View
35
Download
0
Category
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria and Department of Physics, University of Helsinki Finland. Contents Introduction - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture
Anatoli Bogdan
Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria
andDepartment of Physics, University of Helsinki
Finland
ContentsIntroduction - observational data of UT moisture - water activity criterion
Approaches for explanation of large UT moisture - cubic ice hypothesis - organic coating around sulfuric acid aerosol - glassy organic (citric acid) aerosol - mixed-phase cirrus cloud particles
Observations of UT moisture
The warming is large at the upper troposphere in the tropics and the lower troposphere in the northern high latitude. http://www.mri-jma.go.jp/Dep/cl/cl4/yosoku/yosoku-en.htm
Water activity criterion
Maximum RHi of aqueous aerosol droplets which is allowed by a water activity criterion (WAC).
Equilibrium partial pressures of the components of ideal and non-ideal binary solution as a function of the mole fraction XA. When XA → 1, we have a dilute solution of B in A. In this region the Raoult’s law pA = XA p*A is applied for A. In the region where XA → 0, we have the Raoult’s law pB = XB p*B for B component.
,
solw
w
pa
pWater activity may be approximated as
Cubic ice hypothesis
Hexagonal ice
The arrangement of water molecules in hexagonal ice
Cubic ice
Hexagonal ice lattice
Diffraction patterns from frozen emulsified droplets of 30 wt % HNO3.
Ratio of vapor pressure of cubic and hexagonal ices
The hypotheses of organic coating around sulfuric acid aerosol
Organic coating of sulfuric acid aerosol
The hypotheses of concentrated glassy citric acid aerosol
Calorimetric thermograms of emulsified 17 wt% H2SO4 and 17/3 wt% H2SO4/HNO3.
Complete and truncated thermograms of 20wt% H2SO4.
16 Cooling
Droplets are on hydrophobic surface.
50 μm
17Cooling
18Cooling
19 Cooling
20Cooling
21Cooling
22Cooling
23Cooling
39
Warming
40
Warming
41
Warming
42
Warming
43
Warming
44
Warming
45
Warming
46
Warming
47
Warming
48
Warming
49
Warming
50
Warming
51
Warming
52
Warming
54
Warming
55
Warming
56
Warming
57
Warming
58
Warming
62
Warming
65
Warming
Recommended