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SAMPLING OF WASTES
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IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 1
1 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Sampling of WastesSampling of Wastes
Institute of Waste Management
Erwin Binner MSc.Erwin Binner MSc.BOKUBOKU--UniversityUniversity / Vienna/ Vienna
Institute of Waste ManagementInstitute of Waste Management
Marion Huber-HumerGudrun Obersteiner
Maxim AkhmadievPeter BeiglErwin BinnerMarlies HradGünther KrausPeter LechnerSabine LenzPeter MostbauerFlorian PartAlexandra Pukhnyuk Roland RamuschStefan SalhoferSilvia ScherhauferElisabeth SchmiedFelicitas SchneiderMargarete StaudnerBenjamin Steuer
Nina DegischerThomas EbnerReinhold OttnerZorica Stamenkovic
Anna HappenhoferChristian HochhauerAleksander JandricJulia Zeilinger
2 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Outlook
Sampling of Wastes
Inhomogeneity Representative Sample
Sampling Plan
Material Properties
Increment Samples (number and amount)
Mixed Sample (amount)
Analyses of Water Content
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 2
3 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Sampling of Wastes
wastes in most cases are
very inhomogeneous
particle size
water content
content of hazardous compounds
……
the problem is to get a the problem is to get a
representative samplerepresentative sample
4 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Sampling of WastesMunicipal Solid Wastes (MSW) - Delivery
photo: Erwin Binner
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 3
5 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Sampling of WastesMunicipal Solid Wastes (MSW) - Delivery
photo: Binner, 2008
6 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Sampling of Wastes Biowaste – Delivery
photo: Binner, 2008
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 4
7 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Sampling of Wastes Biowaste – Compost
photo: Binner, 2010
8 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Sampling of Wastes Wastes from Abandoned Sites
photo: ABF-BOKU
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 5
9 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Sampling of WastesSampling Plan
first we need a sampling plan (concept):
goal of investigation (why?)
which parameters do we have to analyse?- needed sample amount
- adequate pre-treatment and stabilisation of samples
knowledge about properties of waste- homogeneity
- bulk density
- maximum grain size, grain size distribution
10 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Sampling of WastesSampling Plan
first we need a sampling plan (concept):
how to do sampling?- location and date of sampling
- proper tools for sampling
execution of sampling- journal of sampling (note important items)
- taking sub-samples
- mixing sub samples to „field sample“
- laboratory sample
- retain sample
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 6
11 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
number of increments: very important- „an increment sample is part of the population by
which via statistic data a characterisation of the population shall be done.“compromise between accuracy and effort
- every element of population has to have the same chance to become part of the sample
Sampling of WastesSampling Plan – Number of Increments
the less the homogeneity, the larger the number of increment samples
calculation of number by statistical criteria
choose of increments by chance (luck)
12 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Statistic Procedure: Ö-NORM EN 14899 Increment Size (Amount/Volume)
395
8395
9 107.2)3(10 DDMinc Minc minimum amount for increments, in kg
D95 „max. grain size“ (95-Percentil), in mm (MBT 10 to 60)
bulk density of waste, in kg/m3 (MBT ~ 700)
for D95 > 3mm
6 l3.5 l2.0 l1.0 l0.2 l0.05 lvolume of increment
4.1 kg2.4 kg1.2 kg0.5 kg0.15 kg0.02 kgamount of increment
60 mm50 mm40 mm30 mm20 mm10 mmmax. grain size (MBT)
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 7
13 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Sampling of Wastes / Example MBT Wastes Increment Size (Amount/Volume)
5.1 l4.3 l3.4 l2.6 l1.7 l0.9 lvolume of increment
3.6 kg3.0 kg2.4 kg1.8 kg1.2 kg0.6 kgamount of increment
60 mm50 mm40 mm30 mm20 mm10 mmmax. grain size (MBT)
Minc minimum amount of increment, in kg
max. grain size, in mm
Minc = 0.06 x max. grain size
approximation:
14 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Statistic Procedure: Ö-NORM EN 14899 Increment Sample – Mixed Sample
Increment 1
Increment 2
Increment 3
Increment 4
Increment 5Increment 6
Mixed Sample
photo: Erwin Binner
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 8
15 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Statistic Procedure: Ö-NORM EN 14899 Sample Size (Amount) for Mixed Sample
94 l54 l43 l11.5 l3.5 l0.5 lvolume of sample
66 kg38 kg30 kg8 kg2.4 kg0.3 kgamount of sample
60 mm50 mm40 mm30 mm20 mm10 mmmax. grain size (MBT)
pCV
pgDM sam
23
95
)1()(
6
1
Msam minimum amount for sample, in gD95 „max. grain size “ (95-Percentil), in cmρ density of particles, in g/cm3
g factor for grain size distributionp m/m percentage of particles with defined characteristicCV wanted coefficient of variation
16 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Sampling of WastesSample Size (Amount/Volume)
0.30.40.50.60.70.8density (kg/l) 1)
800 l450 l240 l100 l43 l15 lvolume of sample
240 kg180 kg120 kg60 kg30 kg12 kgamount of sample
400 mm300 mm200 mm100 mm50 mm20 mmmax. grain size
Ms minimum amount of sample, in kg
max. grain size, in mm
Ms = 0.6 x max. grain size
approximation for MSW:
1) very rough estimation!!
