Remote Sensing of the Ocean and Atmosphere:

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Remote Sensing of the Oceanand Atmosphere:

John Wilkin

Sea SurfaceTemperature (1)

jwilkin@rutgers.eduIMCS Building Room 214C732-932-6555 ext 251609-933-7753

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http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/data/sst

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http://www.oso.noaa.gov/poesstatus

Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) Office of Satellite Operations

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All the in situ temperature observations in Australia waters since 1950

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Ocean

Troposphere

Stratosphere

clouds

T

TS

Tb

sun glint

volcanic aerosols

tropospheric aerosols

sensor

Emitted surface radiance

upwelled atmospheric radiance

water vapor

buoy

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10-12 m 3.5-4.1 m

Relative atmospheric transmission plotted vs. decreasing wavelength

p18

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Relative atmospheric transmission plotted vs. increasing wavelength

10-12 m3.5-4.1 m

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Sensitivity of brightness to change in blackbody temperature

brightness of 300K blackbody

Brightness temperature difference due to atmosphere

3.5 μm 10 μm 12 μm

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http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/ocng_textbook/chapter06/chapter06_10.htm

1 m 2 m

At 11 m, IR exitance comes from top 30 m of ocean

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Night time and strong winds (day or night) case

Day time weak winds case

See also Fig 7.4 in Martin

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Small glaciers spill into a mostly dry valley in western Greenland in this picture from August 29, 2009. The Advanced Land Imager (ALI) on NASA’s Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite acquired this natural-color image. The top view shows the wider area and the bottom view is a close-up of two glacier snouts.http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=40169

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Before: April 12, 2004

After: Jan 5, 2005

Tsunami damage, Gleebruk, Indonesia

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Solar evaporation (salt) ponds near the foot of a long alluvial fan in the Pampa del Tamarugal, the great hyper-arid inner valley of Chile’s Atacama Desert. Alluvial fan sediments are dark brown. Astronaut photograph ISS019-E-14473, May 5, 2009 with a Nikon D2X digital camera fitted with a 400 mm lens, by the ISS Crew.

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Millennium Island (Caroline Island prior to 2000) at the southern end of the Line Islands in the South Pacific, Republic of Kiribati. 32 atolls and 1 raised coral island. Millennium Island is formed from a number of smaller islets built on coral reefs. Max 6 m above sea level.

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The Moon’s shadow engulfed Taiwan and a large swath of southeastern China and the Pacific Ocean on the morning of July 22, 2009, during an unusually long total eclipse of the Sun. This pair of images from the Japanese geostationary satellite MTSAT show the view of Earth at 8:30 a.m. local time in Taiwan (left) and an hour later (right), near the time in eastern China when the disk of the Moon completely overlapped the disk of the Sun (called totality). The longest period of totality occurred over the Pacific, where the total eclipse lasted more than 6 minutes.

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Albania

Ionian Sea

Greece

Black Sea

Aegean Sea

Italy

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http://www.ecoenquirer.com/UFO-cloud-wakes.htm