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7/30/2019 RAS06 Delta Module2 Features & Main Parameters
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1 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Soc Classification level
RAS06 Delta OptimizationModule 2Feature & Parameter update
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Soc Classification level
Module 1 RAS06 Optimization Delta training -Introduction
Module 2 Feature & Parameter update
Module 3 Configuration Management
Module 4 Drive test analysis
Module 5 Performance Monitoring update
Module 6 Neighbour Optimization
Module 7 Capacity Management Update
Module 8 RAN troubleshooting
CONTENTS
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Module 2 Feature and Parameter update
Objectives
After this module the participant shall be able to:-
Understand RAS06 new functionality compared to RAS5.1
Describe main RAS06 Radio parameters which are useful in
optimization
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Module Contents
RAS06 main features
HSDPA resource handling HSDPA Dynamic Resource Allocation
HSDPA code multiplexing
HSDPA associated uplink DPCH scheduling
HSUPA resource handling
Mobility
SCC vs. HSUPA SHO
Enhanced HSDPA mobility handling
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Summary of RAS06 HSPA Features
RAS06 features can be split to
HSDPA Telecom HSUPA Telecom
HSPA Layering
HSDPA RRM/Telecom Features Feature
Number
RAS06
16 kbit/s Return Channel DCH Data Rate Support for
HSDPA
RAN1013 Optional
HSDPA 15 Codes (requires RAN312, RAN1033 orRAN1034)
RAN852 Optional
HSDPA Code Multiplexing (requires RAN312 & RAN852)) RAN853 Optional
HSDPA 48 Users per Cell RAN1033 Optional
Shared HSDPA Scheduler for Baseband Efficiency RAN1034 Optional
HSDPA Dynamic Resource Allocation
+ Direct switch Basic
+ Dynamic HSDPA code allocation Optional
+ Dynamic DCH scheduling Optional
+ Dynamic HSDPA Power Allocation
HSDPA 10 Mbps per User RAN1249 Optional
HSDPA 14.4 Mbps per Cell RAN1305 Basic
HSUPA RRM/Telecom Features Feature
Number
RAS06
Basic HSUPA RAN826 Basic
as c as c
HSUPA BTS Packet Scheduler RAN968 Basic
HSUPA 2.0 Mbps RAN979 Optional
HSUPA Handovers RAN970 BasicHSUPA Congestion Control RAN992 Basic
HSUPA with Simultaneous AMR Voice Call RAN974 Optional
HSPA RRM/Telecom Features Feature
Number
RAS06
HSPA Layering for UEs in Common Channels RAN1011 Optional
RAN312
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HSDPA Features Resource allocation
HSDPA Basic functionality Optional enhanced functionality
HSDPA resource allocationStatic code and power in RNC
HSDPA Dynamic Resource AllocationDynamic NRT DCH Scheduling
Dynamic allocation of HS-PDSCH codes
HSDPA uplink associated DPCH scheduling + 16 kbit/s Return Channel DCH Data Rate
Support for HSDPA
HSDPA Channel SwitchingPossible via cell FACH or DCH 0/0
Direct switching between DCH and HS-DSCH
Basic HSDPA with QPSK and 5 Codes + HSDPA 15 Codes & code multiplexing
HSDPA 16-QAM Support
RAS06 features
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HSDPA Features Mobility, multi-RABs, Number of
HSDPA users
HSDPA Basic functionality Optional enhanced functionality
HSDPA Serving Cell Change and HSDPA
Soft/Softer Handover for Associated DPCH HSPA SCC over Iur,
Inter Frequency HSPA MobilityHSDPA Cell Reselection
HSDPA with Additional RAB Initiation,HSDPA suspension
+ HSPA with Simultaneous AMR Voice Call
HSDPA 16 Users per Cell + HSPA 48 Users per Cell
RAS06 features
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HSDPA Dynamic Resource Allocation (DRA)
This feature allocates Dynamically HSPDA power and HS-PDSCH Codes
Dynamic power allocation HSDPA power limitation is not sent from RNC to BTS, it is always dynamic in
BTS
RNC allocates NRT DCH power like in RAS5.1
BTS allocates all available DL power for HSDPA
There is Dynamic NRT DCH scheduling between R99 and HSDPA power There is Prioritisation between NRT DCH and HSDPA traffic/power
Dynamic Code Allocation
Dynamic allocation of HS-PDSCH codes with HSDPA 15 codes feature
RNC applies HSDPA dynamic resource allocation if Parameter
HSDPADynamicResourceAllocationis set to Enabled
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HSDPA 15 Codes
(14.4 Mbps per cell and 10 Mbps per user)
In RAS06 it is possible to have HS-PDSCH codes up to 10 or 15 with HSDPA 15
codes and Dynamic Resource allocation features
Average cell HSDPA throughput is increased
13,286,247,049,66,723,361,6RLC payload (Mbps)
13,9446,5527,39210,087,0563,5281,68RLC bit rate (Mbps)
394460422110RLC blocks/TTI
336336336336336336RLC PDU (bits)
14,05656,58857,46810,12557,07753,6491,815Max. transport channel (MAC-d flow) bit rate (Mbps)
1317714936202511415572983630Max. transport block size (bits)
14,46,727,6814,49,64,82,4Air interface bit rate (Mbps)
78151055Number of HS-PDSCH codes
Cat 9-10Cat 9-10Cat 9-10Cat 7-8Cat 6Cat 11-12UE category
16-QAM16-QAM16-QAM16-QAM16-QAMQPSKModulation
14.4Mbps
Total
14.4 Mbps
user 2
14.4 Mbps
user 1
+ 10 Mbps+ 15 code16-QAMQPSKFeatures
13,286,247,049,66,723,361,6RLC payload (Mbps)
13,9446,5527,39210,087,0563,5281,68RLC bit rate (Mbps)
394460422110RLC blocks/TTI
336336336336336336RLC PDU (bits)
14,05656,58857,46810,12557,07753,6491,815Max. transport channel (MAC-d flow) bit rate (Mbps)
1317714936202511415572983630Max. transport block size (bits)
14,46,727,6814,49,64,82,4Air interface bit rate (Mbps)
78151055Number of HS-PDSCH codes
Cat 9-10Cat 9-10Cat 9-10Cat 7-8Cat 6Cat 11-12UE category
16-QAM16-QAM16-QAM16-QAM16-QAMQPSKModulation
14.4Mbps
Total
14.4 Mbps
user 2
14.4 Mbps
user 1
+ 10 Mbps+ 15 code16-QAMQPSKFeatures
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HSDPA Code Multiplexing Allows sending data for more than one user in same TTI
Needed when network supports more codes than UEs
HSDPA code multiplexing will enable the cell throughput increaseachievable with 10/15 codes also with 5 code UEs in the network.
A peak cell level throughput of 10 Mbps can be achieved with code
multiplexing of three 5 code UEs.
