship
• Describes administrative procedures
82Project Delivery Practice Guide: 11.2.9
42
The Construction Specifications Institute
GREENFORMATTM
STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - J.
83
GreenFormatTM
• Developed by CSI
• Web based tool that allows manufacturers to accurately report product sustainability properties
• Provides designers, constructors, and building operators with basic information to help meet “green” requirements
• www.greenformat.com
84Project Delivery Practice Guide: www.greenformat.com
43
GreenFormatTM
Categories• Background information
• Product details
• Product lifecycle
• Additional information
• Authorization
85Project Delivery Practice Guide: www.greenformat.com
The Construction Specifications Institute
SUSTAINABILITY/GREEN BUILDINGSTUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - K.
86
44
Sustainability• Environmental
preservation has become an important issue– Public policy
– Private enterprise
87Project Delivery Practice Guide: 8.7
Sustainability• EPA – Sustainable building involves
– Developing healthier methods of construction, operations, and demolition
– Using resources more efficiently
• ASTM E 2114 – Standard Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Performance of Buildings defines green building as – One that meets specified performance requirements
– While minimizing disturbance to and improving the functioning of local, regional, and global ecosystems
– During and after its construction and specified service life
88Project Delivery Practice Guide: 8.7
45
Sustainable Design• Emphasis on environmental
performance of a facility over its life cycle
• Fundamental approaches common to tools and assessments
89Project Delivery Practice Guide: 8.7.1
– Site optimization
– Use of energy
– Water use
– Building materials and products
– Indoor environmental quality
– Optimizing operational and maintenance practices
Environmental Design Tools• Various tools available for use by product manufacturers,
Contractors, and A/E’s– NIST’s BEES – Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability
– EPA’s Energy Star Program
– USGBC’s LEED Program
90Project Delivery Practice Guide: 8.7.2
46
Assessing Product Sustainability• Requires life cycle assessment by a qualified agency
• NIST’s BEES (Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability) Model is one method– Global warming potential
– Acidification
– Nitrification potential
– Natural resource depletion
– Solid waste produced
– Indoor air quality
• Another is ASTM E 2129 – Standard Practice for Data Collection for Sustainable Assessments of Building Products
91Project Delivery Practice Guide: 8.7.3
Assessing Facility Sustainability• Methods of assessing environmental performance
– USGBC’s LEED Green Building Rating System
– Advanced Buildings
– Green Guidelines for Healthcare Construction
– Green Globes
– Greenguard Environmental Institute
– Stars
92Project Delivery Practice Guide: 8.7.4
47
Product Evaluation• Sustainability attributes is one of many categories for
evaluation of products
93Project Delivery Practice Guide: 10.5.4.4
– Waste minimization
– Promotes good indoor air quality
– Absence of unhealthful chemicals, toxic substances, or volatile organic compounds
– Biodegradable or bio-based composition
– Conservation of resources
– Responsible wood supplies
– Low embodied energy
– Recyclability, material reuse, or salvaged
– Natural or renewable resources
– Locally or regionally produced
– Energy efficiency
– Low environmental impact
– Durability
– Recycled content
The Construction Specifications Institute
Review OutlineSTUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - FUNDAMENTALS
94
A. Job roles and responsibilities of the four Project Teams
B. Factors that contribute to an effective team
C.Stages of Facility Life Cycle with associated activities and documents
D.Project stages with associated activities and documents
E. OmniClassTM
F. UniFormatTM
G.MasterFormatTM
H.4 C’s of communication
I. Legal interpretations and/or conflicts of Contract Documents
J. GreenFormatTM
K. Sustainability/Green Building
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