Safety Evaluation of highway project at Post- construction

International Conference on Transportation Infrastructure Projects Conception To Execution (TIPCE) 7th to 10th January, 2019 at IIT Roorkee

Safety Evaluation of highway project at Post-construction stage - A case study of NH-59A in the

State of Madhya Pradesh

Presenter: Sujeet Kumar Modi - PhD Scholar at SPA Delhi &

Consultant (Traffic and Road Safety) Co-author:

Dr. Sewa Ram, Professor at SPA Delhi Ganesh S Doley, Head of Highway Division at Indus Infra Solutions

Introduction to Presentation

• Introduction to Project and the Project Road

• Scope of Work

• Methodology

• Guidelines and Standards

• Audit Process and Data Collection

• Data Processing

• Audit Findings

• Recommendations

• Conclusion

Introduction to Project Road

Project Road start, Harda, Ch. Km 147+000

Project Road Ends, Betul Road, Ch. Km 181+000

Timarni

Sodalpur

Dolariya

Uda

Tamegaon

Introduction to Project

Client: PWD (NH Division), Bhopal Consultant: CADD Consulting Contractor: Shantilal B. Patel

Road Length: 34 km

Road configuration: 2 Lane with paved shoulder

Urban Area: Harda, Timarni, Sodalpur and other small market areas such as

Uda, Tamegaon

Consultant’s Scope of Work

Pre-opening Stage Road Safety Audit

• The Project Road

• Construction Drawings – Junctions, Signage,

Marking, etc.

• Audit of the Crash Locations – Identified by Police

Methodology

Task: Audit of the Road (Pre-opening stage)

Data Collection Primary Data Video / Photography

Secondary Data

Geo-coded Crash Data, Reports, Designs Drawings, Traffic Surveys

Data Processing

Data Analysis: Identification of road safety issue from site and drawings

Recommendations as per Guidelines and Standards

Report

Guideline and Standards

IRC:SP:88-2010 Manual on Road Safety Audit

IRC:SP:73-2015 Manual of Specifications & Standards for Two Laning of

Highways with Paved Shoulder

IRC:67-2012 Code of Practice for Road Signs

IRC:35-2015 Code of Practice for Road Markings

IRC:99-2018 Guidelines for Traffic Calming Measures in Urban and Rural

Areas

Data Collection

• Meeting with Stakeholders such as Client, Contractor and Authority

Engineer

• Site Visit

Data Inquired during the

meeting

Data Collected

1. Detailed Crash Data Crash locations provided

Locations identified by police based on previous

crashes occurred along the Projects Road

3. Previous audit findings, minutes of

meetings, recommendations, etc.

Not Available

2. Drawings (Junctions, Furniture,

etc)

Provided

Audit Process – to be followed

1 • Meeting with stakeholders and Collection of primary and secondary data

2 • Site Visit

3 • Data processing and analysis

4 • Draft Report Submission

5 • Client’s comment and submission of final report

6 • Completion meeting with stakeholders

Data Processing

• Images/Video: Classification of photos

based on road geometry/alignment,

junctions, and surrounding area. Processing

of videos for traffic movements at junctions.

• Drawings and design outputs

• Police data

Audit Findings – Identification of Crash Locations

13 Locations – Fatal

Common characteristics of crash locations

Sharp Curves with Junction

Sharp Curve with bridge

School on sharp turn

Poorly designed junctions

Sight Distance

Sl. No. Crash Location Thana Chainage verified from site

(km)

1 Pulia near khirki wala dargah Timarni 153+016

2 Mod near Charkheda School 154+950

3 Ardh Nageshwari Temple –

Charkheda

157+000

4 Sai temple 157+460

5 Timarni Bus Stand 161+500

6 Madhav Colony Gate 162+600

7 Bhayali Tappar 165+988

8 Sodalpur Bus Stand 167+460

9 Behragaon Mod 169+920

10 Dolriya Faate Rahatgaon 175+350

11 Temagaon to Bhadugaon Faate 178+350

12 Near Warehouse (ahead of

Temagaon)