10 increments
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 9
17 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Sampling of Wastes Particle Size Reduction - Shredding
shredding of wet samples:
~ 10,000 € photo: Binner, 2004
18 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
• mix all the increments and build a cone
• divide the cone into 4 similar parts
•• throw awaythrow away2 parts (1+3)2 parts (1+3)
• mix the othertwo parts(2+4) carefully
• divide again into4 similar parts
•• throw away 2 partsthrow away 2 parts
• mix the other two parts carefully
• repeat as often as necessary
Sampling of WastesConing and Quartering Procedure
“coning and quartering” procedure:
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 10
19 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Sampling of WastesConing and Quartering Procedure
photo: ABF-BOKU
20 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Analysis of Analysis of Water ContentWater Content
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 11
21 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Sampling of WastesSubsample for Analyses (Amount)
24 kg18 kg12 kg6.0 kg3.0 kg1.2 kgamount of sample
400 mm300 mm200 mm100 mm50 mm20 mmmax. grain size
Ms minimum amount of sample, in kg
max. grain size, in mm
Ms = 0.06 x max. grain size
approximation for MSW:
120 kg sample to laboratory
22 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Analysis of WastesWater Content
Water Content (WC)“Fresh Laboratory Sample (< 20 mm)”
500 - 1,000 g (balance accurate to 0.1 g)
drying at 105 °C until weight is constant (24 - 48 hours)
weighing again (warm, because material catches water from atmosphere)
100 * (weight 100 * (weight wetwet –– weight weight drydry))
weight weight wetwetWC [% WM] =WC [% WM] =
result in: % WM (wet matter) accuracy: 1 decimal place (e.g. 25.4 %WM)
repetitions: 2 allowed difference: + 2.5 %
200 mm2 x 6 kg!
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 12
23 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Analysis of WastesWater Content
Balance BA 160B~ 2,300 €
photo: Binner, 2011
24 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Analysis of WastesWater Content
Memmert UML 800 ~ 3,500 €
Memmert UM 600 ~ 1,600 €
photo: Binner, 2011
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 13
25 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Analysis of WastesWater Content
26 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Sampling and Pretreatment of Wastes Conclusions
sampling concept
goal of investigation, parameters, location, time, needed equipment,
information about waste (max. grain size resp. its distribution, homogeneity, physical requirements)
calculation of minimum sample amounts, number of increment samples, number of qualified mixed samples, number and amount of laboratory sample
sample stabilisation (cooling 4°C, freezing -20°C)
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 14
27 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Sampling and Pretreatment of Wastes Conclusions
sample pretreatment
which parameters should be analysed
stabilisation of samplesdrying, cooling 4°C, freezing -20°C
drying temperatureair drying, 45 °C, 105 °C
equipment for grinding (size reduction)Centrifugal Mill (contamination, heat), Agate Vibratory Disk Mill
elution media and perioddeionized water, CaCl2, pyrophosphate, …
28 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
“Sustainable MBT-Landfill”
0,5 m non calcareous gravel
1-2 m mature compost
Miscantus
mechanical-biologicalpretreated waste
drainage system for surface runoff“free leachate discharge”
landfill liner (DVO)
Muchas Gracias por Su Atención
Muchas Gracias por Su Atención
e.binner@boku.ac.athttp://www.wau.boku.ac.at
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