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RAS E-ELT meeting9th May 08
Fraser Clarke
Towards EPICS; high contrast spectroscopy
Fraser ClarkeN Thatte, G Salter, M Tecza
C Verinaud, M Kasper (EPICS co-PIs)R Gratton (EPICS science team)
RAS E-ELT meeting9th May 08
Fraser Clarke
EPICS top level requirements
• EPICS is the proposed planet finding instrument for the E-ELT• Two modes of operation
– Imaging spectroscopy– Polarimetric imaging
• Top Level Requirements– 600-1700nm (goal 350-2500nm) [600-900 for Polarimetry]– R>50 for discovery; R>>50 for characterisation [Spectroscopy]– Nyquist sampled imaging (2mas/pixel)– 2” FoV (goal 4”)– Inner Working Angle < 30mas (goal 15mas)– Strehl at H~90% (I=9) [>50% at 600nm for Polarimetry]– Coronagraphic rejection better than 104 (tbc)– Polarimetric sensitivity 10-5
• Phase A study underway now. Due to be completed by Oct 2009.
RAS E-ELT meeting9th May 08
Fraser Clarke
EPICS key science
1. Young self-luminous gas giants in star forming regions or young associations
– Determine frequency and mass distribution of giant planets
2. Detection and characterisation of mature gas giants at orbital distances between ~5 and 15AU in the solar neighbourhood (15pc)
3. Imaging and characterisation of warm or young Jupiters previously found by R.V. or imaging searches with smaller telescopes
– Understand giant planets’ atmospheric composition and structure
4. Detection and 1st order characterisation of warm Neptunes, massive rocky planets and super-Earths around very nearby stars (<10pc); with ultimate goal of detecting such planets
located in the HZ (M-dwarfs and systems <4pc)
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RAS E-ELT meeting9th May 08
Fraser Clarke
EPICS consortium
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G Tinetti (UCL)
RAS E-ELT meeting9th May 08
Fraser Clarke
Oxford involvement in EPICS
• Niranjan Thatte leads IFS workpackage– Oxford concentrates on Image Slicers– INAF/Padova (R Gratton) developing “BIGRE” lenslet
approach
• Oxford deliverables; – IFS optical design analysis– Slicer prototype– SINFONI coronagraph (not funded in EPICS Phase A,
but present in list of deliverables!)– Data reduction algorithms
RAS E-ELT meeting9th May 08
Fraser Clarke
Speckles; limits on high contrast
• Light not put into diffraction limited core of PSF interferes coherently to produce speckles
• Some speckles, caused by imperfections in optical train, are long lasting (many minutes, or more), and cannot be integrated out– Super-speckles
• Super-speckles are diffraction limited, and look like real objects at a given wavelength
• => Major limit to contrast in current systems
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RAS E-ELT meeting9th May 08
Fraser Clarke
A third way… (wavelength)
Speckles scale with wavelength (/D), so they move out from central star as one goes to longer wavelengths
Planets are at a fixed position on the sky which doesn’t change with wavelength
Use wavelength scaling of Airy pattern and speckles to remove starlight and isolate planet’s signature.
(Sparks & Ford 2002)
RAS E-ELT meeting9th May 08
Fraser Clarke
Concept demonstrator
• AB Dor C as target• 5 mag fainter companion 200 mas away• VLT + SINFONI data• DDT P76 (end of January 2006)• 2 x 20 min on-source in two rotator settings• First Airy Null at 60 mas in K band.• Results published in;
– Thatte et al 2007, MNRAS, 378, 1229– Close et al 2007, ApJ, 665, 736
RAS E-ELT meeting9th May 08
Fraser Clarke
Spectroscopy at the diffraction limit
Input data cube
(normalised)
RAS E-ELT meeting9th May 08
Fraser Clarke
Spectroscopy at the diffraction limit
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• Subtracted azimuthally averaged PSF
• Stepping through in wavelength from 1.45-2.4um
RAS E-ELT meeting9th May 08
Fraser Clarke
Super speckles in the raw data
• Subtract azimuthally averaged PSF
• Monochromatic image
• Super-speckles clearly visible
RAS E-ELT meeting9th May 08
Fraser Clarke
Super speckles after processing
• Same wavelength slice after SD technique
• Speckles well removed
RAS E-ELT meeting9th May 08
Fraser Clarke
9 mag at 0.2” w/o coronagraph!!
Thatte et al, 2007, MNRAS, 378, 1229
RAS E-ELT meeting9th May 08
Fraser Clarke
Spectral type of AB Dor C
Close et al., 2007,ApJ, 665, 736
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RAS E-ELT meeting9th May 08
Fraser Clarke
Steps towards EPICS
• Continuing to improve SD technique for EPICS data (Graeme Salter)
• Simulated data cube provided by C Verinaud for EPICS– 1024x1024 with 444 wavelengths– Many speckles and “N” planets…
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RAS E-ELT meeting9th May 08
Fraser Clarke
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Found 6 of 7 planets!• SD technique found 6 of 7 planets in the datacube (Differential imaging
only found 2)• Particularly good further from star, where speckles move more. • Tiger-stripe issue understood (fitting error), and should be fixed now
RAS E-ELT meeting9th May 08
Fraser Clarke
Summary
• EPICS phase A study progressing, and due for submission to ESO by Oct 2009
• Oxford leading IFS work package• Many pronged approach to investigating
high contrast capabilities of image slicers1. Slicer bench test in the lab2. SINFONI coronagraph test on sky3. Optical design analysis4. Development of new data reduction techniques
RAS E-ELT meeting9th May 08
Fraser Clarke
Progress - slicer prototype
• Price quote for slicer prototype• 1 arm spectrograph optics available• Need lab test up with phase screen,
and simple coronagraph (or should we move our setup somewhere else)
• Procurement for detector and readout system launched.
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