179+200

13 Near Nayan Taara 180+400

Audit Findings – Crash Location 1

Pulia, km 153+016 S - curve

T-Junction at km 152+643

Under-construction Bridge Sharp curve near pulia

T-junction (towards khidki waala village)

Signs not as per IRC Standard

Markings provided as per IRC

Poor visibility of Junction

Minor Road

Minor Road

Major Road

Poor Visibility

Audit Findings – Crash Location 1

Sitting bench on the shoulder - hazardous

Culvert – object hazard sign missing

Audit Findings – Crash Location

Hazardous objects on road such as bridge, culvert,

etc.

Object Hazard Sign

Curve sign and speed limit signs

Single Chevron sign

Curve sign and speed limit signs

Recommendations – Crash Location

No overtaking Marking

Audit Findings – Crash Location 2

Sharp curve Sharp curve

Sharp curve before school

Sharp curve after school

MNB – object hazard sign missing

Curve sign: not as per IRC Pedestrian sign: not as per IRC

Open Drain

Audit Findings – Crash Location 2

Recommendations – Crash Location 2

Sharp curve Sharp curve Bridge, km 156+392

Temple at km 156+957

curve

Sharp curve on bridge

Audit Findings – Crash Location 3

Height of the bridge is 3m or greater than 3 m

Object Hazard sign is missing Sharp curve: no-overtaking marking missing

Audit Findings – Crash Location 3

Culvert Temple at km

157+500

Culverts near Sai Temple

Culvert: Object Hazard sign is missing

Audit Findings – Crash Location 4

Recommendations – Crash Location 4

Junction at km 161+500

Sharp curve

Audit Findings – Crash Location 5

Recommendations – Crash Location 5

Junction at km 162+600 Sharp curve Sharp curve

Bridge at km 162+835

Junction at Sharp Curve

Visibility from Minor Road of the Junction

sharp curve after bridge (newly constructed)

Bridge: Object Hazard sign is missing Visibility of Junction: poor from major road and minor road both Height of bridge: greater than 3 m, no safety barrier provide

Audit Findings – Crash Location 6

Recommendations – Crash Location 6

Bridge at km 165+996

Newly constructed bridge

Bridge: Object Hazard sign is missing Height of bridge: greater than 3 m, no safety barrier provide

Audit Findings – Crash Location 7

Recommendations – Crash Location 7

Junction at km 167+460

Culvert at km 167+350

Culvert before Junction

Sharp curve

Sharp curve at Junction

Bridge: Object Hazard sign is missing Junction: No signs and poor marking on major road, no signs/marking on minor road, no traffic calming measures

Audit Findings – Crash Location 8

Recommendations – Crash Location 8

Sharp curve

Junction

Temple

Sharp curve at Junction Temple

Curve: no traffic calming measures provided to reduce the speed. Junction: poor visibility, non-standard sign on major road, and non-standard signs and no marking on minor road

Major Road

Minor Road

Poor Visibility of junction from minor road and major road

Audit Findings – Crash Location 9

Recommendations – Crash Location 9

Sharp curve Junction

Sharp curve at Junction

Junction: not Visible from the Major Road

Curve: ‘no overtaking’ marking is provided and no traffic calming measures provided to reduce the speed. Junction: poor visibility, no sign on major road and no signs and marking on minor road.

