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River Systems
I. Water Distribution
1.36 billion cubic km of water
97.2% oceans
2.15% glacial ice
0.65% lakes, streams, ground water
II. The Hydrologic Cycle
III. Stream Flow
A. Terms
III. Stream Flow
A. Terms1. Laminar vs. Turbulent
III. Stream Flow
A. Terms1. Laminar vs. Turbulent
III. Stream Flow
A. Terms2. Velocity, Area, Discharge
III. Stream FlowDischarge = Velocity x AreaQ = V x A
III. Stream Flow
A. Terms3. Gradient
III. Stream Flow
A. Terms3. Gradient
Rise = Vertical drop of the stream
Run Horizontal Distance
Rise = Vertical drop of the stream
Run Horizontal Distance
III. Stream Flow
B. Downstream Trends1. gradient
2. width and depth
3. discharge
4. velocity
III. Stream Flow
B. Downstream Trends a. gradient
b. width and depth
c. discharge
d. velocity
III. Stream Flow
B. Downstream Trends a. gradient
b. width and depth c. discharge
d. velocity
III. Stream Flow
B. Downstream Trends a. gradient
b. width and depth c. discharge d. velocity
III. Stream Flow
B. Downstream Trendsa. gradient b. width and depth c. discharge d. velocity
III. Work of Running WaterA. Erosion
III. Work of Running Water
A. Erosion1) Sheet flow
III. Work of Running Water
A. Erosion
1) Sheet flow2) Rill flow
3) Stream (gully) flow
III. Work of Running WaterB. Transportation
1) dissolved load
B. Transportation1) dissolved load2) suspended load
B. Transportation1) dissolved load2) suspended load3) bedload
Bed load – – Rolling
– Sliding
– Saltation
Saltation
IV. Features of Streams
IV. Features of Streams
A) Waterfalls and Rapids
IV. Features of Streams
B) Meanders
Pointbars
Cutbanks
IV. Features of Streams
C) Pointbars
IV. Features of Streams
D) Cutbanks
IV. Features of Streams
IV. Features of Streams
E. Oxbow lakes
IV. Features of Streams
E) Oxbow lakes
IV. Features of StreamsF) Braided Streams
•
G) Natural Levees
IV. Features of StreamsH) Deltas
H) Deltas
IV. Features of StreamsI) Floodplains and Terraces
V. “Other Topics”A) Drainage Patterns
1. dendritic
V. “Other Topics”A) Drainage Patterns
1. dendritic 2. radial
V. “Other Topics”A) Drainage Patterns
1. dendritic 2. radial
3. rectangular
V. “Other Topics”A) Drainage Patterns
1. dendritic 2. radial
3. rectangular
4. trellis
V. “Other Topics”A) Drainage Patterns
5. Deranged Drainage
V. “Other Topics”A) Drainage Patterns
5. Deranged Drainage
V. “Other Topics”B) Stream Piracy
Stream Piracy
Stream Piracy
V. “Other Topics”B) Stream Piracy
C) Channelization
Channelization
Channelization
Channelization
Channelization
Channelization
Rise = vertical dropRun horizontal distance
Channelization
Channelization
Channelization
Channelization
Channelization
V. “Other Topics”B) Stream Piracy
C) Channelization
D) Flood hydrograph
HydrographA. General
HydrographA. GeneralB. Storm Hydrograph
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