Simultaneous HSDPA users needed in the network to get the capacity
gain Depending on the number of codes up to 3 HS-SCCHs used
Example below with two parallel users
2 ms
HS-SCCHs
HS-DSCH
Demodulation information
User data
Control data
= User 1
= User 2
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RAS06:Shared HSDPA Scheduler/48 users per cell- flexi rel 1
Shared HSDPA Scheduler for Baseband Efficiency
Up to 10.8 Mbps per BTS
Max 15 codes per cell, 45 codes for BTS Max 48 Users per BTS
80 CE from FSMB allocated to HSDPA scheduler
1 scheduler per BTS
10 users
16 users22 users
Example 3:
Shared HSDPA
Scheduler for BB
Efficiency1*80 CE
48 users
48 users48 users
Example 4:
48 Users per cell
3*80CE
48 Users per Cell
Up to 14.4 Mbps per cell (with code multiplexing)
Max 15 codes per cell
80 CE from FSMB allocated per HSDPA scheduler(=per cell) = 240 CEs (1+1+1)
Max 5 schedulers per BTS (5*80=400CE)
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RAS06:Shared HSDPA Scheduler/48 users per cell- ultra
3. Shared HSDPA Scheduler for Baseband Efficiency
Up to 10.8 Mbps per BTS
Max 15 codes per cell, 45 codes for BTS Max 48 Users per BTS
64 CE from WSPC allocated per HSDPA scheduler
10 users
16 users22 users
Example 3:
Shared HSDPA
Scheduler for BB
Efficiency1*64 CE
48 users
48 users48 users
Example 4:
48 Users per cell
3*64CE =192
4. 48 Users per Cell
Up to 14.4 Mbps per cell (with code multiplexing)
Max 15 codes per cell
64 CE from WSPC allocated per HSDPA schedule(=per cell)
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Several 16 Users per BTS Schedulers in BTS by Tcell
grouping from RNC
16 Users per BTS Scheduler -feature requires 32 CEof processing capacity to be enabled for one to threecells in the BTS.
Another 32 CEs can be added so that cell A (blue) ishandled by first 32 CE and cells B (yellow) and C(yellow) by the second 32 CEs.
Cells are grouped to each scheduler with Tcellparameter from RNC.
Max 4 schedulers per BTS
Rules for grouping (max 4 groups):
Group 1: Tcell values 0, 1 and 2
Group 2: Tcell values 3, 4 and 5
Group 3: Tcell values 6, 7 and 8
Group 4: Tcell value 9
Example 1:
1+1+1: 2 x32 CE
f1
f2
2+2+2: 4 x32
CE
16 users
16 users
16 users
16 users
11 users
16 users5 users
B
A
Tcell = 0Tcell = 3
Tcell = 4
Tcell = 0 Tcell = 1Tcell = 2
Tcell = 3
Tcell = 6
Tcell = 9
4 schedulers (max 5 codes and 16 users):
F1: 3 cells sharing one scheduler
F2: 1 scheduler per cell
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Maximum number of HSDPA schedulers simultaneously
active
* Usage of Tcell parameter required
Note that only one type of scheduler can be used in BTS at a time
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HSUPA
Basic HSUPA throughput can be up to
1.44 Mbps/user but it can be maximum 2.0
Mbps/user with separate feature. Thisdepends on the UE category also.
2*SF2 and 2*SF4 Supported
max 24 HSUPA users per BTS
max 20 HSUPA users per cell
Support for AMR call with PS connectionover HSUPA
Soft/softer Handovers are supported with
new HSPA specific FMCS parameter set
E-DCH serving cell is always same as HS-
DSCH serving cell
1 x SF4 0.71 Mbps
# of codes 10 ms
2 x SF4 1.45 Mbps
1
UE category
2
3
4
5
2 x SF4 1.45 Mbps
2 x SF2 2.0 Mbps
2 x SF2 2.0 Mbps
62 x SF2
+ 2 x SF4 2.0 Mbps
-
2 ms
-
1.45 Mbps
2.8 Mbps
-
5.74 Mbps
Max L1 data rate/user
HSUPA
HSDPA
AMR
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HSUPA Packet Scheduler
Node B uses both throughput and power based scheduling in air interface
Minimum throughput can be allocated regardless of the interference Node B allocates baseband resources based on both the number of HSUPA
connections and the load generated by the DCH traffic
Load
Prx
PrxLoadMarginEDCH
PrxMaxTargetBTS
Throughput-based Power-based
RNC PS
DCH
scheduling
domain
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HSUPA Round Trip Time 52 msNSN Nokia End-to-end Measurement
Low round trip time (=latency) improves end user and protocol performance
Nokia Siemens HSUPA shows excellent round trip time Measured end to end IP level round trip time on average 52 ms and the
minimum value 40 ms
Nokia HSUPAterminal prototype
Node-B RNC Packet coreServer
Nokia Siemens networks
Approximate round trip times:
Minimum = 40ms, Maximum = 66ms, Average = 52ms
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Module Contents
HSDPA resource handling
HSDPA Dynamic Resource Allocation Dynamic power allocation
Dynamic NRT DCH scheduling
Prioritisation between HSDPA and NRT DCH power resources
Dynamic Code Allocation
HSDPA code multiplexing HSDPA associated uplink DPCH scheduling
HSUPA resource handling
Enhanced HSDPA mobility handling
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HSDPA power allocation methods
HSDPADynamicResource-Allocation
RNC sends the
PtxMaxHSDPA
to BTS
BTS allocates the
available DL power
dynamically to
HSDPA until PtxMaxHSDPA
DisabledBTS allocates the
available DL power dynamically
to
HSDPA until PtxCellMax/MaxDLPowerCapability
DL power
Enabled
RNC schedules NRT DCH
according to HSDPApriority
RNC schedules NRT DCH
using dynamic NRT
scheduling
HSDPA (Static)
Resource Allocation
HSDPA dynamic
Resource Allocation
Min(PtxMaxHSDPA,min(PtxCellMax,MaxDLPowerCapability
)-PtxTargetHSDPA)
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HSPA Power
BTS periodically reports the total transmission power value PtxTotal and non-HSDPApower
Transmitted carrier power of all codes not used for HS-PDSCH or HS-SCCHtransmission if BTS supports only HSDPA
or
non-HSPA power (Transmitted carrier power of all codes not used for HS-PDSCHHS-SCCH E-AGCH E-RGCH or E-HICH transmission) if BTS supports HSUPA
to RNC in RRI messages
These two are referenced as HSxPA power
The reported values are in range 0100% representing the power value relative to thecell maximum transmission power, defined by MIN[PtxCellMax, MaxDLPowerCapability]
From the difference of reported PtxTotal and HSxPA power, RNC can calculate the usedHSPA-power value and update that to statistics counters
The counters are updated only when there is at least one HSDPA allocation in thecell
RNC updates the HSxPA power value counters when nbap_radio_resource_ind_smessage including PtxTotal and HSxPA power information is received from BTS andthere is at least one HSDPA allocation in the cell
The unit for all counter updates is watt
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Dynamic HSDPA Power allocation When the Dynamic Resource Allocation feature is enabled in RAS06, the HSDPA power allocation
procedure changes considerably in the RNC side
RNC does not signal HSDPA power to BTS and BTS will allocate all available DL power to HSDPA
until PtxMax PtxMax = min(PtxCellMax, MaxDLPowerCapability)
RNC schedules the NRT DCH traffic until PtxTargetPS threshold. PtxTargetremains as a target
for NRT load even if there is one or more HS-DSCH MAC-d flows setup in the cell.