Audit Findings – Crash Location 10

Curve Sharp curve Junction

Market

Market

Audit Findings – Crash Location 11

Sharp curve at km 179+141

Sharp curve at km 179+569

Sharp curve at km 179+967

Audit Findings – Crash Location12

Sharp curve at km 180+481

Audit Findings – Crash Location 13

Single Chevron sign

Curve sign and speed limit signs

Curve sign and speed limit signs

Recommendations – Curve Locations

Audit Findings – Market/Residential Area

Location: Near Harda

Uda

Location: Near Harda

Timarni

Timarni

Signs are Not as per IRC standard

Audit Findings – Market/Residential Area

Harda

Uda

Harda

Tamegaon

Markings as per IRC standard

Audit Findings – Market/Residential Area

Trucks parked on the shoulder Location: ch. km 147 to km 147+900

Open drain in Uda Open drains, shoulder drop Location: ch. km 147 to km 147+900

Pedestrian walking on paved shoulder in Uda Open drain in Uda

Audit Findings – Market/Residential Area

UDA: 1. Open drain 2. residential area, no footpath for VRUs

Charkheda: residential area, no footpath for VRUs

Timarni: 1. Open drain 2. Residential/ market area, no footpath for VRUs

Sodalpur: residential and market area, no footpath for VRUs

Tamegaon: market area, no footpath for VRUs

Audit Findings – Rural Area

Signs are Not as per IRC standard

Audit Findings – Rural Area

Markings as per IRC standard

Audit Findings – Schools

School on left at ch. Km 168+150

School on right at ch. Km 168+150

Sign: not as per IRC

Marking: as per IRC

No special treatment provided to alert driver and reduce their speed

Audit Findings – Untreated Junction

Under construction road at ch. Km 177+920 near Temagaon Undeveloped junction: Safety Concerns

Recommendations

Removal of all the damaged and non-standard signage. Provide signage wherever required especially for market/residential area, at junctions, at structures, and on curve portions as per “IRC-67-2012”. Provide following signs are recommended, Mandatory sign: “stop” sign on minor road of the T-Junction, “overtaking prohibited” sign on both curves for both directions, ‘no stopping and no standing’ sign and “speed limit” signs. Cautionary sign: Provide “left hand curve”, “right hand curve”, and “single chevron” for curve. Provide “side road sign” for T-Junction. Provide “build up area” and “pedestrian crossing” for build up area. Provide “object hazard” sign at bridge/culvert location. Provide ‘guarded railway crossing’ sign. Information sign, facility information signs and route marker sign could be provided as per “IRC-67-2012”.

Recommendations

Markings •Provide markings as per “IRC-35-2015”. •The Figure 7 shows the arrangements for the studs for a two lane road for any straight portion and the curved portion of the Project Road, as per “IRC-35-2015”. •Provide bar markings along with pedestrian crossing and hazard marking for Vulnerable Reach (Railway Crossing and Market/Residential Area), as per IRC: 99-2018, as shown in figure below.

•Provide parking restriction marking wherever trucks, buses and jeep/car are parked in market/residential area, as shown in figure below, as per IRC:35-2015.

Recommendations

Provision for the vulnerable road users Wherever 4-lane is not feasible in build-up area (as shown in figure below) due to limited RoW, at least provide footpath cum drain of width 1.75 m along with paver block (1.0 m) and utility corridor (2.0 m), as per IRC: SP-73-2015.

Recommendations

Road Side Hazard Provide object hazard sign at bridge/culverts. Wherever road is narrowed due to reduced width of the structure, provide arrangement as per IRC:99-2018. Any roadside obstacles such as trees, electric poles, etc. could be hazardous and a matter of safety concern. Such objects should be shifted from the right of way (RoW). As per IRC:SP:73-2015, “Wherever a permanent object cannot be removed for some reasons, provision of tandems viz. W-beam metal crash barriers and hazard markers with reflectors must be made”. Provide standard safety barrier provided at railway crossing near Harda, as per IRC:SP:73-2015. Where ever embankment heights are 3 m or above, provide safety barriers as per IRC-SP-73-2015.

Conclusion

Road is not constructed as per design drawings especially at junctions.

The safety measures at crash locations, market area, junctions, curves,

structures, schools and religious places are completely missing.

The reasons for poor safety measures of the Project Road are;

1) no design audit at feasibility stage,

2) no design audit at construction stage,

3) poor implementation of design drawings, and

4) poor or no provision of traffic control devices such as signage, marking and

signal devices that is used to inform, guide and control traffic including

pedestrians, drivers and bicyclists.

Thank you