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RESIDENTIAL EXTERIOR DOORS 101AThis Learning Seminar is
available through a professionalcourtesy provided by:
Plastpro, Inc.5200 W. Century Blvd 9FLos Angeles, CA 90045Toll-Free: 800.779.0558Fax: 310.693.8620Email: info@plastproinc.comWeb: www.plastproinc.com
©2014 Plastpro, Inc. The material contained in this course was researched, assembled, and produced by Plastpro, Inc.
and remains its property.
The American Institute of Architects · Course No. 101A
This program qualifies for: 1 LU Hour
Presented By:
Plastpro, Inc.
5200 W. Century Blvd 9FLos Angeles, CA 90045
Description:This course is designed to provide the student with the fundamentals of various phases of residential exterior door construction and application. Course covers the identification of door casings, hardware and related terminology.
Provider No: K518 Plastpro is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request. This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Residential Exterior Doors 101A
Learning Objectives
Objectives To develop basic knowledge of exterior
door construction.
To create a professional vocabulary concerning millwork.
To give insight into the production of exterior doors and door units.
To describe and identify various parts of residential exterior doors and hardware.
Wood Doors and Components
Stile and Rail Doors Stiles Rails Panel Veneer Mullion Dowel Construction Mortice and Tenon Construction
Wood Doors and Components
Stile and Rail Doors Stiles Rails Panel Veneer Mullion
Wood Doors and Components
Stile and Rail Doors Stiles- the vertical
pieces of a door on both sides that connect rails together, enabling lock, latch and hinge mortising to be done.
Wood Doors and Components
Stile and Rail Doors Stiles Rails – the horizontal
pieces of a door connecting the stiles together. Located at the top, bottom and at intermediate points throughout the door.
Wood Doors and Components
Stile and Rail Doors Stiles Rails Panels – decorative
components of a door which float between stiles, rails and mullions. Strictly for architectural detail.
Wood Doors and Components
Stile and Rail Doors Stiles Rails Panels Mullion – a vertical
post or divider that rests between the rails of a door to contain the decorative panels
Wood Doors and Components
Stile and Rail Doors Stiles Rails Panels Mullion Veneer – a thin film or
facing, adhesively bonded to a core, which makes up the exposed & decorative face of an assembly.
Wood Doors and Components
Stile and Rail Doors Construction Dowel Construction – a
construction technique that connects the stiles and rails with dowels.
Wood Doors and Components
Stile and Rail Doors Construction Mortice & Tenon Construction
– a door construction technique in which the stiles and rails are connected by inserting a tenon into a mortise.
Wood Doors and Components
Stile and Rail Doors Construction Wood doors can be built to any
dimension as the materials allow. Most doors created for the commodity
market are built to call size. (ex: 3/0 x 6/8 door is 36” x 80”)
Exterior Fiberglass/Steel Doors Fiberglass Doors
Stiles Rails Core Lock Block Skin
Exterior Fiberglass/Steel Doors Fiberglass Doors
Stiles Rails
Fiberglass doors also have stiles and rails to maintain a solid construction.
Exterior Fiberglass/Steel Doors Fiberglass Doors
Polyurethane Core – the inside of fiberglass doors are filled with a polyurethane foam which expands to fill the area between the stiles, rails and skin.
Exterior Fiberglass/Steel Doors Fiberglass Doors
Lock block – rectangular block of wood (or other solid material) placed inside a door assembly at the lock edge into which the lock assembly is installed.
Exterior Fiberglass/Steel Doors Fiberglass Doors
Fiberglass Skin – SMC (Sheet molding compound) is a thermoset plastic sheet material made of glass fibers, resins, catalyst, fillers and pigments
Exterior Fiberglass/Steel Doors Fiberglass Doors
Different manufacturers use different techniques to assemble the components to make the door.
These manufacturers also use different materials to produce the stiles, rails and lock blocks. Even the core formulas are different.
Most fiberglass doors are built to a nominal size for the commodity market. (Ex: 3/0 x 6/8 is 35-3/4” x 79-1/4”)
Exterior Fiberglass/Steel Doors Steel Doors
Stiles Rails Core Lock Block Skin Built to Nominal Size
Exterior Door Unit Components Door Slab Frame
Jamb Kerf Dado Rabbet (Rebate) Weatherstripping
Head Jamb Hinge Jamb Strike Jamb
Exterior Door Unit Components Door Slab
Also called a leaf
Exterior Door Unit Components Frame
Consists of all of the components that surrounds the door slab to make a complete unit.
Exterior Door Unit Components
Frame Jamb – the
perimeter frame part of a door unit
Exterior Door Unit Components
Frame Jamb
Dado – a rectangular machined or sawn groove across the width of a component, cut so that a matching piece can be fitted into, to form a joint.
