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James I
[r. 1603-1625]
Son of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, who had been beheaded by Elizabeth 1st
His reign united England and Scotland = Great Britain
King Charles II [r. 1660-1685]
Had charm, poise, & political skills.
Restored theaters and reopened pubs and brothels closed by Cromwell
Favored religious toleration.
Realized he could not repeat mistakes of his father .
The Restoration 1673 Test Act
excluded all but Anglicans from gov’t positions.
1679 Habeas Corpus Act
Parliamentary Politics Tories: supporters of
Charles II Whigs: His Critics
James, Duke of York
Catholic
Married Anne Hyde
Haunted by his father’s death
Repeated mistakes of his father
King James II [r. 1685-1688] Zealous Catholic Convert
Remarried to Marie Beatrice of Modena, Catholic
King James II [r. 1685-1688] Suspended Test Act
Appointed Catholics
Arrested Anglican Bishops Who Refused to read Toleration Proclamation
1688 – Marie Beatrice gave birth to a son
“Warming Pan Baby”
William of Orange
Mary Stuart married William of Orange
Anne wrote to Mary telling her to claim the throne
“Glorious” Revolution: 1688 Whig & Tory leaders offered throne jointly to Mary &
William of Orange.
He was enemy of Louis XIV.
He was champion of Protestant cause.
English Bill of Rights [1689]
Settled power struggle between King & Parliament.
Expanded civil liberties in England.
English Bill of Rights [1689]1. The King could not suspend the operation of laws.2. The King could not interfere with the ordinary
course of justice.3. No taxes levied or standard army maintained in
peacetime without Parliament’s consent.4. Freedom of speech in Parliament.5. Sessions of Parliament would be held frequently.6. Subjects had the right of bail, petition, and
freedom from excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment.
7. The monarch must be a Protestant.8. Freedom from arbitrary arrest, habeas corpus.9. Censorship of press was dropped.10.Religious toleration.
The Rest of the Story
• Anne became Queen when William died in 1702
• Although she was pregnant 17 times, none of her children will survive her.
• Died in 1714, bitter but determined to keep her brother from the throne.
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