RNC adapts PtxTragetPS threshold according to current NRT DCH and HSDPA traffic amount
and respective priority settingsPtxMax
PtxNC
PtxNRT
PtxHSDPA
PtxNonHSPA
PtxHighHSDPAPwr
PtxTargetPSMax
PtxTargetPSMin
HSDPA active
PtxTarget +PtxOffset
PtxTargetPS
PtxTotal
PtxTargetPSTarget
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Module Contents
HSDPA resource handling
HSDPA Dynamic Resource Allocation Dynamic power allocation
Dynamic NRT DCH scheduling
Prioritisation between HSDPA and NRT DCH power resources
Dynamic Code Allocation
HSDPA code multiplexing HSDPA associated uplink DPCH scheduling
HSUPA resource handling
Enhanced HSDPA mobility handling
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Dynamic NRT DCH scheduling
RNC affects the HSDPA power allocation indirectly by scheduling NRT DCH bitrates
When there is at least one HS-DSCH MAC-d flow allocated in the cell,PtxTargetPS is used for packet scheduling and handover control purposes (thiswas PtxTargetHSDPA for R99 in RAS5.1)
PtxTargetPS is adjusted between PtxTargetPSMin and PtxTargetPSMax
PtxTargetPSAdjustPerioddefines the adjustment period for the PtxTargetPS interms of Radio Resource Indication (RRI) reporting periods
IfPtxTargetPSMaxand PtxTargetPSMin are set to the same value, RNC doesnot adjust PtxTargetPS Dynamic NRT DCH scheduling disabled
PtxTargetPSMin
PtxTargetPS PtxTargetPSMax
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Dynamic NRT DCH scheduling
With no active HSDPA users:
1) NRT DCH scheduling to the
PtxTarget+PtxOffset&RT DCH admission
to PtxTarget
With active HSDPA users:
2) NRT DCH scheduling to PtxTargetPS
3) RT DCH admission to PtxTarget
HSDPA activeNo HSDPA users No HSDPA users
PtxTarget
+PtxOffset
PtxMax
PtxTargetPS
PtxNC
PtxNRT
PtxHSDPA
1
2
3
PtxNonHSPA
PtxTotal
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Dynamic NRT DCH scheduling Adjustment
Initial value of the PtxTargetPS is the lower from the following ones: PtxTargetor
PtxTargetPSMax
Initial value is taken into use when the first HS-DSCH MAC-d flow is setup
Usage ends when the last HS-DSCH MAC-d flow is deleted
PtxTargetremains as a target for non-controllable load even if there are one or more
HS-DSCH MAC-d flows setup in the cell
PtxTargetPS is adjusted based on received PtxTotal (Transmitted Carrier Power)
and PtxNonHSPA
PtxNonHSPA = Transmitted carrier power of all codes not used for HS-PDSCH, HS-
SCCH, E-AGCH, E-RGCH or E-HICH transmission
PtxTargetPS is adjusted only when there are NRT DCH users - in addition to the
HS-DSCH MAC-d flow(s) - in the cell.
Adjustment of the PtxTargetPS is done in fixed steps, defined by thePtxTargetPSStepUp and PtxTargetPSStepDown management parameters
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Dynamic NRT DCH scheduling Power congestion
Adjustment of the PtxTargetPS is executed when power congestion for DL
transport channel type (HS-DSCH or NRT DCH) is detected by the RNC
The definition of the power congestion for DL transport channel type in this
context is defined as follows
Power congestion for DL HS-DSCH transport channel type is detected when the
following condition is effective:
PtxTotal PtxHighHSDPAPwr
PtxHighHSDPAPwris an operator adjustable management parameter
Power congestion for DL DCH transport channel type is detected when the following
condition is effective:
PtxNonHSPA (PtxTargetPS Offset)
Fixed value 1 dB used for Offset
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MAC-d flow(s) setup in the cell
NRT DCH user(s) in the cell
PtxTotal received
Yes
PtxTotal >=PtxHighHSDPAPwr
NoPtxTargetPS >
PtxTargetPSTarget
Yes
No decrease
Check increase
No
Decrease PtxTargetPS
Dynamic NRT DCH scheduling PtxTargetPS decrease
PtxTargetPS is decreased if
PtxTotal > PtxHighHSDPAPwr
= HSDPA power congestion
& PtxTargetPS > PtxTargetPSTarget
Above target value
Amount of decrease is determined
by the management parameter
PtxTargetPSStepDown, but limited
to
PtxTargetPS PtxTargetPSTarget
PtxTargetPSTarget = target (ideal)value of the NRT DCH
scheduling target
D i NRT DCH h d li Pt T tPS i
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Dynamic NRT DCH scheduling PtxTargetPS increase
PtxTargetPS is increased if
PtxNonHSPA > PtxTargetPS - 1 dB
= Power congestion on DCH
& PtxTargetPS < PtxTargetPSTarget
Below target value
Amount of increase is determined by
the management parameterPtxTargetPSStepUp
PtxTargetPSTarget = target (ideal)value of the NRT DCH
scheduling target
MAC-d flow(s) setup in the cell
NRT DCH user(s) in the cell
PtxNonHSPA received
Yes
PtxNonHSPA >=
(PtxTargetPS - 1 dB)
Yes
No increaseCheck decrease
No
Increase PtxTargetPS
NoPtxTargetPS CodeMIN
Available SF128 codes
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RNC downgrades HS-PDSCH code(s) due to DPCH code congestion
RNC does not downgrade HS-PDSCH codes lower than the minimum allowed
number of HS-PDSCH codes
If RT request is congested due to lack of DPCH code(s), HS-PDSCH codes are
downgraded in order to admit RT request
If NRT DCH scheduling is congested due to lack of DPCH code(s), HS-PDSCH
codes are downgraded in order to admit NRT DCH request
# HS-PDSCH codes > Maximum code set- DPCHOverHSPDSCHThreshold
The number of HS-PDSCH codes after downgrade will be the highest possible
from the HS-PDSCH code set
HS-DSCH code downgrade Parameters
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Periodical HS-DSCH codedowngrade if the number of
currently available SF128codes is lower thanHSPDSCHMarginSF128(default 8)
HS-DSCH code downgrade
due to NRT DCH codecongestion is allowed ifnumber of currently allocatedHS-PDSCH codes is greaterthan Maximum code set-DPCHOverHSPDSCHThresh
old (default 0, no downgradepossible due to NRTcongestion !!!)
Numbero
fallocatedSF16codes
NumberofreservedS
F128codes
DPCHOverHSPDSCHThreshold
6
78
9
10
11
12
1314
15 Maximum in
code set
HSPDSCHMarginSF128
5
38
48
58
68
78
88
98
108118
128
0
Code tree optimisation
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After upgrade of the HS-PDSCH codes triggering condition of the code tree
optimisation procedure is checked
Code change procedure tries to re-arrange the DPCH codes in order to make
room for HS-PDSCH code upgrade
If there are DPCH codes in the shared code area (HSDPA codes taken from SF
16), the following conditions and rules are checked each time a DPCH code is
released:
1. Management parameterCodeTreeOptimisation is enabled in the cell
2. Number of currently allocated HS-PDSCH codes is lower than the maximum allowed
number of HS-PDSCH codes
3. DPCHs having only SRB DCH are not allowed to be re-arranged
4. Code reallocation is done only if number of free HS-PDSCH code is increased
