Proto-Ersuic, Qiangic, and PTB - Linguisticslinguistics.berkeley.edu/~dom/sg/slides.pdf ·...

Proto-Ersuic, Qiangic, and PTB

Dominic YuUC Berkeley

ICSTLL45 (Singapore - NTU)2012 October 27

internal structure of Ersuic

areal influences on historical development

relation to Qiangic and PTB

Questions

three-way VOT contrast (two in PTB)

four-way place contrast for coronals (two in PTB)

prenasalized, preaspirated initials

rhymes with /r/

no final consonants; nasalized vowels are rare

no syllable tone

The Proto-Ersuic Syllable

*j > ȵ / __ Ṽ

*riu > ri (merger)

*e > ɯ / [velar] __

*jõ¹ ‘sheep’ > Mn. ȵo

*riu¹ ‘write’, *ri¹ ‘laugh’ >

Mn. `ʐɨ

*hke1 ‘eagle / hawk’ > xkɯ

Shared innovations (Lizu)

*st > k

*HC > C (loss of

preaspiration)

*stẽ² ‘seven’ > Kl. `tŋ~`kŋ

*hke1 ‘eagle / hawk’ >

Kl. `kɯ

Shared innovations (Central Lizu)

j > ȵ / _ Ṽ

Baber (1882)

*tɕ > ts (except _ /o/)

*ʃ > ʂ (mostly)

*du > bu

/ja-/ as adjectival prefix?

lexical innovations?

Shared Innovations (Ersu)

A JOURNEY OF EXPLORATION IN WESTERN SSU..CH'UAN. 75

StFu (properlyll:au.) Low of Bank of Tsll-t&otl. ofT'nnc RlYer.

bon .. .. She •• .. Shl}-thdhru Copper .. Nuo• Lead ..

··}Hie Tin .. Bone .. .. Bo-ku Shih-wo Gl'UII .. .. Ndl£1}1 Jih-}lll Rice .. .. Tch'e .. Dze-tch'uo Rawrioe .. N-toh'e lfai.ze •• Yi-mi (Chinese?) •• .. Yi-mi-dZI} (Chineae ?) Tobacco .. Pi-tch'a .. Ta-ba dialect) Barley .. Ml}•-dza• .. . . Zo Wheat •• .. Sha Rhuwb ..

}(Chinese) Silk Opium •• Hnlberry .. Bbu-dza Potato (Chineee) Cotton •• .. Namee borrowed from (Chinese) Hemp .• Chinese (Chinese) Nettle •• .. Dl}·p'u Turnip .. (Chinese) C&rrot •• .. (Chinese) ldtuce Ooion •• Tea .. Dja-t.cha .. La Willow .. Mbo-u .. Mo-shoa Bamboo .. .. Ma-tchie Boried piue .. .. Tchu-si Wine .. .. Wo .. .. Djih Cow .. Mwe .. LlJ, or Ll}gh Dog .. Tch'o .. K'e Goat .. Tcb'i .. Tch'i Pig .. Rgo •• . . Wo1-}lll (male), Wo1-ma

(female) Fowl .. .. Rga' .. Wo• Duck .. Nta-tsv .. E-pu (male), E-ma (female) Sheep •• .. Yo .. .. Yo Yak .. Rga' Hare .. .. Mi-dzv .. T'a-la Rat .. Gu .. .. He Snake .. B•}r •• .. Vu Hankey .. Mi .. .. A-nuo Tiger .. .. La .. .. La Dragon .. Ri-dji .. Luo Bird .. .. A-tSl} Ylah .. .. Hai-yi Hawk •• .. Tcbuo Sparrow .. A-t.chso Pigeon .. Si-atSl} Huak deer .. Lie .. .. Lv-pu (mole), Lv-ma

(female) Wolf .. .. NdZtJ1 .. Vii} Fox Mie-guo Leopard .. (Same as Wolf) .. zv Bear .. .. Rge .. Wo (in a deep tone)

Digitized by Coogle

j > ȵ / _ Ṽ

Baber (1882)

*ʃ > ʂ (mostly)

*du > bu

Digitized by Coogle

j > ȵ / _ Ṽ

Baber (1882)

*ʃ > ʂ (mostly)