Exterior Door Unit Components
Frame Jamb
Rabbet (Rebate) – a groove or step cut along the length of a component that is to be joined to a corresponding tongue or ledge.
Exterior Door Unit Components
Frame Jamb
Kerf – a thin slot cut into an exterior jamb where weatherstripping can be inserted
Weatherstripping – A component used to close a gap to reduce/eliminate air or water infiltration
Exterior Door Unit Components
Frame Jamb
Head Jamb – the horizontal top frame member of a door unit
Hinge Jamb – the vertical frame member to which the hinges are applied
Strike Jamb – the vertical frame member that the lock latch will contact
Exterior Door Unit Components Cont.
Door Slab Frame
Hinge Knuckle & Barrel Strike Threshold/Sill Casing Brickmold Fasteners
Exterior Door Unit Components Cont.
Door Slab Frame
Hinge – an assembly of metal plates & a cylindrical pin which allows a door to rotate in its frame.
Exterior Door Unit Components Cont.
Door Slab Frame
Hinge Knuckle – a cut
into the hinge which wrap and form a barrel/socket for a pin
Exterior Door Unit Components Cont.
Door Slab Frame
Hinge Knuckle Pin – The cylindrical
rod that runs through the knuckles of the hinge to connect the two halves and acts as a pivot point.
Exterior Door Unit Components Cont.
Door Slab Frame
Strike – a hole or recess in a jamb/frame for receiving a door latch
Exterior Door Unit Components Cont.
Door Slab Frame
Threshold/Sill – horizontal part of a door unit, fixed to the jambs under the door slab, bearing on the floor
Exterior Door Unit Components Cont.
Door Slab Frame
Casing – molding which accents or trims the edges of a door/window frame to the surrounding wall
Brickmold – a molding used to trim the outside of an exterior door frame
Exterior Door Unit Components Cont.
Door Slab Frame
Fasteners – mechanical connectors that hold the door unit together
Screws Nails Corrugated nails
Secondary Considerations of Door Units
Door Hand Inswing Outswing
Secondary Considerations of Door Units
Door Hand The door hand is determined
by establishing which side the strike is on when pulling the door leaf open to you.
Secondary Considerations of Door Units
Inswing The door leaf swings
into the structure or room.
Outswing The door leaf swings
out of the structure or room.
Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Leaf Active Inactive Passive Single Double Triple Quad
Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Leaf – a term that can apply to a door or a hinge which defines the part of the assembly that swings on a pivot
Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Active – the hinged door leaf which is primarily operable
Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Inactive – a door panel fixed in its pane, usually non-operable
Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Passive – in a double door unit, the door which usually remains closed and fixed with locking mechanisms
Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Single Unit – a complete door unit with only one door leaf in the frame
Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Double Unit – a complete door unit with two door leafs in the frame. One active and one passive.
Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Triple Unit – a complete door unit with three door leafs. Any number of the leafs can be active, passive, or inactive.
Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Quad Unit – a complete door unit with four door leafs. Again, the leafs can meet any configuration.
Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Astragal – a ‘post’ attached on the latch side edge of one of a set of double doors, which covers the space between the doors when they are closed. It acts as a stop for the active leaf door.
Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Mullion (Mull) – a post or divider which runs from sill to frame top in a multi-panel door assembly
Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Sidelite – a fixed narrow panel, installed next to a door panel, for decorative purposes. (Sometimes acts as a passive leaf)
Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Transom – a framed assembly, usually glass, mounted atop a door unit
Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Cross-bore (Lock bore) – a large through-hole, near the edge of a door leaf which will house a cylinder latch or deadbolt latch.
Backset - – the distance from a door edge to the center of a recess, hole or mortise (2-3/8” & 2-3/4” are standard).
Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Edge Bore – the hole bored through the edge of a door leaf to allow the latch hardware to pass through, into the jamb prep.
Latch – usually spring loaded pin or bolt, which is part of the lock mechanism that engages a strike to retain a door closed.
Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Door Lite – an assembly of frame and glass panel, which when fitted to a door in a cut hole, creates a door with a glass opening.
Industry Terminology
Clear – natural wood products made of full-length pieces of wood stock
Fingerjoint – a way of joining short sections of board stock together, end to end, to make longer stock
Industry Terminology
Clad – to cover a material with a facing to work as protection against weathering and provide a finished appearance
Industry Terminology
Glazing – the “elastic” material used to seal glass to a surrounding frame
Double glazed (Insulated) – outfitted with two panes of glass with a sealed airspace between
Triple glazed – an insulated glass assembly made of three panes of glass with air spaces between the inner and outer thicknesses
Industry Terminology
Reveal – the offset or space between the edges of parts
Industry Terminology Cont.
