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Scale-Out Data Center Architecture
UKUUG Spring 2011 Conference Leeds – 24.03.2011 Bernd Erk
Agenda
INTRODUCTION TO NETWAYS
SCALABILITY DEFINITION
TYPICAL SCENARIO
- DATABASE
- WEB AND APPLICATION SERVERS
GROWTH DIFFICULTIES
ON TIME
ON TIME
ON TIME
ON TIME
ON TIME
ON TIME
4 SLIDES
3 SLIDES
6 SLIDES
6 SLIDES
2 SLIDES
6 SLIDES
DESTINATION TIME REMARK
- FILE AND BLOCK-I/O
SUMMARY ON TIME
ON TIME
2 SLIDES
6 SLIDES
Q & A ON TIME 1 SLIDE
INTRODUCTION TO NETWAYS BOARDING
Introduction to NETWAYS
§ Founded in 1995 § GmbH since 2001 § Open Source since 1997
§ 30 full time employees
§ Specialized in Open Source Systems Management and Open Source Data Center Infrastructure
Skills
– Monitoring – Performance Management – Configuration Management – Service Management – Knowledge Management – Asset Management – Identity Management – Backup & Recovery
– High Availability Solutions – Cluster Solutions – Load balancing – Virtualization – Storage Solutions – Firewalls – Databases – Voice over IP
Open Source Systems Management
Open Source Data Center Solutions
Managed Services Consultancy Conferences
§ Open Source Data Center Conference 2011 § 6 - 7 April 2011 in Nuremberg
§ http://www.netways.de/osdc
§ Open Source Monitoring Conference § 5 tracks with speeches & workshops
§ 29 - 30 November 2011 in Nuremberg § http://www.netways.de/osmc
Conferences
§ 33 years old
§ Head of Operations at NETWAYS § Responsible for Consulting, Development
and Managed Services § Background in Database Infrastructure and
Service Oriented Architecture
§ Open Source Projects – Icinga team member
Introduction to Bernd Erk
Root of „all“ evil
SOAP
REST
SCALABILITY DEFINITION BOARDING
Scaling Methods
§ Scale-Up
– add as many resources as possible to a single node system
§ Scale-Out
– add as many resources as required, to your application using additional nodes
§ “Mixed Mode”
– add nodes based on virtualized platform to optimize hardware usage
Scaling Methods - Pictured
§ Scale-Up
§ Scale-Out
§ “Mixed Mode”
Scale-Out Challenges
§ Management
§ Bottlenecks
§ Workload Distribution
TYPICAL SCENARIO BOARDING
Typical Scenario
Firewall Firewall
SRV 1
Framework
Database
WebServer
Shared Firewall
Typical Scenario
§ WebServer / Application Server – Apache – Lighttpd – ?? Tomcat / JBoss
§ “Framework” – PHP – Ruby – Python – ?? Java
§ Database – MySQL – PostgreSQL – NoSQL
SERVER
Framework
Database
WebServer
GROWTH DIFFICULTIES BOARDING
DATABASE BOARDING
Database Bottlenecks
SRV 1
Framework
Database
Webserver
Shared Firewall
• SQL/Model • QPS • Disk-IO
Database Solutions
§ Database Tuning
§ Query- and Index-Optimization
§ Slow Query Analysis
§ Reduce number of QPS
– Application Tuning
– Caching (Memcache)
§ Scale-Out
Database-Facility
Database Scale-Out
SRV 1
Framework
Webserver
Shared Firewall
DB1 DB2
Database Database
Replication
Database Scale-Out Problems
§ Separate Read / Write Queries
§ Replication Lag
§ Failover Detection
§ High Availability
§ Load balancing
§ Replication Bottlenecks
Database Scale-Out Solutions
SRV 1
Framework
DB-Master DB-Slave
Database Database
Master-Slave
SRV 1
Framework
DB-Master DB-Slave
Database Database
Master-Slave
„MySQL“-Proxy
SRV 1
Framework
DB-Master DB-Master
Database Database
Master-Master
Database Scaleout Extended
Database-Facility
Master-Slave Master-Slave
Master - Master
DB M1 DB M2
DB M1S1
DB M1S2
DB M2S1
Database-Facility
Master - Slave
Database Sharding
Master - Slave
DB Products DB Customers
Products-Slave
Products-Slave
Customers-Slave
WEB & APPLICATION SERVERS
BOARDING
Database-Facility
Web Server Bottlenecks
SRV 1
Framework
Webserver
Shared Firewall
DB1 DB2
Database Database
• RPS • Session-Handling • Memory
Web Server Solutions
§ Web Server Tuning
§ Try a different Webserver
– Apache
– Lighttpd
– Nginx
§ Scale-Out
Database Facility
Web Server Scale-Out
SRV 1
Framework
Webserver
Shared Firewall
DB1 DB2
Database Database
SRV 2
Framework
Webserver
Web Server Scale-Out Problems
§ Deployment
§ Synchronous Files
§ High Availability
§ Session-Handling
Web Server Scale-Out Solutions
Loadbalancer Loadbalancer
SAN Storage
App Server Facility
Database Facility
SRV 1
Framework
Webserver
SRV 2
Framework
Webserver
Shared Load balancer and
Firewall
Web Server Scale-Out „Mixed“
App Server Facility
XEN A1 XEN A2 XEN A3 XEN A4
Application
App 2 App 1 App 3 App 4
App 5 App 6
Search
Search 1 Search 2
Memcached
Memcached 1 Memcached 2
FILE- AND BLOCK-I/O BOARDING
I/O Bottlenecks
SAN Storage
App Server Facility
Database Facility
SRV 1
Framework
Web Server
SRV 2
Framework
Web Server
Shared Load balancer and
Firewall
• File-I/O • Disk-I/O
Image-Delivery Bottleneck
App Server Facility
SRV 1
Framework
Web Server
SRV 2
Framework
Web Server
Shared Load balancer and
Firewall
SAN Storage
Image-Delivery Solution
Image Facility
Image 1 Image 2
Ningx
Varnish
Ningx
Varnish
SAN Storage
SAN Storage SAN Storage
Storage Scale-Out
SAN Storage SAN Storage
SAN Storage
DAS DAS
SSD DISKS SSD DISKS
SUMMARY BOARDING BOARDING
Tool Facility
Image Facility
Database Facility
App Server Facility
Architecture Overview
XEN A1
DB1 DB2 SAN Storage
Image 1
DB3
Image 1
DB4
XEN A2 XEN A3 XEN A4
XEN T1
Shared Firewall and Load balancer
Bernd‘s 5 Scale-Out Rules
§ Rule 1: Prevent I/O § Rule 2: Isolate application facilites § Rule 3: Prepare for sharding § Rule 4: Don‘t handle sessions in file system
§ Rule 5: BE FAST - DON‘T BE SLOW
Q & A BOARDING BOARDING
Questions and Answers NETWAYS GmbH Deutschherrnstrasse 15-19 90429 Nuremberg bernd.erk@netways.de http://www.twitter.com/netways www.netways.de blog.netways.de
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