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REVIEW FOR THE UNIT 1 TEST. CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2. REVIEW FOR THE UNIT 1 TEST. INSTRUCTIONS: G o through the slides and answer each question in the packet; the slide numbers are listed for each question . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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REVIEW FOR THE
UNIT 1 TESTCHAPTER 1CHAPTER 2
INSTRUCTIONS: Go through the slides and answer each question in
the packet; the slide numbers are listed for each question
REVIEW FOR THE
UNIT 1 TEST
A government is the institution through which a state (a country or nation) makes and enforces
laws that run the state
A “state” is a body of people living in a defined territory; they are organized politically and are able to independently make and enforce laws
Each of the clearly defined
territories on this map of
modern Europe is a
state
A constitution is the plan of government that establishes the basic structure, powers, and
duties of the government
An autocracy is a system of
government in which a single person holds
unlimited political power
Divine right is the view that God granted
those of royal birth the right to rule their people
A democracy is a form of government in which the supreme authority to exercise power rests with the people of the state
Politics is the struggle among groups with differing ideologies to control or influence the
conduct and policies of a government
The term “sovereignty” refers to the supreme and absolute authority of a state within its
territorial borders
A “sovereign state” has the authority to determine its own form of government; no outside state
decides this for another sovereign state For example, when America was
Britain’s 13 Colonies, America was NOT “sovereign”; Britain had
“sovereignty” here
After the British were defeated in the Revolutionary War, however, the American colonies became
states and had sovereignty
The unitary system is a
form of government in which all the
key powers are given to a
national or central
government
An oligarchy is a type of
government where a small
number of elite hold the
power
The “Framers” refers to the framers of the U.S. Constitution, a group of delegates who attended
the Philadelphia Convention
The formation of the United States’
government was most influenced by the “social contract”
theory of the Enlightenment (most notably, the ideas of
John Locke)
A federal government divides power between a central government and several state-level, regional-level, and local-level governments
This chart illustrates the three levels of a
federal government in Australia
The form of government the United States has is a representative democracy (also known as a “republic”),
NOT a direct democracy
In a representative democracy, voters express their approval or disapproval of the actions of public officials by casting ballots in elections
A “confederation” is an alliance of virtually independent states loosely joined together for a common purpose
For example, 39 different German-
speaking states formed the
German Confederation in the early 1800s; they would fully unite to form the nation-state of
Germany in 1871
Most governments have three basic types of power: legislative (makes laws), executive (carries out laws),
and judicial (evaluates laws)
The Articles of Confederation was the first attempt by the former colonies (which became the new United States)
to unite under a government
The Articles of Confederation
had many weaknesses;
these weaknesses resulted in
bickering among the states and
economic chaos
Federalists supported the ratification of the new Constitution because they favored a strong central
government; Federalists felt the Articles of Confederation made the government too weak
Anti-Federalists opposed ratifying the new Constitution because they feared a strong central government would
take away individual freedoms; they wanted a Bill of Rights that would guard individual freedoms
James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay wrote a collection of 85 essays called the “Federalist
Papers” in support of the new Constitution
The English developed
three types of colonies in
America: royal, proprietary, and charter
A unicameral legislature (lawmaking body) is a single-house body
A bicameral legislature (lawmaking body) has two houses
The British policy that most upset the American colonists was being taxed by England without any American colonists representing the colonies in Parliament
Their slogan became: “No taxation without representation”
The Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, and the English Bill of
Rights are among the English
documents that helped shape the
government of the American
colonies
The Declaration of Independence (when the American colonists announced their break from Britain) was
signed on July 4th, 1776
Under the Articles, Congress had no power to tax and could not raise money,
which made Congress go deeply into debt
The main goal of the Constitutional Convention (also known as the Philadelphia Convention) was to create a new
government that had greatly expanded powers and the ability to enforce its decisions
James Madison became known as the “Father
of the Constitution” because he contributed more than
anyone to the Convention and
to the document itself
The most heated debate between large states and small states at the Constitutional Convention was over
HOW the states would be represented in Congress
The Virginia Plan called for a two-house Congress with representation of both houses based on population
The New Jersey Plan called for equal representation in Congress (one vote per
state) and benefited the smaller states
The Great Compromise (also known as the Connecticut Compromise) solved the dispute over
representation in Congress
The Slave Trade Compromise (also
known as the Commerce
Compromise) prevented Congress from taxing exports
or abolishing the slave trade for at
least twenty years
A mixed economy is when private enterprise exists in combination with some government regulation
A presidential government features separation of powers between executive and legislative branches
During Colonial times, to gain the right to vote, one had to be (1) White (2) male (3) a property owner
The Stamp Act Congress was the group that sent King George III the Declaration of Rights and Grievances that protested the new British policies (this was the
first time the colonies opposed Britain)
STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATIONSTRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
Make war and peace One vote for each state regardless of size
Send and receive ambassadors
Congress had no power to tax
Make treaties No executiveBorrow money No national courts
(judicial)Set up money system Amendments only with
consent of all the statesEstablish post offices 9/13 majority needed to
pass lawsCan settle disputes among
statesWeak central government
Can ask states to supply troops
Cannot order states to supply troops
When the colonists from England arrived in America, they brought the English idea of an ordered, limited, and representative form of government with them
IF YOU HAVE CORRECTLY
ANSWERED ALL OF THE QUESTIONS ON
YOUR REVIEW PACKET, YOU WILL BE READY FOR THE
UNIT 1 TEST
Originally created byChristopher Jaskowiak
Assisted byJosh Allen
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