Rebecca Fuller BSc Applied Zoology rebecca.fuller760@live.cornwall.ac.uk

Rebecca FullerBSc Applied Zoologyrebecca.fuller760@live.cornwall.ac.uk

P.P.P.P…..Penguin Personality & Intelligence

Do Humboldt Penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) exhibit any awareness of self?

Humboldt Penguin (Fuller 2013)

Moving Penguin (Clker 2011)

Humboldt Penguins most common captive species

Vulnerable by IUCN

Penguins Social Species

Apes (Hominoidea), Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncates) Corvid family

European Magpie (Pica pica) – Mirror Test

King Penguins recognise each others vocals

INTRODUCTION

Prior H, Schwarz A, Güntürkün O (2008) Mirror-Induced Behavior in the Magpie (Pica pica): Evidence of Self-Recognition . PLoS Biol 6(8)Aubin T, Jouventin P, Hildebrand C (2013) Penguins use the two-voice system to recognize each other. PLoS 267Humboldt Penguin (Fuller 2013)

(Surbound 2014) S.Humboldti Range

16 Humboldt Penguins at Newquay Zoo

8 Males 8 Females

3 Chicks

First 3 days 5 mins of observation

Photo ID - Spot Patterns

PATCH EBONY ICKLE PICKLE

METHOD

Humboldt Penguin (Fuller 2013)

METHOD

The Vocalisation Test

Mirror Test

Vocalisation Ethogram    

Behaviour   Definition

Flight behaviour 1 No vocals, quickly moving away from sound

Timid behaviour  2 No vocals, slowly moving away from soundIndifferent behaviour  3 No vocals, no reaction to sound

Alert and inquisitive behaviour  4 Aware of sound and alertness towards itInteractive behaviour  5 Aware of sound and vocalisation response

Mirror Test Ethogram    

Behaviour   Definition

Flight behaviour 1 Running away from the mirror

Timid behaviour  2 Moving away from the mirror Indifferent behaviour  3 No reaction to mirror

Alert and inquisitive behaviour  4 Looking at and approaching mirror

Interactive behaviour  5

Interacting with mirror (pecking, moving about it in front of mirror)

Humboldt Penguin (Fuller 2013)Mirror (RAFT 2014)

METHOD

Penguin Enclosure (Fuller 2013)Cartoon Penguin (Clker 2011)

RESULTS

Normality tests – Normal distribution

Positive correlation (Weak)

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.50

1

2

3

4

5

6

Day 1. Own Call vs Mirror Test

PENGUINSLinear (PENGUINS)

MIRROR SCORING

VOCA

L SCO

RIN

G

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.50

1

2

3

4

5

6

Day 2. Own Call vs Mirror Test

PENGUINSLinear (PENGUINS)

MIRROR SCORING

VOCA

L SCO

RIN

G

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.50

1

2

3

4

5

6

Day 3. Own Call vs Mirror Test

PENGUINSLinear (PENGUINS)

MIRROR SCORING

VOCA

L SCO

RIN

G

Conclusion

Response to own calls = Response to own reflection

Bold in one test = Bold in another

Rest of Project – Novel Item & Feeding

Further studies – Mirror Mark test Other captive populations Other species of penguin

Ickle Pickle (Trevenna 2013)

Moving Penguin (Clker 2011)