Dynamic Resource Allocation Parameters
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WeightHSDPA
Range:1..100, step 1, Object:RNC
Default: WeightHSDPATHP1=100, WeightHSDPATHP2=75, WeightHSDPATHP3=50,WeightHSDPABG=25)
WeightDCH
Range:1..100, step 1, Object:RNC
Default: WeightDCHTHP1=90, WeightDCHTHP2=65, WeightDCHTHP3=40, WeightDCHBG=15
HSPDSCHCodeSet
Bitmask (16 bits, bit 5 = 5 codes enabled etc.), Default: with 5 codes 32 (bit 5 = 1), with 10 codes
1312, with 15 codes 54560 HSPDSCHAdjustPeriod
Range:1..60 s, step 1 s, Default:10 s, Object:RNC
HSPDSCHMarginSF128
Range and step: 0..128, step 1, Default value: 8, Object:WCEL
DPCHOverHSPDSCHThreshold
Range and step: 0..10, step 1 Default: 0, Object: WCEL CodeTreeOptimisation
Range and step: 0 (Optimisation not used), 1 (Optimisation used) Default: 1, Object: WCEL
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Example:Number of codes vs. PPP Throughput
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The average number of codes remains high even with low RSCP values
Maximum 10 codes available
Modulation is changed first to QPSK
Number of codes is maximised by the link adaptation algorithm for maximum spectral
efficiency
HSDPA number of codes
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
034
68
102
136
170
204
238
272
306
340
374
408
442
476
510
544
578
612
646
680
714
748
782
816
850
884
918
952
986
time / sec
PPPthroughput/bps
-140.0
-120.0
-100.0
-80.0
-60.0
-40.0
-20.0
0.0
avg. Codes
RSCP
Example: Used modulation 5 codes vs. 10 codesRSCP drops
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With 10 codes the modulation
is switched 16-QAM QPSK
prior to decreasing number ofcodes (you can see 5 or 10
codes in the picture but
change of modulation)
HSDPA modulation - 10 codes
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950
s
QPSK 16-QAM NA
HSDPA modulation - 5 codes
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950
s
QPSK 16-QAM NA
RSCP drops
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Example: DL throughput 5 codes
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Large variation on DL bit rate due to fading
Some packet drops also cause bit rate drop
DL PPP throughput
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
4000000
4500000
5000000
035
70
105
140
175
210
245
280
315
350
385
420
455
490
525
560
595
630
665
700
735
770
805
840
875
910
945
980
time / sec
PPPthroughput/bps
-140.0
-120.0
-100.0
-80.0
-60.0
-40.0
-20.0
0.0
PPP DL
RSCP
Module Contents
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RAS06 main features
HSDPA resource handling
HSDPA Dynamic Resource Allocation
HSDPA code multiplexing
HSDPA associated uplink DPCH scheduling
HSUPA resource Handling
Enhanced HSDPA mobility handling
HSDPA Code Multiplexing
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Optional feature HSDPA Code Multiplexing enables simultaneous transmission of
(max) three HSDPA users within a single cell during a single Transmission Time
Interval (TTI) HSDPA Code Multiplexing is activated in RNC by giving to cell level RNP parameter
MaxNbrOfHSSCCHCodes value that is bigger than 1
Each multiplexed HSDPA user needs own HS-SCCH code
This feature can not be used without HSDPA 15 Codes feature Nokia RAN uses at least 3 HS-PDSCH codes per one multiplexed HSDPA user
HSDPA 10 Mbps per User
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It is possible to increase the user throughput by separate licenced feature
This will be activated in RNC by changing the parameter
Maximum bitrate of NRT MAC-d flow from default 6784 kbps 9600 kbps
This is default for
7.2 Mbps
48 simultaneous HSDPA users per cell
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This licenced feature enables 48 simultaneous HSDPA users in one cell
Maximum number of HSDPA users depends on also configuration of BTS
Depending on activated features and BTS configuration the maximum is 16 per cell group (1-3 cells)
16 per cell
48 per cell group (1-3 cells)
48 per cell
A cell group builds up from those cells that are controlled by same MAC-HSscheduler in BTS
HSDPA 48 Users per Cell is activated with the RNC level RNP parameterHSDPA48UsersEnabled
Sensible Iub and BTS baseband dimensioning requires that also feature 16 kbit/sReturn Channel DCH Data Rate Support for HSDPA is in use + corresponding
other HSDPA bitrate parameters
Parameters
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MaxNbrOfHSSCCHCodes
Range and step: 1..3, step 1, Default value: 1, Object:WCEL
HSDPA48UsersEnabled
Range and step: 0 (Not in use), 1 (In use) Default value: 0, Object:RNC
HSDPA16KBPSReturnChannel
Range and step: 0 (Disabled), 1 (Enabled) Default value: 0, Object:RNC
HSDPAminAllowedBitrateUL
Range and step: 1 (16 kbps), 3 (64 kbps), 4 (128 kbps), 6 (384 kbps) Default 3,
Object: RNC
HSDPAinitialBitrateUL
Range and step: 1 (16 kbps), 3 (64 kbps), 4 (128 kbps), 6 (384 kbps) Default 3,
Object: RNC
Parameters in NEMU
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RNC Parameters
Example-Test cases
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No code mux
2 HSPA, Cat. 8 (10 codes)
1 HSDPA, Cat 6 (5 codes)
Code mux, 3 HS-SCCH
2 HSPA, Cat. 8
1 HSDPA, Cat 6
13 codes available for HSDPA
Code mux, 2 HS-SCCH (0 margin for DCH codes)
2 HSPA, Cat. 8
14 codes available for HSDPA
Example-Cell throughput
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Maximum achieved cell throughput 8.7 Mbit/s
Code multiplexing increases cell throughput by 40%
Cat 8 UEs are multiplexed to same TTI
Transport channel throughput
2460 2442
993
5896
3669 3521
1135
8325
4340 4363
8704
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
Cat 8 - 1 Cat 8 - 2 Cat 6 Cell
UE type, Cell
kbit/s
No mux
Code Mux 3-HS-SCCH
Code Mux 2-HS-SCCH
Example-Max cell throughput with code mux
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Theoretically maximum cell throughput of 14.05 Mbps (MAC-hs) is achieved with
code multiplexing of 2 UEs (8 + 7 codes)
TB size 14936 & 13177
Measurement result indicates average achieved TB size is less than 10900
Maximum cell throughput can not be achieved in used conditions
Final TBS
14155.0 13904.0
6898.3
10264.59585.2
6446.1
9616.7
10873.6
0.00.0
2000.0
4000.0
6000.0
8000.0
10000.0
12000.0
14000.0
16000.0
Cat 8 - 1 Cat 8 - 2 Cat 6
UE type
No mux
Code Mux 3-HS-SCCH
Code Mux 2-HS-SCCH
Scheduling example 3 HS-SCCH codes
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3 UEs used
13 codes divided to 2 UEs (no codes allocated for 3rd UE)
6 (Cat-8) + 7 (Cat-8) or 8 (Cat-8) + 5 (Cat-6)
Available power (15.7 W) divided equally to 2 UEs
UE
cat.
User No CQI Comp.
