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ProfFredericA.MeunierQueenslandBrainInstitute
TheUniversityofQueenslandAustralia
Quantitativeanalysisofsinglemoleculetrackinginlivecells:fromBrownianmotiontofunction
2018WinterSchoolinMathematicalandComputationalBiologyJuly,2018
Frederic A. Meunier | Queensland Brain InstituteClem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research | Single Molecule Neuroscience laboratory
"Progress in science depends on new techniques, new discoveries and new ideas, probably in that order." Sydney Brenner
- Crashcourseonopticalmicroscopy
- Browsethroughthesinglemoleculelocalizationtechniques
- Singlemoleculeanalysisofthemechanismofneurosecretion(exocytosis)
Thislecture
Superresolutionmicroscopy
FluorescencemicroscopyFluorescence microscopy allows visualisation of the distributions of fluorescently-labelledmoleculeswithinasampleinarelativelynon-invasiveandspecificwayincellsortissues.
Oneofthemajorlimitationistheresolutionlimitsetbythediffractionoflight,whichrestrictstheamountofinformationthatcanbecapturedwithstandardobjectives.Thisisoftenreferredtoasthediffractionbarrier,whichrestrictstheabilityofopticalinstrumentstodistinguishbetweentwoobjectsseparatedbyalateraldistancelessthanapproximatelyhalfthewavelengthoflightusedtoimagethespecimen.Basically:twonearbymolecules=1fluorescentblob…)
Super-resolutiontechniques:inthepastfewyears,anumberofnovelapproacheshavebeenemployedtocircumventthediffractionlimit,includingnear-fieldscanningopticalmicroscopy(NSOM),stimulatedemissiondepletionmicroscopy(STED),stochasticopticalreconstructionmicroscopy(STORM)andstructuredilluminationmicroscopy(SIM).Thesetechniqueshaveallachievedimprovedlateral(x-y)resolutiondowntotensofnanometers,morethananorderofmagnitudebeneaththatimposedbythediffractionlimit,buteachmethodhasauniquesetoflimitations.
Single-moleculelocalizationmicroscopy(SMLM)bypassesthelateralresolutionlimitbyseparatingthefluorescenceemittersintimesothattheyAPPEARoneafteranotherstochasticallyinlocationsthataresufficientlyfarapartfortheiraccuratelocalization.Forthispurpose,photoactivatableorphotoswitchablefluorophoresareused,thusenablingthereconstructionofhigh-resolutionimages.
Typically,SMLMexperimentsareeitherperformedinawide-fieldconfiguration,orintotalinternalreflection(TIR).TheadvantageofTIRfluorescencemicroscopyisthattheexcitationoffluorophoresisrestrictedtoabout100nmalongtheaxialplaneandthusreducestheobservedaxialdepth.Twoconceptsthatrelyonphotoswitchingorphotoactivationaredirectstochasticopticalreconstructionmicroscopy(dSTORM)andphotoactivatedlocalizationmicroscopy(PALM).
Singlemoleculelocalisationtechniques
dSTORMThekeyofSMLMistolimitthenumberoffluorophoresdetectedatagiventimetoallowaccuratelocalizationofsingle-moleculesindividually.InthedSTORMapproach,thisisachievedbyoperatingconventionalsyntheticfluorophores(i.e.commerciallyavailable,forexampleasantibodyconjugates)asphotoswitchesinthepresenceofreducingbuffers.
dSTORMexploitsthefactthatmostfluorophoresarepronetoreductionthatpromotetransitintoalong-lived,non-fluorescentradicalorotherreducedstate(egtripletstate).Thetransitionintothis“dark”stateisgovernedbytheintensityoftheexcitationlight(typicallylaserinduced),andthereducingpotentialofthebufferreagents(typicallythiolssuchasmercaptoethylamine).
Theback-transition(orreturnintothe“bright”(orfluorescent)stateisgovernedbyresidualoxygen,thethermalstabilityoftheoff-stateandtheintensityemittedfluorescence(typicallyblue-shiftedtoabout100nmtotheexcitationlight).ThedSTORMconceptallowsreversiblephotoswitchingofmanycommerciallyavailablefluorophoressuchasareAlexaFluor®647,AlexaFluor®532,ATTO647Netc.
PrincipleofdSTORM.Switchingfluorophoresbetweenadarkandabrightstateenablestemporalseparationofnearbyfluorophores.Fittingofpoint-spreadfunctionsofsingleemittersallowsaccuratepositiondetermination.Super-resolutionimagescanthenbereconstructed.
PALMandsptPALM
Lippincott-Schwartz, J. and Manley, S.
Putting super-resolution fluorescence microscopy to work. Nature Methods 6: 21-23 (2009). A nice overview of the potential benefits and pitfalls of superresolution imaging with emphasis on PALM and related single-molecule techniques. The authors suggest a set of guidelines for presenting images and point out inconsistencies in the current literature.
