Psych 372 Environmental Psychology (13 nature)

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Environmental psychology and naPsychology 372

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Olmstead‟s Central Park: The lungs of the city

The broad strokes

Baltimore and Phoenix: A more nuanced story

• High canopy negatively correlates withcrime

• Low, dense bush positive correlation withcrime

Ulrich‟s study of hospital recovery and nature v

Picture proxy methods

Effects of nature/urban exposure on feelings

Environmental psychophysiology• How does where we are

influence how we feel?

– We can actually measure feelingwith simple sensors that detectmovement, heart rate, and skinconductance

Virtual nature

Psychophysiological measures

Restorative effects

Increase in positive affect Decrease in GSR

Why does nature restore us?

• Good vibrations (positive associations)

• Psycho-evolutionary accounts

• Attention restoration

Accounts based on positive associations

• There may be some merit to this

• Simple verbal descriptions of natureproduce some positive effects on mood

Psycho-evolutionary accounts: Orians & Heerw

People from a wide variety of backgrounds presavannah-like settings

• This seems true even if we are unlikely to have experienced them

Attention restoration theory

• Urban environments encourage focal attention

• Focal attention requires cognitive effort

• Natural settings produce „fascination‟ and release us from effortful attention

Patterns of eye movement

High fascination Low fascination

But there must be more to it….

• It doesn‟t seem plausible that simple release from cognitive effort is responsi

the positive effects of nature exposure

• Difficult to see follow-through from patterns of eye movements to shorter hos

Some have tried to figure out exactly what in nimages matters

Fractals – patterns of self-similarit-eg patterns preserved a

Fractal dimension is a mathematical measure similarity

• Fractal dimension of natural scenes is around 1.5

• Fractal dimensions of eye movements can also be measured – also around 1

Another way of looking at visual perception

• There are no identified “fractal

detectors”

• But there are “spatial frequencydetectors”

• -any visual image is composed ofinformation at a range of scales

• Our visual system is more sensitive to

some than to others• Different parts of our brain are more or

less sensitive to particular ranges ofspatial frequency

The summary

• Exposure to nature has many benefits

• Several theories try to account for these effects

• We may be at least zero-ing in on parts of the mechanism for this effect

• If current findings hold up, it suggests that all kinds of designs (and not just nmight be good for body and mind

Psych 372 Environmental Psychology (13 nature)

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