CQI
Modulation No of
PDSCH
codes
Final
TBS
PDSCH
power
(dBm)
8 36866 23 25 16QAM 7 10821 38.9688 36865 23 24 16QAM 6 8574 38.968
- - - - - - - -
6 36867 23 27 16QAM 5 7168 38.964
8 36865 23 24 16QAM 8 10629 38.964
- - - - - - - -
8 36866 23 25 16QAM 7 10821 38.978 36865 22 24 16QAM 6 8574 38.97
- - - - - - - -
Module Contents
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RAS06 main features
HSDPA resource handling
HSDPA Dynamic Resource Allocation
HSDPA code multiplexing
HSDPA associated uplink DPCH scheduling
HSUPA resource Handling
Enhanced HSDPA mobility handling
HSDPA associated uplink DPCH channel
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When the radio bearer is mapped onto HS-DSCH transport channel in downlink,
either E-DCH or DCH is allocated in uplink as a return channel
Supported data rates for UL DCH return channel are 16, 64, 128 and 384 kbit/s 16 kbps UL DCH return channel is an optional feature, which can be activated by the
operator with the management parameterHSDPA16KBPSReturnChannel
Minimum allowed bit rate with HSDPAminAllowedBitrateUL parameter
Not limited by BitRateSetPSNRT
PS: HS-DSCH (DL)
PS: DCH (UL)
PS: HS-DSCH (DL)
PS: DCH (UL)
HSDPA associated uplink DPCH scheduling
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If the HS-DSCH allocation is triggered by uplink, normal NRT DCH schedulingrules are applied
If the traffic volume measurement indicates High traffic volume, the RNC attempts toallocate a return channel with the highest possible bit rate
TrafVolThresholdULHigh parameter
If the traffic volume measurement indicates Low traffic volume, the RNC attempts toallocate a return channel with configured initial bit rate
HSDPAinitialBitrateUL parameter
If the HS-DSCH allocation is triggered by downlink, the RNC attempts to allocatethe uplink with the HSDPAinitialBitrateUL parameter
In the case of direct DCH to HS-DSCH switch, the HSDPA UL DCH bit rate canbe same as existing DCH UL bit rate
If even initial bit rate or higher can not be allocated, HS-DSCH allocation is notpossible
DL/UL DCH is scheduled to the UE
HSDPA associated uplink DPCH scheduling
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The following existing functionalities are applied to the HSDPA-associated UL
DCH:
Priority-based scheduling and overload control Decrease of the retried NRT DCH bit rate
RT-over-NRT
Throughput-based optimisation
Upgrade of NRT DCH Data Rate (Normal or Flexible upgrade)
Throughput-based optimisation and Flexible upgrade can be disabled for HSDPA
associated uplink DPCH with DynUsageHSDPAReturnChannel
Example use case 1: HSDPA UL DCH with initial bitrate 64 kbps
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The initial bit rate (HSDPAinitialBitrateUL) is set to 64 kbps. The minimum bit rate
is set to 16 kbps (HSDPAminAllowedBitrateUL)
64
kbps
384
128
t
0
Capacity
Request
(Traf.vol
measurement
low)
Initial bitrate
64 kbps
Decrease of the
retried NRT DCH
bitrate
Priority based
scheduling/
RT-over-NRT
Minimum bitrate
16 kbps
Capacity
Request
(Traf.vol
measurement
high)
Capacity
Request
(Traf.vol
measurement
high)
t1
t2
t3
t5
16
t4
Example use case 2: Initial bit rate 128 kbps
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Example- DL performance with 16 kbits/s returnchannel
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DL average throughput was limited 878 kbit/s
Max. 1.077 Mbit/s
TTI reservation 46%
Average TB size 5100 bits (min 4400, max 6400)
PPP throughput - DL
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
020
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
440
460
480
500
520
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
720
740
time
PPPthroughput/bps
Parameters
HSDPA16KBPSReturnChannel
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HSDPA16KBPSReturnChannel
Range and step: 0 (Disabled), 1 (Enabled), Default value: 0, Object:RNC
HSDPAminAllowedBitrateUL
Range and step: 1 (16 kbps), 3 (64 kbps), 4 (128 kbps), 6 (384 kbps), Default value: 3 , Object:RNC
BitRateSetPSNRT
Range and step: 0 (Predefined bit rate set is not in use = All supported bit rates are in use), 1 (Predefined bitrate set is in use), Default value: 0, Object:RNC
TrafVolThresholdULHigh
Range and step: 0 (8 bytes), 1 (16 bytes), 2 (32 bytes), 3 (64 bytes), 4 (128 bytes), 5 (256 bytes), 6 (512bytes), 7 (1024 bytes. 1 KB), 8 (2048 bytes. 2 KB), 9 (3072 bytes. 3 KB), 10 (4096 bytes. 4 KB), 11 (6144
bytes. 6 KB), 12 (8192 bytes. 8KB), 13 (12288 bytes. 12 KB), 14 (16384 bytes. 16 KB), 15 (24576 bytes. 24KB), Default value: 7, Object:RNC
TrafVolThresholdULLow
Range and step: 8 (8 bytes), 16 (16 bytes), 32 (32 bytes), 64 (64 bytes), 128 (128 bytes), 256 (256 bytes), 512(512 bytes), 1024 (1 KB) Default value: 128, Object:RNC
HSDPAinitialBitrateUL
Range and step: 1 (16 kbps), 3 (64 kbps), 4 (128 kbps), 6 (384 kbps), Default value: 3, Object:RNC
DynUsageHSDPAReturnChannel Range and step: 0 (Off), 1 (On), Default value: 0, Object:RNC
Parameters in NEMU
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Module Contents
RAS06 main features Basic Signalling
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RAS06 main features
HSDPA resource handling
HSUPA resource Handling HSUPA Overview
HSUPA Packet Scheduling
HSUPA Mobility
HSUPA Release
Enhanced HSDPA mobility handling
Basic Signalling
Ue Capability
Transport Block size Happy Bit
HSUPA - General principle
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E-AGCH (Grant allowed power)
E-DPDCH (data)+ E-DPCCH(ctrl ch (bit)
E-HICH (Ack/Nack, Layer1)
E-RGCH (Granting more or less power, or hold)
Serving cell
Cell in active set
HSUPA UE
E-DPDCH + E-DPCCH (scheduling request)
Node B completes scheduling based on happy bit and cellload
Node B grants the E-DPDCH transmit power ratio eachUE is allowed to use
UE selects the highest bit rate that it is allowed accordingthe granted power and the allowed Transport FormatCombination Set (TFCS)
UE is allowed to use the scheduled bit rate until receiving
the next grantSHO is supported.Non serving cell can only send
down/hold power commands.
E-DCH Transport Block Sizes RAS06 supports 10 ms TTI and Transport Block (TB)
size table 1
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This table is optimised by 3GPP for RLC PDU sizes of
336 and 656 bits
The UE must select an appropriate TB size from thistable as part of E-TFC selection
Example RLC throughput calculation based upon this
table
Maximum transport block size = 19950 bits
MAC-e/es header = 18 bits => maximum number of RLC PDU = (19950-18)/336=59
Typical RLC payload = 320 bits
RLC throughput = 320 * 59 / 0.01 = 1.888 Mbps
TB Indices of 0, 1 and 2 are not possible because they
are unable to accommodate 1 RLC PDU
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Happy Bit
Happy Bit forms input for MAC-e scheduler
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Happy bit is included as part of E-DPCCH
The Happy Bit Delay Condition defines the duration over which to evaluate
the current grant relative to the total buffer status
The happy bit is set to unhappy if all 3 of the following are true: UE is transmitting as much scheduled data as allowed by the current serving grant
UE has sufficient power available to transmit at a higher data rate
Based upon the same power offsets as used for that TTI, the total buffer status would require more than Happy Bit Delay
Condition ms to be sent with the current serving grant * active HARQ processes / total HARQ processes
HappyBitDelayConditionEDCH RNC
Parameter Scope Range Default 50 ms
This parameter determines the value for the Happy Bit Delay Condition. This information element is signalled to the UE usingthe RRC protocol. The UE uses this parameter to help set the happy bit.
2, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200,
500, 1000 ms
Always equal to 1 for 10 ms TTI
Module Contents
RAS06 main features
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RAS06 main features
HSDPA resource handling
HSUPA resource Handling
HSUPA Overview
HSUPA Packet Scheduling
HSUPA Mobility
HSUPA Release
Enhanced HSDPA mobility handling
HSUPA Requirements & Parameters
Feature requirements:
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HSDPA Basic HSDPA, RAN763
HSDPA Serving cell change feature, RAN828 HSDPA Dynamic resource allocation, RAN312
When basic HSUPA and HSUPA basic RRM are active, also HSUPA handoverand HSUPA BTS packet scheduler become automatically available
Parameter requirements:
Definition of HSPA FMCS_id if ADJS are present for the WCEL (same of FMCx ofHSDPA could be initially used)
Parameter HSUPAEnabled set to "enabled"
This action require cell locking
HSUPA must be activated in all the cells under the same frequency in the same node-B: there cannot be cells with HSUPA and cells without HSUPA under the same
frequency in the same node-B
HSUPA Requirements & Parameters
The EDCHQOSClasses parameter can be used to select which traffic classes
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The EDCHQOSClassesparameter can be used to select which traffic classes
are able to use HSUPA.
This parameter must be configured to be consistent with the equivalent HSDPAparameter (HSDSCHQoSclasses).
Max number of HSUPA connections
per cell (MaxNum berEDCHCell, max 20)
per logical cell group (MaxNumb erEDCHLCG, max 24).
It is also possible to reserve a subset of the total number of connections forHSUPA soft handover (NumberEDCHReservedSHOBranchAddit ions)
The MaxTotalUpl inkSymbolRate(wrong name,should be bitrate!)parameter
defines the maximum symbol rate per HSDPA connection.