*du > bu

Digitized by Coogle

j > ȵ / _ Ṽ

Baber (1882)

*ʃ > ʂ (mostly)

*du > bu

Digitized by Coogle

j > ȵ / _ Ṽ

Baber (1882)

*ʃ > ʂ (mostly)

*du > bu

Digitized by Coogle

j > ȵ / _ Ṽ

Baber (1882)

*ʃ > ʂ (mostly)

*du > bu

Digitized by Coogle

j > ȵ / _ Ṽ

Baber (1882)

*ʃ > ʂ (mostly)

*du > bu

Digitized by Coogle

Some data from Baber (1882)

(yes, this root is < PTB *sat)

Areal sound changes (0)

PEr Ersu Naiqu Mianning Kala(TBL)

? sɿ⁵⁵ sɿ⁵³ sɿ sɿ⁵³ ‘hit/kill’

1. Apicalization

Preceded by depalatalization change in Ersu: *mphi² ‘throw up, vomit’ > mphɕi (extrusional ɕ) > mphsi (depalatalization) > nphsɿ⁵⁵ (apicalization)

2. x > f / _ u

Preceded by *ʃ > x in Mianning: *ʃu² ‘highland barley’ > xu- > fu-

*ʃ > x happened after apicalization: *ʃi ‘meat’ > ʃɿ, followed by ʃɿ > xɯ (not *ʃi > xi > ?)

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PEr had *s, *ɕ, *ʂ, *ʃ

Most dialects merged *ʂ and *ʃ

Mianning had *ʃ > x

cf. 16th century Spanish: [s ̪, s, ʃ], then ʃ > x (e.g. “gente” [xente] ‘people’ < [ʃente] (< [ʒ-], etc.)

Tangent: ʃ > x

both (1) apicalization and (2) x > f / _u happened after other sound changes

danger relying on areal features for subgrouping

importance of phonetic motivations for reconstructions

!"# Guillaum

e Jacques and Alexis Michaud

Table 2. Examples of re!exes of Proto-Naish *a. "e context indicated is the initial consonant in Proto-Naish.meaning Rgyalrong Burmese Tibetan Naxi Na Laze correspondence Proto-

Naishcontext # of

examplesbitter – k!a# k!a k!"# k!"$ k!"# ":":" *a/aC1 *K 5salt – c!a# ts!wa ts!e# ts!e$ ts!e# e:e:e *a *TS 8to borrow – h$a# r%a<*r$ja $i# $i$ $i# i:i:i *a/*i *$ 2tooth -&'a<*wa swa# so <*swa h(# hi$ %#t!u# (:i:i *a *w 5hoof -qa < *qwa – – k!w"# q!w)#*e+ k!w)$bie$ w":w):w) *a *Kw, *$w 3meat – sa# &a *(# *e$ *(# (:e:( *a *R 3thin (not thick)

mba pa# – mbe# bi$ bie$ e:i:ie *a (others) 21

Note: "e /e/ in the correspondence /(:e:(/ does not contrast with /i/, since there is no /*i/ in Na. For phonetic precision, the notation used here is nonetheless e.

!"# Guillaum

e Jacques and Alexis Michaud

Table 2. Examples of re!exes of Proto-Naish *a. "e context indicated is the initial consonant in Proto-Naish.meaning Rgyalrong Burmese Tibetan Naxi Na Laze correspondence Proto-

Naishcontext # of

examplesbitter – k!a# k!a k!"# k!"$ k!"# ":":" *a/aC1 *K 5salt – c!a# ts!wa ts!e# ts!e$ ts!e# e:e:e *a *TS 8to borrow – h$a# r%a<*r$ja $i# $i$ $i# i:i:i *a/*i *$ 2tooth -&'a<*wa swa# so <*swa h(# hi$ %#t!u# (:i:i *a *w 5hoof -qa < *qwa – – k!w"# q!w)#*e+ k!w)$bie$ w":w):w) *a *Kw, *$w 3meat – sa# &a *(# *e$ *(# (:e:( *a *R 3thin (not thick)

mba pa# – mbe# bi$ bie$ e:i:ie *a (others) 21

Note: "e /e/ in the correspondence /(:e:(/ does not contrast with /i/, since there is no /*i/ in Na. For phonetic precision, the notation used here is nonetheless e.from Jacques and Michaud (2011:476)

directional prefixes

verbs of existence

genitive *ji

mood prefixes *æ- ‘interrog.’, *mæ- ‘neg.’, *thæ- ‘neg. imp.’?

