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MIDTERM MIDTERM COVERAGECOVERAGE
READING KEYBOARD OUTPUT
SCANNER SCANNER CLASS(CLASS(REFRESHREFRESH))Ex. Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in)
Declares a variable named keyboard
Creates a Scanner object in memory. Read input from System.in
SCANNER SCANNER CLASS(CLASS(MethodsMethods))STRINGBytesIntegersLong integersShort integersFloatDoubles
SCANNER SCANNER CLASS(CLASS(MethodsMethods))For example: int number; Scanner keyboard= new
Scanner(System.in);System.out.print(“Enter an integer value”); number= keyboard.nextInt();
Therefore, this statement formats the input that was entered @ the keyboard as an int.
SCANNER SCANNER CLASS(CLASS(MethodsMethods)) nextByte – returns input as Byte nextDouble – returns input as
Double. nextFloat – returns input as Float nextInt – returns input as an Int nextLine – return input as String. nextLong – return input as a long next Short – return input as a
short.
SCANNER SCANNER CLASS(CLASS(MethodsMethods))
EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION
Payroll.java
DIALOG BOXESDIALOG BOXESCONCEPT:
JOptionPane class allows a user to display a Dialog Box.
Dialog Box – is a small graphical window that displays a message to the user or request input. We can quickly display dialog boxes w/ JOptionPane class.
DIALOG BOXESDIALOG BOXESTypes of DIALOG BOXES
Message Dialog – a dialog box that displays a message; an OK button is also displayed.
Input Dialog – dialog box tat prompts the user for input & provides text field where input is typed; an OK button and a CANCEL button are also displayed.
DIALOG BOXESDIALOG BOXESBeginning Statement in your
code when using JoptionPane: import javax. swing.JOptionPane;
Purpose: this statement tells the compiler where to find the JOptionPane class, and make it available to your program.
Message DialogsMessage Dialogs showMessageDialog method- is used
to display a message dialog box.Statement to call the method: JOptionPane.showMessageDialog (null, “HELLO
WORLD”);
ARGUMENT PURPOSE: null – causes the dialog box to be displayed in the
center of the screen.HELLO WORLD – the message we want to display in
the dialog box.
INPUT DIALOGSINPUT DIALOGS showInputDialog method – to display
an input dialog in JOptionPane class.
Statement to call the method: String name; name = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(“Enter
your name.”);
Sample CodeSample Code import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
public class Names {
public static void main (String [ ] args)
{
firstName= JOptionPane.showInputDialog(“What’s your firstname”);
middleName=JOptionPane.showInputDialog(“What’s your middle name”);
lastName=JOptionPane.showInputDialog(“What’s your Last Name”);
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, “HELLO” +firstName + “ “ + middleName + “ “ + lastName);
System.exit (0); This statement causes the program to end, & is
required if we use the JOptionPane class to display dialog
box.
} }
Disadvantage of JOptionPaneDisadvantage of JOptionPaneJOptionPane class does not have
different methods for reading values of different data types as input.
showInputDialog method always returns the user’s input as a String.
Problem when use in Math operation.Because we cannot perform math on
strings.In such case, you must convert the
input to a numeric value.
Methods for converting strings to Methods for converting strings to numbersnumbersByte.parseByte – method to convert string to
a byte.Double.parseDouble – method to convert
string to a double.Float.parseFloat – method to convert string to
a float.Integer.parseInt – method to convert string to
an int.Long.parseLong – method to convert string to
a long.Short.parseShort – method to convert string
to a short.
Sample UsageSample Usage int num;
String str;str=JOptionPane.showInputDialog(“Enter a number”);
num= Integer.parseInt(str);
num variable will hold the value entered by the user, converted to an int.
DECISION / DECISION / CONTROL FLOW CONTROL FLOW
STRUCTURESSTRUCTURES
IF STATEMENTIF STATEMENTCONCEPT:
> is used to create decision structures, which allow the program to have more than one path of execution> causes one or more statements to execute only when boolean expression is true.
NOTE: RELATIONAL OPERATIONS ARE USED
IF STATEMENT SYNTAXIF STATEMENT SYNTAX
If (BooleanExpression)statement;
BooleanExpression- appears inside the parentheses must be a boolean expression.
If the boolean expression is true, the next statement is executed.
Flow of If statementsFlow of If statements
SAMPLE USAGESAMPLE USAGEPROBLEM:
If the value is less than 32, displays the message “Invalid Number”
CODE: if ( value < 32)
System.out.println(“Invalid Number”);
If-else StatementIf-else StatementConcept:
> will execute one group of statements if its BOOLEAN EXPRESSION is True, or another group if its BOOLEAN EXPRESSION is False.
> expansion of the if statement.
If –else statement SYNTAXIf –else statement SYNTAX
if(BooleanExpression){
statement; } else {
statement; }
Logic of if-else StatementLogic of if-else Statement
NESTED IF STATEMENTNESTED IF STATEMENT
CONCEPT:
> To test more than one condition, an if statement can be nested inside another if statement.
Nested if statement Nested if statement SYNTAXSYNTAX
if (BooleanExpression)
{
if(BooleanExpression)
{
statement;
}
else
{
statement;
}
else
{
statement;
}
THE if-else-if StatementTHE if-else-if StatementCONCEPT: if-else-if statement test a series of conditions than with a set of nested if-else statement.
else-if statement is in between the if & else statement.
Syntax of if-else-if Syntax of if-else-if StatementStatement
if(BooleanExpression){statement;
} else if(BooleanExpression){
statement;} else{
statement;}
main test
Alternative test if the if statement is false
LOGICAL OPERATORSLOGICAL OPERATORSJava provides two binary operators, && and ||, which are used to combine two boolean expressions into a single expression.
Java also provides the unary ! operator, which reverses the truth of a boolean expression.
Truth table of the && Truth table of the && operatoroperator
EXPRESSION VALUE true&&false false false&&true false false&&false false true&&true true
Truth table of the || Truth table of the || operatoroperator
EXPRESSION VALUE true|| false true false|| true true false|| false false true|| true true
LOGICAL OPERATORS IN ORDER LOGICAL OPERATORS IN ORDER OF PRECEDENCEOF PRECEDENCE
1st = !2nd=&&3rd= ||Note: ! Operator has higher precedence
than many of Java’s other operators.You should enclose its operand in ()
unless you intend to apply it to a variable or simple expression w/ no other operators.
Example UsageExample Usage
Assume x is an int w/ a value stored in it:
! (x >2) read as “ is x not greater than 2?”
!x>2read as “ is logical complement of x is greater than 2? ”
Note: ! operator can be applied only to boolean expressions.
Switch StatementSwitch StatementCONCEPT:
switch statement lets the value of a variable or expression determine where the program will branch to.
is a multiple alternative decision structure.
can be used as an alternative of if-else-if statement that test the same variable w/ several different values.
StructureStructure
Switch statement syntaxSwitch statement syntax switch(variable) {
case value_1:statement;break;
case value_N : statement;break;
default :statement;break;
}
These statement is executed if the variable is equal to value_1
These statement is executed if the variable is equal to value_N.
These statement is executed if the variable is not equal to any of the case values.
Sample Usage(flowchart Sample Usage(flowchart example)example) switch(month)
{
case 1:
System.out.print(“January”);
break;
case 2:
System.out.print(“February”);
break;
case 3:
System.out.print(“March”);
break;
default:
System.out.print(“Error:”);
break;
}
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