3840 kbps for RAN979 HSUPA 2.0 Mbps
1920 kbps for maximum bit rate of 1.44 Mbps.
HSUPA Packet Scheduler
Node B scheduler shares resources between UE with HSUPA connections
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RNC scheduler continues to manage R99 DCH connections
Similar to HSDPA scheduler in MAC-hs, HSUPA scheduler in MAC-e is fasterthan an RNC scheduler
HSUPA throughput is controlled with absolute and relative grants
Scheduling period is 10 ms
Zero Grant
8
16
32
64
128
384
256
Zero Grant
8
16
32
64
128
384
256
Zero Grant
8
16
32
64
128
384
256
1. RNC limits the E-TFCI based upon UEcapability and QoS profile
2. Node B limits E-TFCI based upon packet
scheduling principles
3. UE limits E-TFCI based upon transmit power
capability
4. UE selects E-TFCI based upon data to be
transferred
1.
RNC Node B
2.
UE
3.
4.
HSUPA Packet Scheduler
HSUPA scheduler combines throughput and load based algorithms
Throughput based scheduling is applied for lower loads
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Throughput based scheduling is applied for lower loads
Power based scheduling is applied for higher loads
Scheduler uses absolute and relative grants to maximise the utilisation of
every user and minimise the difference between the requested and allocated
bit rates
Scheduling decisions are based on the
Uplink interference margin
Physical layer feedback (happy bit)
Iub capacity
Available baseband processing capacity
Prx
PrxLoadMarginEDCH
PrxMaxTargetBTS
Throughput-based Power-basedRNC PS
DCH
scheduling
domain
Minimum Throughput for E-DCH scheduling in BTS
BTS does not do any power estimations and interference threshold checkings
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y p g
until own cell load (for DCH and E-DCH) is higher than minimum UL own cell load
factor
Node B Scheduling Procedure PS NRT DCH (R99) users and HSPA users share the same interference power resource
which is left over from the RT DCH users.
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PrxTarget is used when there are no E-DCH connection with the cell.
Dynamic target Prx_Target_PS is used when one or more E-DCH connections have been
established.
Prx_Target_PS is applicable to NRT scheduling and can be adjusted between
PrxTargetPSMax and PrxTargetPSMin.
RT admission control continues to use PrxTargetHSUPA activeNo HSUPA users No HSUPA users
PrxTargetPSMin
PrxTarget
PrxNC
PrxNRT
PrxEDCHPrxTargetPSMax
Prx_Target_PS
PrxMaxTargetBTS Prx_Target_PS is applicableto NRT scheduling and can be
adjusted betweenPrxTargetPSMax and
PrxTargetPSMin
RNC sends PrxMaxTargetBTS and Lmincell to the Node B
Node B Scheduling Procedure (Initial Conditions)
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Soc Classification level
-105
-104
-103
-102
-101
-100
-99
-98
-97
-96
-95
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Load
RTWP(dBm) PrxMaxTargetBTS (from
RNC)
Node B calculates the maximum target load from PrxTarget BTS
Lmincell (from
RNC)
Max Cell Load
(Calculated from PrxMaxTargetBTS)
Throughput based Power
based
Own Cell Load
Node B calculates the own cell load
Node B Scheduling Procedure (Throughput Based)
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-105
-104
-103
-102
-101
-100
-99
-98
-97
-96
-95
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Load
RTWP(dBm) PrxMaxTargetBTS (from
RNC)
Lmincell (from
RNC)
Max Cell Load
(Calculated from PrxMaxTarget)
Own Cell Load
If calculated own cell load is less than Lmincell then throughputbased
scheduling can be applied to increase the own cell load to Lmincell
Calculated Own
Cell Load
Schedule
Resource
If calculated own cell load is greater than Lmincell thenpower based
scheduling is applied to increase the total cell load to Max Cell Load
Node B Scheduling Procedure (Power Based I)
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-105
-104
-103
-102
-101
-100
-99
-98
-97
-96
-95
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Load
RTWP(dBm) PrxMaxTargetBTS (from
RNC)
Lmincell (from
RNC)
Max Cell Load
(Calculated from PrxMaxTarget)
Own Cell Load
scheduling is applied to increase the total cell load to Max Cell Load
Calculated Own
Cell Load
Node B measures actual RTWP and calculates the actual load
Node B Scheduling Procedure (Power Based II)
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-105
-104
-103
-102
-101
-100
-99
-98
-97
-96
-95
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Load
RTWP(dBm) PrxMaxTargetBTS (from
RNC)
Lmincell (from
RNC)
Max Cell Load
(Calculated from PrxMaxTarget)
Own Cell Load
Calculated Own
Cell Load
Measured RTWP
(Received Total
Wideband Power)Schedule
Resource
Calculated Total
Cell Load
Parameters for Node B Scheduling (I)
PrxMaxTargetBTS WCEL
Parameter Scope Range Default 6 dB
0 to 30, step 0.1 dB
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This parameter is transferred from the RNC to the Node B using the NBAP Physical Shared
Channel Reconfiguration Request message
The information element used within this message is:
An absolute value is signalled so the value has to be updated if PrxNoise changes
It is suggested to configure this parameter to be greater than PrxTarget + PrxOffsetbecause the Node B is more responsive than the RNC
The maximum target for received total wide band power in the cell for BTS packet scheduling. The value of the
PrxMaxTargetBTS is relative to the system noise. It gives an upper threshold for the noise rise: the ratio of the total receiveduplink power to system noise
Parameters for Node B Scheduling (II)
Parameter Scope Range Default -101.9 dBm
130 t 50 t
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This parameter is transferred from the RNC to the Node B using the NBAP Physical Shared
Channel Reconfiguration Request message
The information element used within this message is:
If PrxNoise changes as a result of auto-tuning or a parameter change then the Node B is
informed of the change
PrxNoise WCEL
Defines the noise level in the BTS digital receiver when there is no load (thermal noise + noise figure). This parameter isrequired for noise rise calculations.
-130 to -50, step
0.1 dBm
Parameters for Node B Scheduling (III)
PrxLoadMarginEDCH WCEL
Parameter Scope Range Default 2 dB
0 to 30 step
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inEDCHxLoadMP
PL
noiserx
noiserx
minCELLargPr
1_
_
Default PrxLoadMarginEDCH of 2 dB corresponds to a load of 37 %
Configuring a value of 0 dB makes the scheduler completely power based
The following calculation is completed by the RNC to translate the noise rise to an uplink cell
load:
PrxLoadMarginEDCH WCEL 0 to 30, step0.1 dB
Defines the own cell uplink load (DCH and E-DCH) threshold used to trigger the use of power based scheduling. Throughputbased scheduling is used when the own cell load is below this threshold.
Private NBAP message is used to transfer LminCELL to the Node B
Downlink Physical Channels-Transmit PowerParameters
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PtxOffsetEHICH WCEL -32 to 31.75, step 0.25 dB
Parameter Scope Range Default -11 dB
Transmission power of the E-HICH. E-HICH power is relative to the transmission power of primary CPICH.
PtxOffsetERGCH WCEL -32 to 31.75, step 0.25 dB
Parameter Scope Range Default -11 dB
Transmission power of the E-RGCH. E-RGCH power is relative to the transmission power of primary CPICH.
PtxOffsetEAGCH WCEL -32 to 31.75, step 0.25 dB
Parameter Scope Range Default -5 dB
Transmission power of the E-AGCH. E-AGCH power is relative to the transmission power of primary CPICH.