Other areal features

Examples from Mianning egophoric non-egophoric

imperfective particle bo gɤ

go (perf.) phi(-æ) dɑ

go (imperf.) jiji

Ersuic-defining morphosyntactic features

egophoric particles, etc.

specific forms of the directional prefixes, verbs of existence

perfective suffix *-A; “object” marker *wA

“Core” Qiangic

Qiang, Prinmi, Minyak

(Thurgood 2003)

probably also Tangut,

rGyalrongic*, Choyo

and possibly nDrapa

Naxi, Na, Laze (Jacques

and Michaud 2011)

Namuyi and Shixing

Ersuic and Qiangic

*but see LaPolla 2003 on Rung

shared lexical items

minimal pair of ‘water’ and ‘sweet’

/r/ component in ‘die’

Ersuic and Naish

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Ikeda (2007): ‘kidney’, ‘urine’, ‘pus’, ‘sharpen’, ‘forget’, ‘year’

Proto-Naish ‘kidney’ *Smbu, ‘urine’ *mbi, ‘pus’ *priN, ‘forget’ *mi15, and ‘year’ *Cba and *khu.

Naish and Qiangic

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Something to think about...

Burmo-Qiangic

Lolo-Burmese "Greater" Qiangic

"Naic" "Core" Qiangic

Qiang, Prinmi, Minyak, etc.Naish Namuyi Shixing Ersuic

Burmish Loloish

Lizu Tosu Ersu

more or less like Jacques and Michaud (2011)

Ersuic is interesting

be careful of areal features

To do: collect more data and reconstruct more!

Conclusion

dypc@berkeley.edu

http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~dom/

Proto-Ersuic, Qiangic, and PTB - Linguisticslinguistics.berkeley.edu/~dom/sg/slides.pdf ·...

Documents

LONGSOR PTB

Post-focus-compression (PFC) in ... - University of Chicago · Chen, Guion-Anderson, and Xu, (2012) Yangshao Culture 7000-5000 BP Lolo-Burmese (Burmish, Nusu, Loloish) Na-Qiangic(Qiangic,

Steps towards proto-(Northern-)Atlantic From proto-Joola to proto-Bak Guillaume Segerer – LLACAN 1 Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction

Wr2500 Manual Ptb

COPD secondaryto PTB

Manual PTB

T Kaufman: proto-Sapoteko and proto-Sapotekan reconstructions

Proto viet-muong (Proto-Vietic)

PTB-Kochs Disease

Bennett PTB

PTB+ programme 2012

PTB 14 ATEX 2023 X, IECEx PTB 14 · PTB 14AEX20E34 ,I4ACE3 xB.ABE,EX31E9BA4,EX2 O1E,B92.r,4A9A314ACE PTB 14 ATEX 2023 X, IECEx PTB 14.0049X Solenoid coil Type AC10 Magnetspule Typ

Curso Siva Ptb

Indo-Europeans in the Ancient Yellow River Valley...Indo-European subfamilies include: Proto-Anatolian, Proto-Armenian, Proto-Slavic, Proto-Celtic, Proto-Germanic, Proto-Greek, Proto-Indo-Iranian,

Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt PTB€¦ · Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt PTB Braunschweig und Berlin Anlage zur EG-Baumusterprüfbescheinigung PTB 99 ATEX 1044 Die

Diktat PTB

PTB 14 ATEX 2023 X, IECEx PTB 14 - Solenoid Select...PTB 14AEX20E34 ,I4ACE3 xB.ABE,EX31E9BA4,EX2 O1E,B92.r,4A9A314ACE PTB 14 ATEX 2023 X, IECEx PTB 14.0049X Solenoid coil Type AC10

Wr3454g Manual Ptb

Proto Oceanic society (Austronesian) and Proto …jeffmarck.net/publications/MarckBostoenPOcPEB.pdf · Proto Oceanic society (Austronesian) and Proto East Bantu ... reconstructions

PTB Itanhaém