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8/6/2019 Reproductive Health Contraceptives)
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Reproductive Health
(Contraceptives)
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Introduction
� The matter on reproductive health has been a
never-ending issue, especially within the State
and the Church. As to what the reproductive
health is, it remains unclear to the majority of the
population. This is probably one of the reasons
why it has become a serious issue. Little is onlyknown yet conclusions are drawn without further
investigation on the topic.
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� Reproductive health concerns us all and it is the
obligation of everyone to seek for what is true
and to rebuke what is not. This report aims to
inform the public about the reality behind the
case on reproductive health in order to avoid
further misconception and confusion.
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Reproductive Health
� is primarily concerned with the reproductive
system, its processes, and its functions at all
stages in life and the technology and
advancement that come with it; and not
merely the absence of disease, dysfunction, or
infirmity.
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� Inclusive within this are:
±the right of men and women to be informed of and to
have access to safe, effective, affordable birth spacing
(birth control ) of their choice that is not against the
law
± the right of access to appropriate health care services
that will enable women to go safely through
pregnancy and childbirth and to provide couples with
the best chance and alternatives of having a healthy
offspring.
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Family Planning
� the planning of when to have children, and
the use of birth control, techniques, and
procedures that are specially designed and
done for this purpose
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� According to the WHO:
± It is a way of thinking and living that is adopted voluntarily
upon the basis of knowledge, responsible attitudes and
decisions by individuals and couples in order to promote
the health and welfare of the family group.
± In family planning, it can refer to either the woman
planning or the man planning. This definition tells us that
we are concerned with the health and welfare of the
family group.
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Methods of Family Planning
I. Natural Family Planning
± a natural way of life by which couples does
appropriate sexual behavior to achieve or avoid
pregnancy during the fertile or the infertile
phases of the menstrual cycle without using
drugs, chemical, or mechanical devices.
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� Rhythm or Calendar Method or Basal Body
TemperatureM
ethod ± couples abstain from sexual relations during the
days when women experience a sudden rise of
body temperature to avoid conception
� Ovulation (mucus) method or Billings Method
± This technique is based on the mucus discharge
from the vagina as a sign of impending ovulation,
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� Sympto-thermal method
± This is a combination of the temperature method
and the mucus method with the symptoms of pain
or cervical changes.
� Sex relation during menstruation
± this method is not commonly advised for it is
messy, and women are prone to infection since
their endometrial lining of the uterus sloughs off.
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II. Artificial Family Planning (AFT)
± Artificial family planning is a means of preventing
pregnancy that involves some kind of device or
medication. It does not include periodic
abstinence or the withdrawal method.
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� Barrier methods
±
These methods prevent sperm from reaching theegg. These methods include condoms,
diaphragms, cervical caps, and contraceptive
sponges.
� Hormonal methods
± This method is usually a combination of
progesterone and estrogen to prevent pregnancy
by maintaining a consistent hormonal level in the
body.
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� Sterilization
± incapacitate man or woman functionally,
temporarily or permanently.
Methods of Sterilization
� Tubal Sterilization (salpingectomy)
� Vasectomy
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Contraception
� the voluntary prevention of fertilization of the
ovum of a female by the sperm cell of a male
� done by means of using a special device or
procedure especially designed or created for
this purpose.
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I. Folk Methods
Methods of Contraception
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� Pre-coital/post-coital douche
±
The woman lets the gaseous contents of the colaerupt within her vagina to eliminate sperm cells
present.
± The use the vinegar and the brine as pre-coital
vaginal washes. However, some people experiencea burning sensation within their genitals.
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� Prolonged lactation/lactational amenorrhea
± Suckling results in a reduction of gonadotropin-
releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone, and
follicle-stimulating hormone.
�
Withdrawal/Coitus interruptus ± The method the retraction of the penis from the
vagina instantaneously before ejaculation.
� Coitus reservatus
± the male refrains from ejaculating before orgasm
is met. He allows erection to subside gradually.
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II. Mechanical Methods
� Condom
± a sheath of latex rubber which I used to cover the
penis before coitus and to prevent semen from
spilling into the uterine cavity.
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� Diaphragm/cervical cap/intracervical pessary
±
is a dome-shaped latex rubber membrane placed
in the vagina to close the opening of the cervix to
block the entrance of the sperm.
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� Sponge
± a variation of the diaphragm but with an inclusion
of a string for easier removal.
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III. Chemical Methods
� Vaginal suppository
± is a small bullet-shaped substance that contains
chemicals capable of killing sperms
± is inserted into the vagina as a solid and
eventually dissolves to deliver the chemicals.
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� Vaginal tablets
±
when moistened with water, that are inserted intothe vagina 10 to 15 minutes before coitus.
± it melts at body temperature and forms a coat of
foam to prevent the sperm from the uterus.
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IV. Hormonal Methods
� Contraceptive pills
± helps maintain a constantly high hormonal level to
prevent ovulation
± combination of synthetic hormones, estrogen and
progesterone
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� Injections and Implants
±
is a biodegradable pill implant that can be injectedthrough the woman's skin and muscle
± the hormone contained gradually enters the
bloodstream
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Governments Stand
� The Government made several actions with
regard to the problem on reproductive health,
responsible parenthood, and population
development by passing the House Bill No.
5043 in substitution to the House Bill Nos. 17,
812, 2753 & 3970.
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Hon. Edcel Lagman
Introduced the House Bill No. 5043
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Ana Theresia Hontiveros-Baraquel
One of the colleagues of Hon. Edcel Lagman
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� The House Bill has 27 sections designed to
protect the rights of the women, medical
people in the maternal duty, promoting family
and educating the youth for safe sex.
� The section 9 of this bill cover about the
Hospital Based Family Planning.
� The section 10 is about the Contracepives as
Essential Medicines.
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Considered negative effects of the
Reproductive Health Bill
� We are permitting the people of the program to
tell our young kids about condoms, pills and ways
to prevent pregnancy.
� We are opening the minds of the young that sex
is something to be tried even though they are not
yet ready for it. Curiosity could force them to try.
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� The respect of having sex at the right girl or
boy at the right time would be abolished since
their minds are now tainted with sex
education. With this, rape cases would
probably increase.
� . Approving the bill might affect the right of
the parents in teaching their children about
the issue.
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� We Filipinos are conservative by nature. The
Bill could possibly affect our culture and the
way we respect women
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Considered positive effects of the
reproductive Health Bill
� Having such a Bill would mean lesser
population which would result, most
probably, to lesser uneducated children,
lesser crimes, lesser unemployment, and
ultimately, economic growth and stability.
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Churchs Stand Against Reproductive
Health Bill
� Church considered the bill as anti-life.
� They also encouraged the people to adopt and use
the natural family planning method rather than the
artificial method.
� They believe that an increase in the case of abortion
will happen if the children will be given proper
knowledge about the Reproductive Health bill
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� Casti C onnubii , a document which condemns
the birth control as sinful was used by the
Church as a basis for their policy against birth
control and document Humanae V it ae as a
document of sound arguments against
contraception.
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Groups Point of View on the Issue
� The group disregarded the Deontological Approach and
settled with the Consequentialist Approach instead due to
confusion on which law would be used as the basis.
On the basis of the Consequetialist approach, the
whole of reproductive health which includes both natural
and artificial family planning, contraception and safe
abortion, is appropriate. The sacrifice of one life is
equivalent to the fortune of hundreds of people.
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