Daniel Choquet
Nanoscale dynamic organisation of exocytic molecules
Ravi Kasula
Frederic A. Meunier | Queensland Brain InstituteClem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research | Single Molecule Neuroscience laboratory
Li et al., TiBC in press
Martin et al., 2013, J Cell Sci.
Munc18-1Δ317-333 unable to rescue neuroexocytosis in DKD-PC12 cells
Activation Imaging Tracking
20Hzimaging+trackingwithPALM-traceronMetamorph
DKD cells + Munc18-1-mEos
sptPALMRaviKasula
Kasula et al., 2016, Journal of Cell Biology
Munc18-1WTmEos
sptPALM
Kasula et al., 2016, Journal of Cell Biology
Munc18-1WT Munc18-1LM
ControlStimulated
Munc18-1Δ317-333
PALM autocorrelation analysisYeJinChai
Munc18-1WT
Munc18-1Δ317-333
Munc18-1Δ317-333
Munc18-1WT Munc18-1Δ317-333
EffectofMunc18-1onSyntaxin-1nanoscaleorganisation
Kasula et al., 2016, Journal of Cell Biology
Giannoneetal.,BiophysJ2010
Kasula et al., 2016, Journal of Cell Biology
�33Kasula et al., 2016, Journal of Cell Biology
Munc18-1WT + Sx1 Munc18-1Δ317-333 + Sx1
BoNT/ETeTx
Munc18-1WT + Sx1 Munc18-1WT + Sx1
Kasula et al., 2016, Journal of Cell Biology
Munc18-1 domain 3a hinge loop controls the opening of Sx1 and it engagement into the SNARE complex.
Kasula et al., 2016, J Cell Biol.; Bademosi et al., Nature Communications, 2017; Bademosi et al., Jove, 2018, Bademosi et al., Cell Reports, 2018.
- Syntaxin-1 nanoclusters are controlled by NSF and a-SNAP and the PIP2/PIP3 binding domain KARRA of Sx1A (Bademosi et al., Nature Communications, 2017) and… general anaesthetics (Bademosi et al., Cell Reports, 2018).
Opened bunch hypothesis French kiss hypothesis
Morphing potential VAMP2 binding sites of Munc18-1
Residues Identified:
Munc18-1 A297 Munc18-1 T304
VAMP2
We identified two residues that may m e d i a t e M u n c 1 8 - 1 a n d VA M P 2 interaction, closely resembling Vps33 and Vam3 interaction in yeast. (Baker et al. 2015)
Using this we cloned Munc18-1 A297 and T304 residues with Histidine to create steric hindrance and affect its binding with VAMP2
Munc18-1
Increase of Munc18-1 mobility due to its release from nanodomain confinement in DKO-PC12 cells
In agreement with our previous findings in Kasula et al., 2016.
Activity-dependent release of Munc18-1 from nanodomains
Munc18-1 binding to VAMP2 underpins an activity-dependent release of Munc18-1
Mobility of VAMP2 binding deficient Munc18-1 mutants does not increase after stimulation.
Unpublished data
Syn
taxi
n-1A
+Mun
c18-
1WT
Syntaxin-1A-GFP (uPAINT) + Munc18-1WT-mcherry
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 10.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.200.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Syn
taxi
n-1A
+Mun
c18-
1A29
7H
MS
D (µ
m2 )
Freq
uenc
y di
strib
utio
n(fr
actio
ns)
Mob
ile fr
actio
n
Time(s) Log(D)
Syntaxin-1A + Munc18-1A297H
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 10.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
Syn
taxi
n-1A
+Mun
c18-
1T30
4H
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.200.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
MS
D (µ
m2 )
Freq
uenc
y di
strib
utio
n(fr
actio
ns)
Mob
ile fr
actio
n
Time(s) Log(D)
Syntaxin-1A + Munc18-1T304H
Munc18-1WT undergoes an activity-dependent conformational change leading to Sx1 opening and engagement in the SNARE complex.
Conclusions
Munc18-1 domain 3A extended conformation is probably favoured by VAMP2 binding leading to Syntaxin1A opening. Syntaxin-1A opening therefore occurs within the context of vesicular docking (French kiss hypothesis) which may favour proper templating of the SNARE complex during assembly.
Ravi Kasula Adekunle Bademosi Ye Jin Chai Rachel Gormal Sally Martin Andreas Papadopulos Mahdie Mollazade Callista Harper Pranesh Padmanabhan Anmin (Jeff) Jiang Merce Salla-Martret Merja Joensuu Vanessa Lanoue Tristan Wallis Ailisa Blum Chris Small Isabel Morrow Tong Wang Ramon Martinez Marmol
IMB Brett Collins Rob Parton
IINS Bordeaux: Daniel Choquet, Eric Hozy and JB Sibarita UNSW: Yann Gambin, Kat Gaus VIB-KU Louven: Patrik Verstreken Elsa Lawers
Acknowledgements
PhD and post-doc positions available
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