Rough Opening – a structurally framed opening in a wall which receives a door or window unit
Industry Terminology Cont.
Shim – thin piece of material used between parts of an assembly, to change and fix the distance between parts when they are fastened
Industry Terminology Cont.
Glass bead (Stop) – a small molding applied to the perimeter of glazed openings to secure the glazing materials within a door
Industry Terminology Cont.
LowE glass – (Low emissivity) glass that has been coated with a thin layer of nearly clear material which absorbs and reflects heat & UV rays
Industry Terminology Cont.
Bevel – a machining angle other than a right angle
Miter - an angled cut across the end of a lineal part, usually done to join with a similarly cut part at a corner
Industry Terminology Cont.
Cope (Joinery) – the cutting/shaping the end of a molding or frame component to neatly fit the contours of an adjoining member
Industry Terminology Cont.
Butt joint – a joint formed by square edge surfaces coming together
Industry Terminology Cont.
Mortise – a recess cut into the surface or edge of a part, usually for the purposes of housing hardware
Industry Terminology Cont.
Muntins (Grids / Grilles) – thin vertical and horizontal divider bars used to give a glass lite a multi-paned look TDL – True Divided Lite
The glass is truly separated into individual pieces
SDL – Simulated Divided Lite The glass is one whole piece,
but has the appearance of being multiple pieces of glass
Industry Terminology Cont.
Flush glazed – a type of glazed door which has its glass perimeter molding flush or subset down from the face of the surrounding door
Industry Terminology Cont.
MDF – generic name for material manufactured from lignocellulosic fibers (paper) combined with a synthetic resin and bonded together under heat and pressure
HDF – a term to define MDF grades above 150 (hardness)
Performance Terminology
Air Infiltration – the accidental or unintentional introduction of outside air into a building or structure
Water Infiltration – the accidental or unintentional introduction of outside water or water vapor into a building or structure
R-value – the measure of thermal resistance; How well does this stop heat transfer (higher is better)
U-value – the measure of heat transfer; How well does this conduct heat (lower is better)
SHGC – (Solar Heat Gain Coefficient) the increase in temperature in a space as a result of solar radiation. It is a measurement of solar energy transmittance
STC – (Sound Transmission Class) number rating system derived from measured values of sound transmission in decibels of a building element
Performance Terminology Cont.
NAHB – National Association of Home Builders ASTM – American Society for Testing & Materials NAMI – National Accreditation & Management Institute NFRC – National Fenestration Rating Council USGBC – U.S. Green Building Council LEED – Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design AAMA – American Architectural Manufacturers
Association CARB – California Air Resources Board IBC – International Building Code IECC – International Energy Conservation Code
Troubleshooting Terminology
Square – relative to doors: all four inside corners of a unit are at a true 90 degree angle
Level – relative to doors: the inner/outer face of the jamb legs are true perpendicular to the ground
Plumb – relative to doors: the jamb legs are on the same plane, cross leg correction
Troubleshooting Terminology
Warp – any distortion in the plane of a door itself and not the relationship to the frame
Cup – a curvature along the width of the door Bow – a curvature along the length of the door
Troubleshooting Terminology
Warp Twist – a deviation
in which one or two corners of the door are out of plane with the other corners of the door
Troubleshooting Terminology
Delamination – separation of plies of materials through a failure of adhesive bond
Swelling – an expansion of a component of the door, usually due to water infiltration
Standard Production Procedures
Door Height An overall length should be established to simplify
production (i.e. 79”, 79-1/4”, 78-15/16” ) Lock Height
A location for the lock bore must be established. The measurement should be taken from the top of the door as the bottom may be trimmed.
Hinge Pattern A hinge location must be set to simplify production
as it will be the same every time. Measure from the top of the door to the top of the hinge.
Standard Production Procedures
Door/Jamb Strike prep Once the lock specifications are set, the jamb can
be mortised and bored through correctly. The door can be bored through and face prepped for the lock and latch
Door/Jamb Hinge prep The hinge mortise can be made on the jamb and
door so that they will be in alignment Door Lite Cut
If a doorlite is to be installed, the cutout would be made to the door prior to the door being installed in a frame
What to look for
Composite Rails Full width and
interlocking Composite Stiles
Full length and interlocking
LVL Reinforced Stiles Full length
Interlocking Skin
What to look for
Protection Against the Elements
No Rot No Wicking No Oxidizing Screw holding
capabilities 3-Piece Mullion
Thank You for Attending!
This concludes the AIA-portion of the learning unit.
To find our more about Plastpro please contact your local sales rep or visit us at www.plastproinc.com
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