Reading is pleasant. We have a fondness of reading. He gives attention to reading. I love reading....

Gerunds

Reading is pleasant.We have a fondness of reading.

He gives attention to reading.

I love reading.We learn by reading.

Gerund

English = -ingDifferent from “–Ing Participle” because of the way it acts.

Gerund acts like a NOUNShe is desirous of reading.

“–Ing Participle” acts like an ADJECTIVEThe woman reading is my aunt.

Gerund = Verbal Noun

donuts.

pretty woman

Gerunds are always:NeuterSingularActive

Nominative = InfinitiveReading is pleasant.Legere est iucundum.

Gerund = Verbal Noun

All other cases use the same form as the Future Passive Participle.

2nd PP – RE + ND + endingsGenitive = legendīDative = legendōAccusative = legendumAblative = legendō

Gerund = Verbal Noun

of readingto/for

readingreading

by reading

Reading is pleasant.We have a fondness of reading.

He gives attention to reading.

I love reading.We learn by reading.

Gerund = Verbal Noun

Legere est iucundum.We have a fondness of reading.

He gives attention to reading.

I love reading.We learn by reading.

Gerund = Verbal Noun

Legere est iucundum.Habemus studium legendī.

He gives attention to reading.

I love reading.We learn by reading.

Gerund = Verbal Noun

Legere est iucundum.Habemus studium legendī.

Operam dat legendō.I love reading.We learn by reading.

Gerund = Verbal Noun

Legere est iucundum.Habemus studium legendī.

Operam dat legendō.Amo legendum.We learn by reading.

Gerund = Verbal Noun

Legere est iucundum.Habemus studium legendī.

Operam dat legendō.Amo legendum.Discimus legendō.

Gerund = Verbal Noun

1st Conjugation

NOM amāreGEN amandīDAT amandōACCamandumABL amandō

2nd Conjugation

NOM vidēreGEN videndīDAT videndōACCvidendumABL videndō

3rd Conjugation

NOM ducereGEN ducendīDAT ducendōACCducendum

ABL ducendō

4th Conjugation

NOM audīreGENaudiendī

DAT audiendōACCaudiendum

ABL audiendō

Ad + ACCUSATIVE“for the purpose of…”

GENITIVE + causā / gratiā“for the sake of…”

He went to the library to read.Ivit ad bibliothecam ad legendum.Ivit ad bibliothecam legendī causā.Ivit ad bibliothecam legendī gratiā.

PURPOSE using Gerunds