Respiratory System Disorders page: 494. Asthma One of the leading public health problems in the US...

Respiratory System Disorderspage: 494

Asthma

• One of the leading public health problems in the US today

• Most common chronic childhood disorder

• Asthma-disorder of the respiratory system that involves the inflammation of the bronchial tubes

• Allergens-anything that causes a reaction

Causes of Asthma

• Genetics-inherited• Environmental factors-smoke, chemicals, dust,

air temperature many others• Induced Asthma-exercising-cold air/dry air,

medications-like aspirin• Occupational Asthma-Envir. Factors above• Immune System factors-chemical change.• Hygiene Hypothesis-less exposure to bacteria

and viruses due to the thought of over cleanliness.

Symptoms of Asthma

• Wheezing

• Coughing

• Chest Tightness

• Rapid, shallow breathing

• Runny nose

• Watery eyes

Diagnosed/Treatments

• No one test to diagnose or treat.• Medical History• Physical Exam• Lab tests-blood• Spirometry-most common• Chest X-Ray• Treatments:• Bronchi-Dilators, Oral Medicines, Antihistamines.

Pneumonia

• Two Types:• Caused by:• 1. Bacterial Pneumonia-Streptococcus • Most common

Pneumonia, other types of bacteria.• 2. Viral Pneumonia-Influenza A,

Respiratory- Syncytial Virus

Pneumoncystis Carinii-fungus infection from AIDS leading to pneumonia of the lungs.

Pneumonia Symptoms• 1-3 days up to 7-10 days• Cough-discolored mucus from the lungs• Sputum may be rusty or green with or without

blood in it.• Fever-sometimes no fever• Shaking• Teeth chattering• Chills• Rapid Shallow breathing• Chest pains• Rapid heart beat

Diagnosed/Treatments

• Medical History• Physical Exam• Chest X-Ray• Gram Stain of Sputum/Sputum Culture• Urine Test-now• Treatment:• Bacterial Pneumonia- Antibiotics• Viral Pneumonia-antiviral medication-rare• Vaccines-now available

Tuberculosis-TB

• Bacterial infection of the lungs.

• 1800s-early 1900s was once the leading cause of death.

• 1940s-drugs for treatment-TB slowly disappeared

• 1986 to now TB has shown a come back

• Immune System does not stop growth of bacteria.

TB How Spread?

• Spread through the air from one person to another-Active TB

• Bacteria goes to the lungs and grows• From lungs to the blood to other body parts-

kidneys, spine, brain.• Family members, co-workers, friends• Inactive TB-person has bacteria, but is not

contagious to others, unless it becomes active TB. Do not have symptoms

Difference Between Active TB And Inactive TB

• Latent-Inactive TB:

• Have no symptoms

• Do not feel sick

• Cannot spread TB to others

• Usually have a positive skin test-TIME

• Chest x-ray and sputum test are normal

Active TB

• Has symptoms and is contagious to others• Bad cough last longer than 2 weeks.• Pain in chest area• Coughing up blood or thick sputum• Weakness/fatigue• Loss of appetite-loss of weight• Chills/Fever• Sweat at night

Diagnosis/Treatments

• Tuberculin Skin Test-48-72 hours later rash or raise area develops in the test area.

• QuantiFeron –TB Skin Test-Blood test-tells if exposed to TB.

• Chest X-Rays

Influenza

• Another name: Flu

• Caused by a Virus Type A • Symptoms: fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea muscle

achesContagious during the first few days. 1-3+Can lead to pneumoniaTreatment: Rest/fluids__________________________________Colds-RhinovirusOTC relieve symptoms, but does not cureTreatment: Rest/fluids

Flu Transmission/Treatment

• Air• Mucous membranes of the eyes, mouth, and nose

• Treatment:• Bed Rest and drink plenty of fluids

• Prevention:• Flu Vaccine• Wash hands. Keep hands off face, cough in arm

area,

SARSSevere Acute Respiratory

Syndrome• Newly identified viral infection.Coronavirus• Asia and Europe 2003• Transmission:• Contact with infected saliva or droplets• Close contact is necessary or direct contact with

body fluid-saliva/droplets• Sharing drinks, hugging, kissing• Hands to facial area.

Symptoms

• 2-5 days, up to 10• Fever-100-102• Dry cough• Shortness of breath• Difficulty breathing• Headaches, • Muscle aches• Fatigue • Diarrhea

Diagnosed by:

• Traveled outside US with the past 10 days

• Blood Test

• Sputum Culture

• Chest X-Ray if needed

Treatment for SARS

• Isolation• Treatment like having a cold or flu• Antiviral medication-no medicine known to cure.• Hospitalization• Prevention:• Do not travel outside US• Wash hands frequently• Cover mouth when coughing• Keep hands off face area

Strep Throat

• Bacteria infection• Symptoms:• Fever• Very sore throat• Hard to swallow• Transmission:• Contact with mucus from cough, sneezing,

or saliva contact

Treatment/Prevention

• Treatments:• Antibiotics• Rest• Drink fluids

• Prevention:• Wash Hands• Avoid contact with person’s body fluid

H1N1 Virus

• Cause:• H1N1 is a Influenza virus (Type A 1) also called

the “Swine flu.”• U.S. in April of 2009. pigs in North Carolina• Why called swine flu? Genes in this new virus is very similar to

influenza viruses that are found with pigs in North America.

Deaths to date 292 from August-October 10th, 2009

How Transmitted?

• Communicable disease-spreads from person to person.

• Cough, sneeze or droplets of respiratory secretions are pushed out of the mouth or nose and into the air around us.

• Droplets have the virus in them, we inhale and virus gets into our body system.

• We can breathe in or swallow the virus.• Keep hands off the face! Wash hands regularly.

Signs and Symptoms

• Contagious from 1 day before symptoms occur to 24 hours after the fever is gone.

• Symptoms, incubation period: 1-7 days after infection. (2-3 days usually)

• Some immunocompromised persons can be contagious longer.

Symptoms1-7 days after contact

• Fever 100 degrees• Cough • Sore Throat• Chills• Headache• Runny nose• Muscle ache and pains-myalgia• Fatigue• Nausea• Abdominal Pain• Vomiting• Diarrhea• Lack of energy

Who is at high risk of developing complications from H1N1 flu?

• Children under 5 years of age. 5-24 years of a age• Pregnant females• People including children with:• Lung conditions• Heart Problems• Kidney disorders• Blood disorders• Neurologic disorders• Diabetes• Cancer-Immunosuppression• People over 65 years of age-60 older may have antibodies against• Residents of nursing homes and other health care facilities.

Treatment

• H1N1 Vaccine

• 10 years and older only need one dose

• Children under 9 and younger 2 doses four weeks apart.