Question of the Day Mar 3 Which of the following is a chemical property of a material? A. Rust B....

Question of the Day Mar 3

• Which of the following is a chemical property of a material?

• A. Rust

• B. Color

• C. Texture

• D. Taste

DO NOW Mar 3

• Jon Benet Ramsay Investigation Part III

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ag9DfFESgbY

Question of the Day Mar 4

• Which element has the greatest atomic mass?

• A. Carbon

• B. Lead

• C. Iron

• D. Neon

DO NOW Mar 4

• Jon Benet Ramsay Investigation IV

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QofH2gBtC6A

Question of the DAY Mar 6

• Which of the following is an organic compound?

• A. Cocaine

• B. TNT

• C. Penicillin

• D. A and B

• E. A, B, and C

DO NOW Mar 6

• Jon Benet Ramsay Investigation V

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxDMJUDgPkw

Classwork Mar 6

• Questions 1-40 Due at the end of class.

• Completed Packet DUE on Monday Mar 10

• I will NOT accept late work.

• GET YOUR WORK DONE!

Question of the DAY March 10

• The atomic mass of an element is determined by its number of

• A. Protons and electrons

• B. Electrons and neutrons

• C. Protons and valence electrons

• D. Protons and neutrons

JonBenet Ramsey Investigation

• Detective Interview

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Aly2fPK-XE

Question of the DAY March 12• Gel electrophoresis is a common analytical tool

used in forensics to analyze DNA. Which of the following is required to perform this process?

• A. DNA Polymerase

• B. RNA Polymerase

• C. Helicase

• D. Endonuclease

DO NOW March 12

• CASE STUDY: THE GREEN RIVER KILLER

• PART I

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-WgUIrt1cyA

Question of the DAY March 17

• Gas chromatography separates a mixture using a

• A. stationary solid phase and moving gas phase

• B. stationary solid phase and moving liquid phase

• C. stationary liquid phase and moving gas phase

• D. moving liquid phase and a moving gas phase

THE GREEN RIVER KILLER

• PART II

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKjgoSe7QCM

• PART III

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TLb0Pvow2tc

THE GREEN RIVER KILLER• PART IV

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TLb0Pvow2tc

• PART V

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHrWRoYCS7Y

Chapter 5Organic Analysis

Nature of Matter• Physical and chemical properties can be used to

classify evidence.– Identification and Comparison

• Materials (evidence) can be classified as Organic or Inorganic

• Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.

Nature of Matter• atoms: tiny structures that determine the property

of all matter

• smallest part of an element that still has the element’s properties

What is in an Atom?• nucleus: small, dense positively

charged center of the atom– proton: subatomic particle positive electric charge– neutron: subatomic particle

neutral charge

• electron: subatomic particle with negative charge– outside of nucleus in a cloud

– very small and are about 1/2000 the mass of a proton

Elements and Compounds• element: a substance that cannot be

separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

• contain only one kind of atom

• compounds: contain atoms of more than one kind of element

• molecule: the smallest unit of a compound that keeps all the properties of that substance

Chapter 3

States of Matter

Solids

• definite shape and volume• particles vibrate, but do not

change position• two categories:

– crystalline: have an orderly arrangement of atoms or molecules like iron, diamonds, and ice

– amorphous: no organized pattern like wax and rubber

Liquids• have definite volume

• no definite shape

• particles slide past each other– move faster than that of solid

Gases• no definite shape or volume

• take the shape and volume of their container

• particles of gas move rapidly– have most kinetic energy

Plasma

• starts as a gas and then becomes ionized

• no definite shape or volume• particles have broken apart• 99% of known matter in universe

is plasma• lightning, fire, aurora borealis,

fluorescent light

Properties of Matter• physical properties: color, shape,

mass, volume• Density = mass/volume

– measured in g/cm3

• boiling point: liquid becomes a gas

• melting point: solid becomes a liquid

• Properties of substance remain the same.

Chemical Properties

• Change into a new substance• New properties

• reactivity: combining chemically with another substance

• flammability: reaction in the presence of oxygen – burns when exposed to a flame

The Periodic Table of Elements

• groups similar elements together

• periodic law: states that the repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic numbers of the elements

The Periodic Table• periods: horizontal rows of the

periodic table– number of protons and

electrons increases by one as you move across a period

– an electron energy level fills as you move across the period

• group: a vertical column of elements in the periodic table– have similar properties– have the same number of

valence electrons

Element Information• atomic number: number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

• mass number: the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom– an element always has the same number of protons, but can

have different numbers of neutrons

6

CCarbon12.0107

Atomic Symbol

Atomic number

Element name

Average atomic mass

Isotopes• an atom of an element with different number of neutrons• three isotopes of hydrogen

– one with no neutrons, one with 1 neutron, and one with 2 neutrons

– all have 1 proton

Families of Elements• elements are classified into three groups

– metals: an element that is shiny and conducts heat and electricity well

– nonmetals: an element that conducts heat and electricity poorly

– semiconductor (metalloid): an element or compound that conducts electric current better than a nonmetal, but not as well as a metal does

QUESTION of the DAY March 18

• Which process would be used to analyze a heat sensitive substance?

• A. Gas Chromatography

• B. High Performance Liquid Chromatography

• C. Gel Electrophoresis

• D. Thin-Layer Chromatography

Motivation versus Inspiration

• Do these two words mean the same thing to you?

Cell Phone Policy March 13

• Effective Immediately

• Any Cell Phone I see in class will be taken.

• This is a District Wide School Policy.

THE GREEN RIVER KILLER

• PART II

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKjgoSe7QCM

• PART III

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TLb0Pvow2tc

Chromatography• Analytical technique for separating organic

mixtures into their components.

– Multicomponent specimens such as drugs

Henry’s LAW – when a volatile chemical compound is dissolved in a liquid and is brought to equilibrium with air, there is a fixed ratio between concentration of volatile compound in air and in liquid.

Ratio remains constant for a given temperature

Gas Chromatography

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Xaa9WdXVTM

• Separates mixtures on the basis of their distribution between a stationary liquid phase and a moving gas phase.

GC Process• 1. Carrier gas fed into a steel or glass column

– INERT gas used such as Nitrogen or Helium

• 2. Sample liquid injected and heated• 3.Sample is vaporized in gas• 4. Particles that remain in gas phase will move through

column faster.– Column contains thin layer of liquid

• 5. Components enter a detector where results are recorded.

• 6. Chromatograph produced in a series of peaks• FIGURE 5-5 Page 126

Gas chromatograph of drugs

Gel Electrophoresis - Separating DNA

• Endonucleases (restriction enzymes) cut DNA• DNA fragments placed at one end of a porous gel.• Electric voltage applied to the gel.• Negatively charged DNA molecules move to opposite

end of gel.• Smaller fragments move faster and farther• Compares the sequencing of a DNA sample to known

sequences of different individuals• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mN5IvS96wNk

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3i-DxJ3oJzE

GEL ELECTROPHORESIS DNA FINGERPRINTING

• http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=forensics+gel+electrophoresis+animation&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=forensics+gel+electrophoresis+animation&sc=0-29&sp=-1&sk=#view=detail&mid=9A0179759F70DF5876219A0179759F70DF587621

DNA Fingerprinting

• Which suspect’s DNA matches the evidence found at the crime scene?

Light Waves• Wavelength – distance between adjacent crests

• Frequency – number of waves that pass a given point per second

Spectrophotometry

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qbCZbP6_j48

• Analysis and characterization of different chemical substances by the type and quantity of light they absorb.

Mass Spectrophotometry