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NACLIM: North Atlantic ClimatePredictability of the Climate in the
North Atlantic/European sector related to North Atlantic/Arctic Ocean temperature
and sea ice variability and change
Core Theme 4Impact on the oceanic ecosystem and urban societies
Core Theme 4
To quantify the impact on oceanic ecosystems and
urban societies of predicted North Atlantic/Arctic Ocean variability.
Physical environment
Marineecosystems
Urbansocieties
Core Theme 4
WP 4.1Impact on the
oceanic ecosystem
WP 4.2Impact on
urban societies
NACLIM: North Atlantic ClimatePredictability of the Climate in the
North Atlantic/European sector related to North Atlantic/Arctic Ocean temperature
and sea ice variability and change
WP 4.1Impact on the oceanic ecosystem
Prediction is difficult, especially if it involves the future.Prediction is difficult, especially if it involves fish.
Niels Bohr
The Fundamental Question
Adults
Juveniles
How do we get from here….
…to here..…and back again?
Juveniles vs Adults
North-East Atlantic Blue Whiting
Residuals ~ Environment
”…dismal…”
So what goes wrong?
•Parental condition
•Sex ratio
•Parental effects
•Atresia
•Disease
•Salinity
•Egg density
•Egg mortality
•Egg predation
•Food amount
•Food availability
•Food type
•Food quality
•Match-mismatch
•Drift
•Temperature
•Competition
•Larval predation
• System is very complex
• Biological sciences lack the quantitative, mechanistic laws common in physical sciences
• Correlation vs casuality
So what do we do?
The approach
Low hanging fruitWork within limitations
WP 4.1 Structure
Review
Detailed Case Studies
SpecificPredictions
CMIP5 forecasts
Assessment of Forecast Skill (WP 1.1, 1.2)
Generic Approach
”Lessons learned”
T 4.1.1/D11 Review
• Review physical-biological coupling• Across all trophic levels – plankton to whales• Not just productivity (recruitment)
• Classify according to level of understanding• Mechanistic or correlative? Robustness?• Based on specific features or large scale indices?
• Identify the low-hanging fruit• i.e. the strongest physical-biological couplings
T 4.1.4 Case Studies
Phytoplankton
Pilotwhales
Zooplankton
Puffins
Blue whitingSalmon
e.g. Blue Whiting Spawning
Larval observations around Rockall Bank
Hátún et al. (2009) CJFAS
WP 4.1 Structure
Review
DetailedCase Studies
SpecificPredictions
CMIP5 forecasts
Assessment of Forecast Skill (WP 1.1, 1.2)
GenericApproach
”Lessons learned”
• ”Match-Mismatch” hypothesis
• Larval fish survival depends on match with timing of spring bloom
T 4.1.2 Generic Approach
e.g. Scotian Shelf Haddock
Platt et al. (2003) Nature
• Assess ability of CMIP5 models to capture spring bloom timing• Where possible!• Develop time series of timings
• Identify fish populations that show sensitivity to bloom timing• Meta-analytic approach
• Predict where possible
T 4.1.2 Generic Approach
WP 4.1 Structure
Review
DetailedCase Studies
SpecificPredictions
CMIP5 forecasts
Assessment of Forecast Skill (WP 1.1, 1.2)
GenericApproach
”Lessons learned”
T 4.1.3 Making Predictions
• Recognise limitations! • Unknown unknowns
• Qualitative metrics as well as quantitative
• Quality metrics e.g. IPCC style
D52 ”Lessons Learned”
• Review paper
• Where are the knowledge gaps?
• What needs to be done in the future?
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of our approach?
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