Serving Grant Calculation HSUPA power is adjusted based on Serving Grant info send to the
Ue (E-DPDCH to DPCCH power)
Mapping between kbps figure and Serving Grant Value done in
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Mapping between kbps figure and Serving Grant Value done in
Node B
Initial bitrate of 32 kbps used with radio bearer reconfiguration
message which is send to Ue (no E-AGCH or E-RGCH used
here)
The E-AGCH can rapidly increase the bit rate if UE is unhappy
(single Ue in the cell)
With many UEs is the cell the E-RGCH is used to increase the
power (the data buffer is full in UE and there is capacity in Node B)
Step size 1
One upgrade per scheduling period (10ms)
E-RGCH used to send the down command (happy or congestion)
One downgrade per scheduling period (10ms)
Step size 1
The E-AGCH can rapidly increase the bit rate allocated to a UE
Fast Ramp-Up of Bit Rate
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The E AGCH can rapidly increase the bit rate allocated to a UE
This is applicable if there is a single modifiable UE which is unhappy
The UE bit rate is not allowed to increase while the PS Upgrade Timer
(Tup) is running
Node B attempts to assign the available resources to that UE using
the E-AGCH
Tup Default 50 ms
The period during which a UE grant is
not allowed to increase
Non-Configurable
Scheduling Procedure (I) The scheduling procedure is
completed every 10 ms
Handling non-serving cell overload
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The scheduler shall transmit the Down grant to UE whose serving E-DCH RL is not
provided by that Node-B if the following criteria are true:
RTWP Measured > Max. Target RTWP
Non-serving E-DCH to Total E-DCH Power Ratio > Target Ratio
TargetNSEDCHToTotalEDCHPR WCEL
Parameter Scope Range Default 50 %
This parameter defines the target ratio of the power from UEs for which this cell is a non-serving radio link and the total
received E-DCH power. If this target is exceeded and also the experienced total RTWP is higher than the target RTWP
signalled from the CRNC, the BTS is allowed to send to a non-serving radio link RG Down command. Information is signalled
to the BTS using the NBAP: Target Non-serving E-DCH to Total E-DCH Power Ratio information element.
0 to 100, step 1 %
E-RGCH used to send the down command
Scheduling Procedure Handling non-serving cell overload
Handling congestion indicators
The load of the serving and non serving cell
should not be too high
Iub congestion should not be too high (Delay
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Handling Low Utilisation UE
Lrx_EDCH_Allowed =
Max(Lrx_EDCH_Power, Lrx_EDCH_Throughput)
Lrx_EDCH_Allowed > 0
Load increase
estimation
Allocate Grant
Load decrease
estimation
Allocate Grant
Calculate the maximum of the loadincreases allowed by the throughput and
power based thresholds
If either is positive then the E-DCH load
can be increased
Otherwise, the E-DCH load is decreased
Yes No
Iub congestion should not be too high ( Delay
Build-up or Frame Loss)
Ue uses lower grant than allocated by
Node B
Load Increase Estimation
Single Modifiable unhappy UE?Yes
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g ppy
Fast Ramp-UpProcedure
Increase the bit rate of the
modifiable unhappy UE using theE-RGCH
Load increaseestimation
Modifiable unhappy UE Exists?
Sufficient margin to allow an
increaseHardware resources available?
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Exit
No No
Load Decrease Estimation
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Load remains above Target?
Decrease the UE bit rate using
the E-RGCH
Active E-DCH Exists?
Yes
Yes
No
Exit
Load decrease
estimation
No
Exit
Other Scheduling Mechanisms
All of the following mechanisms use the E-AGCH
f f
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The following scenarios result in a decrease of the allocated grant
If a UE is detected to be using DTX
If a UE is received with very poor quality
If a UE is detected to be using more than its allocated grant
If there is a limitation in terms of Node B processing resources
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Examples-HSUPA data rate Limitation
Limitation of HSUPA data rate
100%
Power Grant Data
This picture shows what was thelimiting factor of the throughputduring the data transfer.
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0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950
s
Grant 92% of time
Data 6% of time UL Power 1% o time
Data means that Ue hadempty buffer no new data tosend
At low RSCP more samples withUL Power limitation
But also a bit more Datalimitation, most likely iscaused by the UL powerlimitation caused TCP/IPcongestion control to kick in
Examples-Average HSUPA TB Size
average HSUPA TB size The TB size was
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average HSUPA TB size
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950s
bit
The TB size wasmost of the time20000
Some variationclearly visible duringthe lower RSCP.
Examples-SG and AG Relative to RSCP From the graph below it can bee seen that at low RSCP the UE tx power is increased as
well as there are more Absolute Grants given to the terminal at lower RSCP
This can be explained by the fact that the terminal power control does not necessarily
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Soc Classification level-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
-85 -80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50 -45 -4
RSCP [dBm]
SGRANT UETXP AGRANT as SG Measured MACe tput [mbps]*10
always follow the sudden power changes related to high throughput at cell edge
causing some increased interference spikes at the BTS This in turn causes the BTS to reduce aggressively (fast with big change) the throughput
and therefore Absolute Grants are used (providing absolute limit for throughput without any
limit of change
This can be seen as greater fluctuation of throughput at lower RSCP
At high RSCP the absolute grantis seldom used and therefore also
the throughput is having less
fluctuation compared to low
RSCP
10 140
Happy bit Grant Type Allocated E-TFCI
HSUPA Throughput Test Analysis Downgrades andUpgrades
Grant Type:
3 = Downgrade by RGCH
2 = Upgrade by RGCH
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2332
2342
2352
2362
2372
2382
2392
2402
2412
2422
2432
2442
2452
2462
2472
2482
2492
2502
2512
2522
2532
2542
2552
2562
2572
2582
2592
2602
2612
2622
2632
2642
2652
2662
2672
2682
2692
2702
2712
2722
2732
2742
2752
2762
2772
2782
2792
2802
2812
2822
2832
2842
2852
2862
2872
2882
2892
2902
2912
2922
2932
2942
2952
2962
2972
2982
2992
3002
3012
3022
3032
3042
3052
3062
3072
3082
SFN
HappyBit&
GrantType
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
E-TFCI
pg y
1 = Upgrade/Downgrade by AGCH
Module Contents
RAS06 main features
HSDPA resource handling
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g
HSUPA resource Handling HSUPA Overview
HSUPA Packet Scheduling
HSUPA Mobility
HSUPA Release
HSUPA Mobility
Intra-frequency mobility allows soft and softer handovers
Separate reservation of E-DCH allocations (for soft/softer ho) are made using the
NumberEDCHReservedSHOBranchAdditions
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NumberEDCHReservedSHOBranchAdditions
Inter-frequency and inter-system mobility is provided via DCH in the sameway as for HSDPA
E-DCH serving cell is always the same as HS-DSCH serving cell
HS-DSCH serving cell change and HS-DSCH serving cell selection
algorithms are not changed due to HSUPA
It is more critical for HSDPA than for HSUPA that the serving cell is the bestcell as HSDPA does not have soft handover like in HSUPA
The cell which cannot be added to E-DCH active set should not cause
problems-> Quality triggers
E-DCH Active Set E-DCH active set is a subset of the DCH active set
Maximum number of cells in E-DCH active set is 3 (same as for DCH)
Cells can be left out from the E-DCH active set but included within the DCH
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Cells can be left out from the E-DCH active set but included within the DCH
active set due to: HSUPA is not enabled for the cell (HSUPAEnabled)
The cell belongs to a DRNC (E-DCH over Iur is not supported)
The maximum number of E-DCH users is reached for that cell or BTS local
