View
4
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Classical Conditioning B 1 5/3/2010
Compensatory Responses
It was observed that some people mysteriously died of a drug overdose. The reasons that it appeared mysterious is that
(a) They were experienced drug users (b) They does of drug that they overdosed on, was not
that different from what they were usually taking.
However, it was discovered that many of these overdoses occurred in a location that the drug user normally did not take the drug (e.g. actor River Phoenix). Why would the location of where a person takes the drug make a difference?
Classical Conditioning B 2 5/3/2010
Compensatory Responses Your body tries to maintain a delicate balance of biological functioning or homeostasis. For example,
• If we are thirsty, we drink • If we are hungry, we eat • If we are tired, we sleep Likewise, • if we take a stimulant, our body slows down • if we take a depressant, our body is stimulated
Classical Conditioning B 3 5/3/2010
Compensatory Responses
Compensatory The body usually tries to maintain a responses: state of homeostasis. When people use
drugs, the body and brain attempts to counteract the effects of the drug and produces reactions that are opposite to that of the drug.
Compensatory responses can help explain drug tolerance, withdrawal effects and cravings for a drug. Tolerance: Decreased responsivity to a drug
(usually you need to increase the dosage to get the same effects)
Withdrawal: The experience of strong reactions
opposite to those produced by the drug
The withdrawal symptoms may be thought of the body’s compensating response still becoming active in the absence of the drug.
Classical Conditioning B 4 5/3/2010
Drug Tolerance
Tolerance: Decreased responsivity to a drug (usually you need to increase the dosage to get the same effects)
Tolerance Dosage Effect
January
February
March
April
Classical Conditioning B 5 5/3/2010
Drug Tolerance
Tolerance: Decreased responsivity to a drug (usually you need to increase the dosage to get the same effects)
Tolerance Dosage Effect
January
February
March
April
Classical Conditioning B 6 5/3/2010
Compensatory Responses
Compensatory The body usually tries to maintain a responses: state of homeostasis.
When people use drugs, the body and brain attempts to counteract the effects of the drug and produces reactions that are opposite to that of the drug.
Dosage + Compensatory
Response = Drug Effect
Drug + - Counteracts drug January
February
March
April
Classical Conditioning B 7 5/3/2010
Withdrawal Effects
Withdrawal: The experience of strong reactions opposite to those produced by the drug
The withdrawal symptoms may be thought of the body’s compensating response still becoming active in the absence of the drug.
Dosage Compensatory Response
Drug Effect
Withdrawal
January
February
March
April
May
Classical Conditioning B 8 5/3/2010
Examples of Drugs and their Compensatory Responses (that can lead to withdrawal effects)
Drug Drug Effects Withdrawal effects Nicotine Increase in heart
rate Slowing of the heart rate
Heroin Slows stomach contracts, constipation
Stomach cramps, diarrhea
Amphetamines Manic sense of well-being and euphoria
Severe depression
Tranquilizers Slows the body down
Arouses the body
Classical Conditioning B 9 5/3/2010
Classically Conditioned Compensatory Responses
Dosage Compensatory Response
Drug Effect
Withdrawal
January
February
March
April
May 1
Withdrawaleffects
May 2
Drug
overdose
(a new location that doesn’t trigger the compensatory response)
Classical Conditioning B 10 5/3/2010
Classical Conditioning B 11 5/3/2010
Classical Conditioning B 12 5/3/2010
Classical Conditioning B 13 5/3/2010
Classical Conditioning B 14 5/3/2010
Phobias / Anxiety
Classical Conditioning B 15 5/3/2010
Classical Conditioning B 16 5/3/2010
Classical Conditioning B 17 5/3/2010
Classical Conditioning B 18 5/3/2010
Classical Conditioning B 19 5/3/2010
Recommended