SBi4U: Homeostasis KIDNEY DISSECTION MINI-LAB · SBi4U: Homeostasis KIDNEY DISSECTION MINI-LAB...

SBi4U: Homeostasis KIDNEY DISSECTION MINI-LAB

Name:__________________________________ Date:______________________Inthislabactivityfreshlambkidneyswillbedissected.Hygieneiscrucialwhendealing with fresh specimens. Vinyl gloves will be provided and handwashingwithsoapandwarmwatermustbeperformedbeforeleavingtheclass.

Assessment Youwillbeassessedbasedonthefollowingcriteria:1.Respectforthespecimenyouarestudying.Ifyoutreatthespecimeninadisrespectfulway,youwillberemovedfromthelab.

2.Safety.Yourlabtoolsshouldbecleaned,driedandreturnedattheendoftheclass.Yourgroupissolelyresponsibleforyourscalpel.Showyourequipmenttotheteacherbeforereturningittothecart.Alwayswashyourhandsandyourworkareawhenyouarefinished.Handledissectingtoolscarefully(don’tcutdirectlytowardsyourselforyourlabpartner(s)).Youshouldwearglovesandsafetygoggles.Labapronsareavailableifyouchoosetousethem.

3.Participation.Everymemberofyourteamshouldcontributetolearningfromthedissection.

4.Carefuldissection.Trytofollowalldirectionstothebestofyourability,andtocutcarefullyinordertoobservewholeorgans.Useyourreferencematerialsand/ortheteachertoassistyou.

5.Disposal.Anytissuesremovedshouldbeplacedinaspecialgarbagebag,notdownthesinkorintheregulargarbage

6.Checkupquestions.Attheendoftheactivity,theteacherwillhavequestionstoaskyouabouttheactualdissection.(e.g.,Whereistherenalcapsule?Whatisthisdarkredarea?)Eachpersoninyourgroupwillhavetoansweroneormorequestions.Calltheteacheroverbyraisingyourhandwhenyourgroupisreadyforthequestions.

*ItisYOURGROUP’SRESPONSIBILITYtoensurethatyougetachancetoanswerthesequestionsbeforeyoudisposeofyourspecimen!*

7.Labreport.Forthisactivity,thereportwillconsistonlyofbiologicaldrawingsandanswerstoquestionsinthishandout.Eachstudentwillhandintheirownreport.

Background Information Thehumanurinarysystemconsistsoftwokidneys,twoureters,oneurinarybladder,andoneurethra.Thissystemhastwobasicfunctions,bothofwhichoccurinthekidneys.Thefirstfunctionistoremovenitrogenouswastes(suchascreatinine,urea,anduricacid)fromthebody.Thesecondfunctionistomaintaintheion,pH,andwaterlevelsintheblood.One product of these processes is urine, a pale yellow fluid containingwater, and particles such asurea, sodium, potassium, creatinine, and uric acid. Urine moves from the kidneys to the urinarybladderviatheureters,whichareessentiallytubeshapedextensionsoftherenalpelvis.Urineisstoredintheurinarybladderuntilitleavesthebodyviatheurethra.

SBi4U: Homeostasis KIDNEY DISSECTION MINI-LAB

Basic Kidney Anatomy Therearefourprimarycomponentstoakidney:1.RenalCapsule:Asmoothsemitransparentmembranethatadherestightlytotheoutersurfaceofthekidney.2.RenalCortex:Theregionofthekidneyjustbelowthecapsule.Inafreshkidneythecolourofthecortexwillbereddishbrown.3.RenalMedulla:Theregiondeeperintothekidney,beneaththecortexlayer. Inafreshkidneyit is

more red in coIour than the cortex. It is segregated into triangular and columnar regions. Thetriangularregionsaretherenalpyramids,whichshouldbestriated(orstriped)inappearancedueto the collecting ducts running through them. The renal medulla contains the structures of thenephron,which is thebasic functional filtrationunitof thekidney.Thekidneycontainsup to1.5millionnephrons!Itschieffunctionistoregulatetheconcentrationofwaterandsolublesubstanceslikesodiumsaltsbyfilteringtheblood,reabsorbingwhatisneededandexcretingtherestasurine.Thecolumnarregionsbetweenthepyramidsaretherenalcolumns.Theserenalcolumnsarewheretheinterlobararteriesarelocated.

4.Renal Pelvis: A cavitywithin the kidney that is continuouswith the ureter,which exits from the

hilus. Thepelvishasportions thatextend towards theapexesof the renalpyramids.Theprimary(large)extensionsarethemajorcalycesandthesmallerextensionsaretheminorcalyces.

SBi4U: Homeostasis KIDNEY DISSECTION MINI-LAB

Procedure

1. Collect dissecting tools, a ruler, toothpicks,masking tape and a tray for your lab group.Obtain afreshlambkidney.

2.Observethewhitishadipose(fat)tissueclingingtotherenalcapsule(thismayormaynotbepresentdependingonhowthekidneywasprepared).Theseareremnantsoftheadiposecapsule.Useyourscissorstoremoveexcessadiposetissuearoundthehilusregion,andtheprobetohelpyouidentifytheureterandanybloodvesselslocatedinthehilusregion.Completealabeledbiologicaldrawingoftheexteriorviewofthekidney.Includemeasurements.

3.Cutthekidneyinhalflongitudinallyusingtheknifeorwithshortrepeatedstrokesofthescalpel.

4.Examinetheinteriorstructureofthekidney.Usingthetoothpicksandmaskingtape,identifyandlabel the cortex, medulla, renal pelvis, renal pyramids, renal columns, the major calyx and minorcalyxes,theureterandanybloodvesselspresent.Itmaybeusefultotracethevesselsfromthehilusregionwithabluntprobetohelpwithidentification.

SBi4U: Homeostasis KIDNEY DISSECTION MINI-LAB

5. Complete a labeled biological drawing of the interior of one half of the kidney. Includemeasurements.Callyourteacheroverforcheckpointquestionswhenready.

6.Disposeofthekidneyinthewastebagprovided.Washalldissectingequipmentandreturn.Washyourhandthoroughlywithwarmsoapandwater.

PossibleCheckupQuestions:

1.Whatisthesmoothsemitransparentmembranethatadherestightlytotheoutersurfaceofthekidney?2.Whatarethetwoprimaryfunctionsoftheurinarysystem?3.Whatstructureallowsurinetomovefromthekidneystotheurinarybladder?4.Whatgivestherenalpyramidstheirstripedappearance?5.Whatarethecalyces?6.Whatstructuresarefoundintherenalcolumns?7.Whatisthecavitywithinthekidneythatiscontinuouswiththeureter?8.Whydoyouthinktherewouldhavebeenadiposetissuesurroundingtherenalcapsule?

AssessmentChart

Respect, safety, participation, careful dissection,disposal

543210

Diagrams(x2,fullylabeled) 210

Checkpointquestionsansweredsuccessfully 3210

__________

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