cell group
There are no free E-DCH resources within the BTS local cell group
The active set can contain both softer and soft handover radio links
The E-DCH and DCH active sets have to be identical in softer handover
The E-DCH and DCH active sets can be different for soft handover and so
cells can be added only to the DCH active set
The cell shall be added to the E-DCH active set later if possible by using
internal retry timer(Minimum(10 s, NUMBER OF FAILS * 2 s))
Measurement reporting and Serving HS-DSCH CellChange
Event Description Actions on HSDPA
1A A primary CPICH enters the reporting
range.Start HSDPA specific measurements
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g
1B A primary CPICH (Serving HS-DSCH cell)leaves the reporting range. Trigger for serving HS-DSCH cell change
1C A non-active primary CPICH becomes
better than an active (Serving HS-DSCH
cell) one
Trigger for serving HS-DSCH cell change
6F/6G UE Rx-Tx time difference for a RL
included in the active set becomes larger
than an absolute threshold
Trigger for serving HS-DSCH cell change
1F A primary CPICH goes below the absolute
threshold.Trigger for releasing the HS-DSCH MAC-d flow (after 1F for
all AS cells) + for AMR multi-RAB inter-frequency/-RAT
measurements
6A UE Tx power exceeds the absolute
threshold.Trigger for releasing the HS-DSCH MAC-d flow + for AMR
multi-RAB inter-frequency/-RAT measurements
Uplink quality deterioration report (in RNC) Trigger for releasing the HS-DSCH MAC-d flow
DL transmitted code power > limit Trigger for releasing the HS-DSCH MAC-d flow + for AMRmulti-RAB inter-frequency/-RAT measurements
HS-DSCH SCC change, E-DCH selected or not ? When HS-DSCH serving cell change is triggered, it is checked if DCH E-DCH
channel type switch is required
DCH allocated in the UL
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RNC checks if E-DCH can be selected
Serving cell must support E-DCH
Non-serving cells in DCH active set which cannot be added to the E-DCH active set
must not have too high CPICH Ec/Io reported by the UE
E-DCH allocated in the UL
RNC checks if E-DCH can be maintained
Serving cell must support E-DCH
Non-serving cells in DCH active set which cannot be added to the E-DCH active set
must not have too high CPICH Ec/Io reported by the UE
E-DCH area
Non-E-DCH
area
Non-E-DCH
area
HSUPA mobilityquality triggers
HSUPA should be enabled in all cells in Node B
UE can have an active set which includes both E-DCH and DCH cells
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The DCH cells can trigger E-DCH to DCH channel type switching to DCH cells are unable to control the E-DPDCH transmit power because they are not
configured with the E-RGCH
EDCHRemEcNoOffset
defines a window above the
CPICH Ec/Io of the HSUPAserving cell (default 2 dB)
EDCHCTSwitchGuardTimer
parameter defines a time
window during which channel
type switching from DCH to E-
DCH is disallowed after aswitch from E-DCH to DCH
(default 2s)
HSUPA mobilityquality triggers
If the initial channel allocation (initial channel type selection between DCH and E-
DCH), or channel type switch from DCH to E-DCH, the E-DCH cannot be
allocated because the E DCH active set is not acceptable the RNC starts to
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allocated, because the E-DCH active set is not acceptable, the RNC starts to
follow if E-DCH active set changes to acceptable
E-DCH active set can change to acceptable if the cell which is not in E-DCH
active becomes weak enough or is removed from the DCH active set.
EDCHAddEcNoOffsetparameter
defines a window below the CPICH
Ec/Io of the HSDPA serving cell
(default 0 dB)
Parameter sets in soft handover
The WCEL:HSPAFmcsident i f ieris used when a single NRT PS RAB is
establsihed having HS_DSCH and E-DCH transport channel allocated
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The optional feature RAN974 allows a CS speech connection to be established
simultaneously with an HSUPA PS data connection. The RNC:AMRwithEDCH
parameter activates this capability if the optional feature has been enabled.
The WCEL: RTWithHSPAFmcsIdent i f ieris used when AMR speech CS RAB is
established simultaneously with an NRT PS RAB having HS-DSCH and E-DCH
transport channel allocated.
HSUPA Throughput during SCC- example
edtoactiveset
pedfroma
ctiveset
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Throughput vs. time
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
7:56:43
7:56:43
7:56:44
7:56:44
7:56:45
7:56:45
7:56:46
7:56:47
7:56:47
7:56:48
7:56:48
7:56:49
7:56:49
7:56:50
7:56:51
7:56:51
7:56:52
7:56:52
7:56:53
7:56:53
7:56:54
7:56:54
7:56:55
Time
Tput(Mbps)
MACTPUTUL
GRANTEDTPUT
2ndc
ella
dde
1st celld
rop
Gap ~600ms
Inter-RNC HSPA Cell Change, Effect on User Plane
Without Inter-RNC HSPA Cell Change With Inter-RNC HSPA Cell Change
on a DCH, in this case only oneHHO relocation triggeredRelocation triggered
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2,5Mbit/s
second on a 64/64, actual user plane
break in this case ~4.5 s
HSPA to DCH switchDCH to HSPA switch
Implementation with Inter-RNC HSPA CC:
Improved end user experience, HSPA high data
rates can be maintained in RNC border areas
User plane data break in average= 1.4 seconds
Implementation at RAS06 E4:
HSPA service is switched to DCH at the RNC
border area
Module Contents
RAS06 main features
HSDPA resource handling
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HSUPA resource Handling HSUPA Overview
HSUPA Packet Scheduling
HSUPA Mobility
HSUPA Release
E-DCH Connection Release (I)
Low throughput is used to trigger a release of the E-DCH
The MAC layer within the RNC is responsible for monitoring throughput
f f
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EDCHMACdFlowThroughputAveWin defines a sliding window for the throughput
measurement
Measurement window is moved every TTI
Throughput is calculated every TTI
Measurement window has to be full of samples before the first throughput measurement
result is calculated
If the first activity of a MAC-d flow is not detected within
(EDCHMACdFlowThroughputAveWin + 2 s), the MAC layer sends a low throughput
indication to layer 3
E-DCH Connection Release (II) Timer is started if throughput EDCHMACdFlowThroughputRelThr
Timer is stopped and reset if throughput returns above
EDCHMACdFlowThroughputRelThr
Low throughput indication is sent if timer reaches
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TTI
EDCHMACdFlowThroughputAveWin
ThroughputResult
EDCHMACdFlowThroughputTimetoTrigger
Low throughput indication
sent to layer 3
Normal throughput indication
sent to layer 3
EDCHMACdFlowThroughputRelThr
Low throughput indication is sent if timer reaches
EDCHMACdFlowThroughputTimetoTrigger
IfEDCHMACdFlowThroughputTimetoTrigger = 0 then low throughput indication is
sent immediately
If the low throughput indication has been sent and throughput returns above
threshold then normal throughput indication is sent to layer 3
E-DCH Connection Release (III)
E-DCH is not necessarily released as soon as the low throughput indication is sent
because the release also depends upon HS-DSCH throughput and utilisation
Layer 3 starts to release downlink HS-DSCH and corresponding E-DCH if:
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HS-DSCH MAC-d flow has low utilization and E-DCH can be released as a resultof low throughput
Or
HS-DSCH MAC-d flow has low throughput and E-DCH can be released. In this
case UE specific timerHsdschGuardTimerLowThroughputis started
Low utilisation measurement is not applicable to E-DCH because the RNC does not
have visibility of the uplink transmit buffer occupancy (Node B quantifies E-DCH
utilisation by measuring activity on the E-DPDCH)
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Parameters for E-DCH Release (II)
EDCHMACdFlowThroughputAveWin RNC 0.5 to 10, step 0.5 s
Parameter Scope
Range Default 3 s
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This parameter defines the size of sliding averaging window for the throughput measurement of the E-DCH NRT MAC-dflow. The throughput measurement measures the number of bits transmitted by E-DCH MAC-d flow during the sliding
measurement window. Value 0 of the parameter means that E-DCH MAC-d flow throughput measurement is not performed.
Recommended